Zamkatimu
Ntchito ikupitirizabe kupeza chifukwa cha matenda a chiwindi odabwitsa, omwe amakhudza ana padziko lonse omwe adakali athanzi. Mpaka pano, milandu yopitilira 450 yapezeka, yomwe pafupifupi 230 ku Europe kokha. Etiology ya matendawa imakhalabe chinsinsi, koma asayansi ali ndi malingaliro ena. Pali zambiri zosonyeza kuti kutupa kwa chiwindi ndizovuta pambuyo pa COVID-19.
- Kwa nthawi yoyamba, dziko la UK lidadandaula koyamba za kuchuluka kwa matenda a chiwindi omwe ali ovuta kutchula mwa ana. Kumayambiriro kwa Epulo, zidanenedwa kuti milandu yopitilira 60 ya matendawa idaphunziridwa. Izi ndizochuluka, poganizira kuti mpaka pano pafupifupi asanu ndi awiri mwa iwo apezeka ndi matendawa chaka chonse
- Kwa ana ena, kutupako kunayambitsa kusintha kotero kuti kuika chiwindi kumafunika. Pakhalanso kufa koyamba chifukwa cha kutupa
- Pakati pa ziphunzitso zomwe zimaganiziridwa pakuwunika kwa matenda, ma virus ndi omwe amatsogolera. Adenovirus poyamba ankakayikira, koma tsopano ma antibodies a anti-SARS-CoV-2 akupezeka mwa ana ochulukirapo.
- Milandu yambiri imapezeka mwa ana ang'onoang'ono omwe sanalandire katemera, chifukwa chake amakhala ndi COVID-19 ndipo kutupa kwa chiwindi kumatha kukhala vuto lotsatira matenda.
- Zambiri zitha kupezeka patsamba lofikira la Onet
Kusadziwa chifukwa chake kumasokoneza kwambiri kuposa matendawo
Chiwindi si matenda amene ana satenga nkomwe. Nanga n’cifukwa ciani matenda atsopano adzetsa nkhawa kwambili padziko lapansi? Yankho ndi losavuta: palibe mtundu wa kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa matenda a chiwindi, mwachitsanzo, A, B, C ndi D omwe apezeka m'magazi a ana odwala. Komanso, nthawi zambiri palibe chomwe chingayambitse kutupa sichinkadziwika. Ndi etiology yosadziwika, osati matenda omwewo, omwe ndi owopsa. Mpaka pano ana athanzi omwe amadwala mwadzidzidzi, komanso zovuta kwambiri chifukwa chosadziwika, ndizochitika zomwe sizinganyalanyazidwe.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake madokotala, asayansi ndi akuluakulu azaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi akhala akusanthula milandu kwa milungu ingapo, kufunafuna zomwe zingayambitse. Zosankha zosiyanasiyana zidaganiziridwa, koma ziwiri zidachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo.
Choyamba ndi zotsatira za matenda aakulu ndi matenda a autoimmune omwe "amakonda" kuyambitsa kapena kukulitsa kutupa. Chiphunzitsochi chinatsutsidwa mwamsanga, komabe, chifukwa ana ambiri anali ndi thanzi labwino asanadwale matenda otupa chiwindi.
Lingaliro lachiwiri ndi mphamvu ya chogwiritsira ntchito cha katemera motsutsana ndi COVID-19. Komabe, kufotokoza kumeneku kunali kosamveka - matendawa anakhudza ana osapitirira zaka 10, ndipo gulu lalikulu ndi la zaka zingapo (osakwana zaka 5). Awa ndi ana omwe, nthawi zambiri, sanalandire katemera, chifukwa sanayenere kulandira katemera wa COVID-19 (ku Poland, katemera wa ana azaka 5 ndi wotheka, koma m'maiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. , ana a zaka 12 okha ndi omwe angayandikire jekeseni).
Komabe, osati adenovirus?
Zina mwa ziphunzitso zomwe zikutheka ndi ma virus. Popeza zinatsimikiziridwa kuti HAV, HBC kapena HVC yotchuka siinali ndi vuto la chiwindi mwa ana, odwala aang'ono adayesedwa kuti ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zinapezeka kuti ambiri a iwo anapezeka matenda adenovirus (mtundu 41F). Ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timayambitsa matenda a m'mimba, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zizindikiro za matenda a chiwindi mwa ana (kuphatikizapo kupweteka kwa m'mimba, nseru, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, kutentha kwakukulu).
Vuto linali lakuti adenoviruses amakonda kuyambitsa matenda ofatsa, ndipo ngakhale kuti matendawa ndi ovuta kwambiri ndipo mwanayo amagonekedwa m'chipatala, nthawi zambiri amakhala chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa madzi m'malo mosintha kwambiri ziwalo zamkati, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi matenda a chiwindi achinsinsi. .
Zina zonse zomwe zili pansipa kanema.
Kuthekera kwachiwiri ndiko kutenga kachilombo ka mtundu wina. M'nthawi ya mliri, zinali zosatheka kupeŵa kuyanjana ndi SARS-CoV-2, makamaka popeza COVID-19 mwa ana - kuyambira pakuzindikira matenda, njira ndi chithandizo, mpaka zovuta - akadali osadziwika bwino pamankhwala. Komabe, mavuto akumananso pankhaniyi.
Chifukwa chimodzi n’chakuti, si mwana aliyense amene ali ndi matenda otupa chiwindi amene ali ndi matendawa. Izi zinali chifukwa chakuti odwala ambiri a ana, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa mliri, pomwe mitundu ya Alpha ndi Beta inali yayikulu, analibe zizindikiro. - chifukwa chake, makolo (komanso makamaka dokotala wa ana) mwina sakudziwa mpaka lero kuti adakumana ndi COVID-19. Komanso, kuyezetsa sikunachitike pamlingo waukulu ngati mafunde otsatizana obwera chifukwa cha mitundu ya Delta ndi Omikron, kotero panalibe "mwayi" wambiri wozindikira matendawa.
Chachiwiri, ngakhale mwana wanu atakhala ndi COVID-19, ma antibodies sadzapezeka m'magazi awo (makamaka ngati padutsa nthawi yayitali kuchokera pamene kachilomboka kamadwala) Sizotheka kwa odwala onse achichepere omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi kuti adziwe ngati matenda a coronavirus achitika. Pakhoza kukhala nthawi yomwe mwana wakhala akudwala ndipo COVID-19 yakhudzanso kukula kwa kutupa kwa chiwindi, koma palibe njira yotsimikizira izi.
Ndi "superantigen" yomwe imalimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi
Kafukufuku waposachedwa kwambiri wokhudza momwe COVID-19 amathandizira pachiwindi cha ana akuwonetsa kuti si SARS-CoV-2 yokha yomwe ingayambitse kutupa kwa chiwalocho. Olemba buku la "Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology" akuwonetsa kutsatana koyambitsa ndi zotsatira zake. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta Coronavirus titha kukhala kuti talowa m'mimba mwa ana ndikuwongolera chitetezo chamthupi pochipangitsa kuti chichite mopambanitsa ndi adenovirus 41F. Chiwindi chinawonongeka chifukwa cha kupanga kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni otupa.
“Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition” inakumbukira nkhani ya msungwana wazaka zitatu amene anam’peza ndi nthenda ya kutupa chiŵindi chowopsa. Pokambirana ndi makolowo zidadziwika kuti mwanayo anali ndi COVID-19 masabata angapo m'mbuyomu. Pambuyo pakuyezetsa mwatsatanetsatane (kuyesa magazi, biopsy ya chiwindi), zidapezeka kuti matendawa anali ndi maziko a autoimmune. Izi zitha kutanthauza kuti SARS-CoV-2 idapangitsa kuti chitetezo chamthupi chisayankhidwe bwino ndikupangitsa chiwindi kulephera.
«Tikufuna kuti ana omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi ayesedwe kulimbikira kwa SARS-CoV-2 mu chopondapo ndi zizindikiro zina kuti chiwindi chawonongeka. Protein ya coronavirus spike ndi "superantigen" yomwe imalimbitsa chitetezo chamthupi»- atero olemba kafukufukuyu.
Kodi mukufuna kukayezetsa zodzitetezera ku chiopsezo cha matenda a chiwindi? Msika wa Medonet umapereka kuyesa kwamakalata a protein ya alpha1-antitrypsin.
Ana anadwala kale chaka chatha?
Prof. Agnieszka Szuster-Ciesielska, katswiri wa ma virus ndi immunologist ku yunivesite ya Maria Curie-Skłodowska ku Lublin. Katswiriyu adafotokoza zomwe madokotala aku India adawona, pomwe chaka chatha (pakati pa Epulo ndi Julayi 2021) panali milandu yosadziwika bwino yachiwopsezo chachikulu cha chiwindi mwa ana. Kalelo, asing'anga, ngakhale anali ndi nkhawa ndi momwe zinthu ziliri, sanawuzepo chifukwa palibe amene adanenapo za milandu ngati imeneyi m'maiko ena. Tsopano alumikiza milanduyi ndikupereka zomwe apeza.
Chifukwa chowunika ana 475 omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi, zidapezeka kuti chodziwika bwino mwa iwo chinali matenda a SARS-CoV-2 (ochuluka mpaka 47 adadwala matenda a hepatitis). Ofufuza aku India sanapeze kuyanjana ndi ma virus ena (osati okhawo omwe amayambitsa matenda a hepatitis A, C, E, komanso varicella zoster, herpes ndi cytomegalovirus adafufuzidwa), kuphatikiza adenovirus, yomwe idapezeka mu zitsanzo zochepa chabe.
- Chochititsa chidwi, Panali kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha matenda a chiwindi mwa ana pamene SARS-CoV-2 inasiya kuyendayenda m'derali ndikuwonjezekanso pamene chiwerengero cha milandu chinali chachikulu. - amatsindika wofufuza.
Malinga ndi Prof. Szuster-Ciesielska, panthawiyi ya kafukufuku wa etiology ya matenda a chiwindi mwa ana, chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi kukhala tcheru.
- Ndikofunikira kuti madotolo adziwe kuti matenda a chiwindi ndi osowa ndipo amatha [kukula] akadwala ndi SARS-CoV-2 kapena atadwala COVID-19. Ndikofunika kuyesa ntchito ya chiwindi kwa odwala omwe sali bwino monga momwe amayembekezera. Makolo sayenera kuchita mantha, koma ngati mwana wawo wadwala, zingakhale bwino kukaonana ndi dokotala wa ana kuti akamupime. Kuzindikira pa nthawi yake ndiye chinsinsi cha kuchira - virologist amalangiza.
Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a chiwindi ndi ana?
Zizindikiro za matenda a chiwindi mwa mwana ndizodziwika, koma zimatha kusokonezeka ndi zizindikiro za "wamba" gastroenteritis, "matumbo" otchuka kapena chimfine chapamimba. Kwambiri:
- mseru,
- kupweteka m'mimba,
- kusanza,
- kutsegula m'mimba,
- kusowa kwa njala
- malungo,
- kupweteka kwa minofu ndi mafupa,
- kufooka, kutopa,
- chikasu cha khungu ndi / kapena diso,
Chizindikiro cha kutupa kwa chiwindi nthawi zambiri chimakhala kusinthika kwa mkodzo (kumakhala mdima kuposa masiku onse) ndi chopondapo (chotuwa, chotuwa).
Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vuto lamtunduwu, muyenera kukaonana ndi dokotala wa ana kapena dokotalandipo, ngati izi sizingatheke, pitani kuchipatala, kumene wodwala wamng'onoyo adzapimidwe mwatsatanetsatane.
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