Nayitrogeni feteleza

Kodi nayitrogeni feteleza ndi chiyani

Awa ndi feteleza omwe amakhala ndi nayitrogeni wambiri (1). Ikhoza kukhala michere yokhayo, kapena zakudya zina zotsagana nazo, koma nayitrogeni mulimonse momwe zingakhalire.

Popeza nayitrogeni ndi woyenda m'nthaka, nthawi zambiri sakwanira ku zomera. Chifukwa chake, feteleza wa nayitrogeni ndi amodzi mwazinthu zazikulu.

Kufunika kwa Nayitrogeni Feteleza

Nayitrogeni feteleza ali ndi ntchito zingapo zofunika.

Limbikitsani kukula kwa zomera. Nayitrojeni ndi gawo la DNA, RNA ndi mapuloteni, ndiko kuti, mu "njerwa" iliyonse yomwe chomera chimapangidwira, muli nayitrogeni. Ngati nayitrogeni ali wochuluka, zomera zimalemera msanga.

Wonjezerani zokolola. Ambiri amavomereza kuti nayitrogeni ndi amene amachititsa kukula, phosphorous pa maluwa, ndi potaziyamu pa fruiting. Mwambiri, izi ndi zoona. Koma nayitrogeni imathandizanso kwambiri pakupanga mbewu: imawonjezera kukula osati mphukira ndi masamba okha, komanso maluwa ndi zipatso. Ndipo zipatso zikachuluka, m’pamenenso zimabala zipatso. Komanso, izi zimangowonjezera kukula kwa masamba ndi zipatso, komanso khalidwe lawo. Ndipo chifukwa cha nayitrogeni, masamba amaluwa amayalidwa. The zambiri a iwo, kwambiri zipatso.

Amachiritsa mabala pamitengo. Nthawi zambiri mutatha kudulira, makamaka itatha yamphamvu, malo odulidwa ndi mabala samachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali. Zotsatira zake, kuuma kwa dzinja kwa zomera kumachepa: mitengo yoduliridwa kwambiri imatha kuzizira pang'ono m'nyengo yozizira. Ndipo pamtengo wozizira, khansa yakuda ndi matenda ena nthawi yomweyo "khala pansi". Apa ndi pamene palibe nayitrogeni wokwanira. Chifukwa chake, mutatha kudulira, dimba liyenera kudyetsedwa ndi nayitrogeni:

• kuvala pamwamba koyamba kumachitika mu Epulo: 0,5 ndowa za manyowa ovunda kapena 1 - 2 kg ya manyowa a nkhuku pa 1 sq. M pafupi ndi bwalo la thunthu;
• chachiwiri - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June: feteleza yemweyo mu mlingo womwewo.

M'malo mwa organics, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zamchere - ammophoska kapena ammonium nitrate (malinga ndi malangizo).

Imathandizira fruiting. Zimachitika kuti mitengo ya apulo kapena mapeyala amakhala pamalopo kwa zaka zambiri, akukula mwachangu, koma sakufuna kuphuka. Zaka zisanu, zisanu ndi ziwiri, khumi zikudutsa, komabe palibe kukolola. Feteleza wa nayitrogeni athandiza kukonza vutoli. Kuti mufulumizitse maluwa a mitengo ya maapulo ndi mapeyala, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri:

• choyamba - kumayambiriro kwa kukula kwa mphukira: 40 - 50 g pa thunthu la mtengo wa apulo;
• yachiwiri - isanathe kukula kwa mphukira (kumapeto kwa June): 80 - 120 g pa bwalo la thunthu.

Oyenera ammonium nitrate kapena urea. Koma kumbukirani: uwu ndi mlingo waukulu kwambiri ndipo ndizosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wochuluka wotere pamtunda wouma! Iyenera kuthiriridwa kaye, kenako kuthirira, kenako kuthiriranso.

Mitundu ndi mayina a nayitrogeni feteleza

Feteleza wa nayitrogeni amagawidwa m'magulu awiri:

• organic;
• mchere.

Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo manyowa ndi zotumphukira zake (kulowetsedwa kwa mullein, humus, ndi zina). Koma mineral nitrogen feteleza, nawonso, amagawidwa m'magulu 4:

• amide (urea);
• ammonia (ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate, ammonium sulfide);
• ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate);
• nitrate (sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, potaziyamu nitrate).

Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni

Feteleza wa nayitrogeni, monga lamulo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira koyambirira kwa masika mpaka kumapeto kwa Julayi - sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pake, chifukwa amayambitsa kukula kwa zobiriwira, zomwe mbewu zimawononga mphamvu zawo zonse kuwononga zokolola. Ndipo mitengo pafupi ndi zitsamba, mochedwa ntchito nayitrogeni akuchedwa kukula kwa mphukira, alibe nthawi kukhwima, amene amachepetsa chisanu kukana mitengo (2).

Kupatulapo ndi manyowa atsopano. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kugwa chifukwa amakhazikika kwambiri ndipo amatha kutentha mizu. Ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, imawola pang'ono ndipo imakhala yotetezeka kwa zomera.

Feteleza wa nayitrogeni atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza wamkulu - amayikidwa kumapeto kwa masika kukumba, monga kuvala pamwamba m'chilimwe - ndi kuthirira, ndi mchere wina - pakuyika masamba pamwamba pamasamba.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa nayitrogeni feteleza

Feteleza wa nayitrogeni ndi wosiyana kwambiri, aliyense wa iwo ali ndi zakezake zabwino ndi zoyipa, koma palinso mfundo zofananira.

ubwino

Chabwino sungunuka m'madzi. Manyowa ambiri a nayitrogeni amasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, kotero amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuvala pamwamba ndi kuthirira kapena kuvala pamwamba popopera mbewu mankhwalawa.

Iwo mwamsanga odzipereka ndi zomera. Zotsatira za ntchito yawo zimabwera mofulumira kwambiri - m'masiku ochepa chabe.

kuipa

Ngati feteleza wa nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, malinga ndi malangizo, ndiye kuti palibe mavuto nawo. Koma ngati zomera zadzaza ndi nayitrogeni, zotsatira zake zimakhala zosasangalatsa.

Zomera zimanenepa. Izi zimawonekera makamaka pamasamba a zipatso - nkhaka, tomato ndi zina. Amapita kumasamba, koma kulibe zipatso. Amapatsanso mbatata - samapanga ma tubers.

Chipatso, mabulosi ndi osatha amaundana pang'ono. Ngati mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe inu overfed zomera nayitrogeni, n'kutheka kuti amaundana pang'ono. Ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira.

Kutsika kwa kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi mu mphukira. Choncho ndi bwino kuti musamachite nthabwala ndi nayitrogeni - muyenera kutsatira Mlingo ndi mawu.

Zipatso, tubers ndi mababu zasungidwa zoipa. Mbatata zowonjezera ndi maapulo sadzanama kwa nthawi yayitali - amawola mwachangu.

Zomera zimatha kugwidwa ndi matenda komanso tizirombo. Ngati pali zomera ziwiri m'mundamo - imodzi yodyetsedwa motsatira malamulo, ndipo yachiwiri yodzaza, ndiye, mwachitsanzo, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi powdery mildew zidzaukira chomeracho choyamba.

Nitrates amaunjikana mu zipatso ndi amadyera. Izi ndizowona makamaka ngati mbewuyo ilibe kuwala kokwanira. Mwachitsanzo, masamba amabzalidwa pansi pa mitengo.

Mwa njira, nitrates, zomwe zimatiwopseza nthawi zonse, sizowopsa. Zowopsa kwambiri kuposa nitrite. Pa mlingo wochuluka kwambiri wa nayitrogeni, nitrosamines amaunjikananso muzomera, ndipo izi ndi zoyambitsa khansa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni m'munda ndi m'munda wamasamba

M'munda, feteleza wa nayitrogeni wa mineral nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito koyambirira kwa masika - koyambirira kwa masamba. Ngati malo pansi pa mitengo alibe kanthu, pali dziko lapansi, ndiye kuti amabalalika mozungulira pafupi-tsinde mabwalo ndi ophatikizidwa mu nthaka ndi angatenge. Ngati pali udzu kapena turf pansi pamitengo, zimangobalalika pamwamba.

M'munda, feteleza wa nayitrogeni wa mineral amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kumapeto kwa masika, kukumba malowo. M'tsogolomu, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zovala - amasungunuka m'madzi ndikuthirira masamba. Kapena amawapopera pamasamba ngati zomera zikusonyeza zizindikiro za kusowa kwa nayitrogeni.

Manyowa atsopano m'munda ndi m'munda amabweretsedwa kugwa kuti akumbidwe (kupatula minda yokhala ndi udzu kapena turf - sagwiritsa ntchito manyowa pamenepo). Humus ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kumabowo musanabzalidwe kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mulch wa mabedi ndi mitengo ikuluikulu yamitengo ndi zitsamba.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti feteleza wa nayitrogeni amagwira ntchito kwambiri m'nthaka yonyowa (3).

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

Tinayankha mafunso otchuka kwambiri okhudza feteleza wa nayitrogeni Agronomist-woweta Svetlana Mikhailova.

Magwero a

1. Kovalev ND, Atroshenko MD, Deconnor AV, Litvinenko AN Zofunika za ulimi ndi ulimi // M., Selkhozizdat, 1663 - 567 p.
2. Rubin SS Feteleza wa mbewu za zipatso ndi mabulosi // M., "Kolos", 1974 - 224 p.
3. Ulyanova MA, Vasilenko VI, Zvolinsky VP Udindo wa feteleza wa nayitrogeni mu ulimi wamakono // Sayansi, teknoloji ndi maphunziro, 2016 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/rol-azotnyh-udobreniy-v-sovremennom-selskom-hozyaystve