Zamkatimu
Nostalgia, kapena chifukwa chiyani chisangalalo sichimakupangitsani kukhala osasangalala
Psychology
Nostalgia, pakali pano 'mu mafashoni', imatipangitsa kuti tizilumikizana ndi zomwe takumana nazo ndikuphunzira kuchokera ku zomwe takumana nazo
Mu mutu wa dystopian 'Black Mirror' otsogolera ake amakhala ndi phwando lamuyaya la makumi asanu ndi atatu, momwe aliyense amasangalala ngati kulibe mawa. Kenako mumazindikira zomwe zimachitika (pepani chifukwa cha matumbo): omwe alipo ndi anthu omwe amasankha kulumikizana ndikukhala m'dziko laling'ono, 'San Junipero', mzinda womwe udapangidwa kudzera mumsewu. nostalgia chifukwa cha unyamata wake.
Tikukhala m’nthaŵi imene chikhumbo chachikulu chikuwonjezereka, monga ngati kuti ndi mafashoni. Zovala zazifupi ndi zowongoka za 90s, makaseti ndi ma vinyls, mndandanda wa ana omwe amathetsa zinsinsi m'zaka za m'ma 80 okhala ndi zisoti ndi njinga abwerera, ndipo ngakhale mullets abwerera! Ngati kale anali okondana omwe adafuulira kumwamba kuti zakale zinali zabwinoko, tsopano zosoweka zimachokera pakukonzanso nthawi zomwe ambiri sanakhalepo ndipo adangokumana nazo kudzera m'mafilimu ndi mabuku. Panthawi yomwe timalakalaka kuvina pang'ono osadandaula za chigoba kapena mtunda wocheza, chisangalalo, kumverera, komanso mwa zina zochitika zapadziko lonse, zimapanga zomwe tili nazo.
Zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano ndizoti pali ena omwe amati tikukhala mu 'retro-modernity'. Diego S. Garrocho, filosofi, pulofesa wa Ethics ku Autonomous University of Madrid komanso wolemba 'Sobre la nostalgia' (Alianza Ensayo), akutsimikizira kuti pali makampani odziwika bwino omwe amangokhalira kuganiza, zithunzi, nkhani ndi mapangidwe akale. akuwoneka kuti akufuna kutiteteza ku tsogolo lowopsa.
Ngakhale kuti mawu akuti 'nostalgia' anapangidwa mu 1688, tikukamba za malingaliro omwe, Garrocho akutsimikizira kuti, "sikuyankha ku chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe koma amalembedwa mu mtima wa munthu kuchokera ku chiyambi chathu." Iye akutsutsa kuti, ngati kunja kwa mphuno timaganiza chinachake monga a chidziwitso chosadziwika bwino cha kutaya, mofanana ndi kuphonya chinachake chimene chinalipo, “pali zolembedwa zokwanira za chikhalidwe zokhoza kulilingalira kukhala lingaliro lachilengedwe chonse.”
Tikamalankhula za chikhumbo, timalankhula za kukhumba komwe, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi chisoni kapena chisoni, kumapitirira kuposa. Bárbara Lucendo, katswiri wa zamaganizo ku Centro TAP, akutero nostalgia ndiyothandiza ngati chida cholumikizirana ndi anthu, malingaliro kapena zochitika zakale zimene zinatipatsa chimwemwe ndi kuti, mwa kuzikumbukira, zimatithandiza kuphunzira kwa iwo, kukula ndi kukhwima ponena za zimene tinakumana nazo.
Zoonadi, pali anthu omwe ali ndi nostalgic kuposa ena. Ngakhale ndizovuta kufotokozera zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kukhala nazo chizolowezi chochuluka kapena chochepa cholakalaka, katswiri wa zamaganizo akufotokoza kuti, malinga ndi kufufuza kochuluka m’mbiri yonse ya anthu, “anthu amene nthaŵi zambiri amakhala ndi maganizo osiyidwa amakhala ndi maganizo olakwika ochepa ponena za tanthauzo la moyo, komanso amakhala ndi mwayi wolimbitsa ubwenzi wawo ndi kuyamikira zimene anakumana nazo m’mbuyomo monga mmene amachitira zinthu. mwayi woti tithane ndi zomwe zikuchitika pano. " Komabe, akuti anthu ocheperako amakhala ndi malingaliro ambiri oyipa omwe ali ndi tanthauzo la moyo komanso imfa, ndipo, chifukwa chake, sapereka phindu lochulukirapo kunthawi zam'mbuyomu komanso zothandiza zomwe zingabweretse. zenizeni.
Diego S. Garrocho akutsimikizira kuti "ndizosatsutsika kuti mphuno ndi khalidwe" lomwe limatithandiza kutifotokozera. "Aristotle adanenanso kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lachisokonezo anali okhumudwa chifukwa cha ndulu yakuda kwambiri. Lero, mwachiwonekere, tili kutali ndi kufotokozera moseketsa kwa munthu koma ndikuganiza kuti pali mikhalidwe ndi zokumana nazo zomwe zimatsimikizira mkhalidwe wathu wanostalgic", Akutero.
Pewani mphuno
Nostalgia, mwanjira ina, ndikudzikonzanso tokha kale, koma mosiyana ndi omwe amapeza kukoma kwa zikumbukiro zimenezo, pali omwe amakhala ndi kulemera kwa kusakhoza kuiwala kalikonse, kaya akukonda kapena ayi. «Kuyiwala ndi chinthu chapadera kwambiri chifukwa sichingakopeke. Titha kuyesetsa kukumbukira, koma palibe amene adakwanitsa kupanga njira yomwe imatithandiza kuiwala mwakufuna kwathu, "akufotokoza motero Garrocho. M’njira yofanana ndi imene kukumbukira kungaphunzitsidwe, wanthanthiyo akunena kuti “akanakonda kuti masukulu oiwala zinthu akhalepo.”
Kukhala anthu a nostalgic kumapangitsa kuti tizitha kuzindikira zomwe zikuchitika pano mwanjira inayake. Bárbara Lucendo akufotokoza mbali ziŵiri za mmene chilakolakocho chingamangirire unansi wathu ndi lerolino. Kumbali ina, iye akufotokoza kuti kukhala munthu wanostalgic «kungatanthauze kulakalaka kuti tidzipeze tokha pakati pa kusungulumwa, kutha kwa nthawi yomwe ilipo ndi anthu otizungulira”. Koma, kwina, pali nthawi zina pamene mphuno imakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino, chifukwa imatha kusintha maganizo athu ndikupereka chitetezo chachikulu chamaganizo. "Izi zimatipangitsa kuona zam'mbuyo kukhala gwero lothandiza la kuphunzira pakalipano," akutero.
Nostalgia ikhoza kukhala ndi 'ubwino' kwa ife chifukwa sichiyenera kukhala ndi mbali yoyipa. “Plato anatiuza kale kuti panali mitundu ya ululu wopatsa thanzi ndipo, kuyambira pamenepo, si oŵerengeka okha amene alingalirapo kuti pali mtundu wina wa kusadziŵika bwino umene umapezeka kokha mu chisoni kapena kupsinjika maganizo,” akufotokoza motero Diego S. Garrocho. Ngakhale akuchenjeza kuti sakufuna "kupatsa chiyembekezo kutchuka kulikonse kwanzeru", amatsimikizira kuti, pa nkhani ya nostalgia, chidziwitso chodalirika kwambiri ndicho kubwereranso: "Wokhumudwa amalakalaka nthawi yomwe inachitika koma kukumbukira kumeneko. Zitha kukhala ngati chisonkhezero chamaganizo kuyesa kubwerera kumalo kumene, mwanjira ina kapena ina, ndife.
Melancholy kapena kulakalaka
Melancholy nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati liwu loti kulakalaka. Katswiri wa zamaganizo Bárbara Lucendo akunena kuti ngakhale kuti malingaliro aŵiri ameneŵa amafanana kwambiri, alinso ndi mipangidwe ina yambiri imene imawapangitsa kukhala osiyana. Kusiyana kwakukulu kumodzi ndi mmene zimakhudzira munthu amene wakumana nazo. “Pamenepo kunyong'onyeka kumapangitsa munthu kukhala wosakhutira ndi moyo wake, mphuno ilibe izi, "akutero katswiriyo, yemwe akuwonjezera kuti chidziwitso cha mphuno chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukumbukira kwinakwake pamene kukhumudwa, ndi zotsatira zake, kumachitika mochuluka pakapita nthawi. Kumbali inayi, melancholy imabadwa kuchokera kumalingaliro achisoni ndipo imalumikizidwa ndi zokumana nazo zosasangalatsa, zomwe zimapangitsa munthuyo kukhala wokhumudwa komanso wopanda chidwi, pomwe mphuno imatha kulumikizidwa ndi malingaliro osasangalatsa komanso osangalatsa chifukwa cha kukumbukira zomwe zakhala zikuchitika.
Nostalgia, akutero Diego S. Garrocho, ndizochitika zongopeka: amawona kukumbukira ngati njira yodzitchinjiriza, chifukwa imatiteteza kuzinthu zathu zomwe timakhala nazo ndipo timafunitsitsa kukonzanso masiku apitawo ndi epic komanso ulemu womwe iwo adachita. mwina simukuyenera. Komabe, akunena kuti anthu nthawi zina amafunika kukonzanso zomwe takumana nazo kuti tikwaniritse zomwe tikuyembekezera. "Ndikuganiza kuti masewerawa akhoza kukhala, sindikudziwa ngati ali ndi thanzi, koma ndi ovomerezeka malinga ngati sakudutsa malire ena," akutero.