Malinga ndi World Health Organisation (WHO), ndikunenepa amadziwika ndi "kuchuluka kwamafuta m'thupi kwachilendo kapena kochulukirapo komwe kumatha kukhala kovulaza thanzi".

Kwenikweni, kunenepa kwambiri ndi chifukwa cha kudya kwambiri makilogalamu zokhudzana ndi ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, kwa zaka zingapo.

Kunenepa kwambiri kuyenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri, amenenso ali onenepa kwambiri, koma osafunikira kwenikweni. Kumbali yake, akunenepa kwambiri ndi mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wa kunenepa kwambiri. Zingakhale zovulaza thanzi kotero kuti zingataye zaka 8 mpaka 10 za moyo⁵⁴.

Dziwani kunenepa kwambiri

Sitingadalire kokha pa kulemera munthu kudziwa ngati ali onenepa kapena onenepa. Njira zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka chidziwitso chowonjezera komanso kulosera momwe kunenepa kungakhudzire thanzi.

• Body mass index (BMI). Malinga ndi WHO, ichi ndiye chida chothandiza kwambiri, ngakhale choyerekeza, choyezera kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri mwa anthu akuluakulu. Mlozerawu umawerengedwa pogawa kulemera kwake (kg) ndi kukula kwake (m²). Timalankhula za kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri pamene kuli pakati pa 25 ndi 29,9; onenepa pamene ofanana kapena kupitirira 30; ndi kunenepa kwambiri ngati kuli kofanana kapena kupitirira 40. The kulemera kwathanzi ikufanana ndi BMI pakati pa 18,5 ndi 25. Dinani apa kuti muwerengere chiwerengero chanu cha misala (BMI).

  ndemanga

  - Choyipa chachikulu cha chida choyezera ichi ndikuti sichipereka chidziwitso chilichonse chokhudza kugawa nkhokwe zamafuta. Komabe, mafuta akakhala ochuluka kwambiri m’chigawo cha mimba, chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga ndi matenda a mtima ndi chachikulu kuposa ngati chimakhazikika m’chiuno ndi m’ntchafu, mwachitsanzo.

  - Kuphatikiza apo, BMI sichimapangitsa kusiyanitsa pakati pa kuchuluka kwa os, minofu (misala) ndi Mafuta (mafuta ochepa). Chifukwa chake, BMI ndiyabwino kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mafupa akulu kapena omanga minofu, monga othamanga ndi omanga thupi;

• M'chiuno. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera pa BMI, amatha kuzindikira mafuta ochulukirapo m'mimba. Ndi pafupikunenepa kwambiri m'mimba pamene chiuno circumference ndi wamkulu kuposa 88 cm (34,5 mu) akazi ndi 102 cm (40 mu) amuna. Pankhaniyi, chiopsezo cha thanzi (shuga, matenda oopsa, dyslipidemia, matenda amtima ndi zina zotero) chikuwonjezeka kwambiri. Dinani apa kuti mudziwe momwe mungayesere m'chiuno mwanu.
• Chiyerekezo cha waistline / chiuno chozungulira. Kuyeza uku kumapereka lingaliro lolondola kwambiri la kugawa kwamafuta m'thupi. Chiŵerengerocho chimaonedwa kuti ndichokwera pamene zotsatira zake ndi zazikulu kuposa 1 kwa amuna, ndi zazikulu kuposa 0,85 za amayi.

Ofufuza akuyesetsa kupanga zida zatsopano zoyezera mafuta ochulukirapo. Mmodzi wa iwo, adayitana mafuta mass index ou IMA, imatengera kuyeza kwa ntchafu ndi kutalika kwake¹⁶. Komabe, sichinatsimikizidwebe ndipo sichikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala pakali pano.

Kuwunika kukhalapo kwa zinthu zomwe zingayambitse matenda, a kuyesa magazi (makamaka mbiri ya lipid) imapereka chidziwitso chofunikira kwa dokotala.

Kunenepa mu manambala

Chiwerengero cha anthu onenepa chawonjezeka pazaka 30 zapitazi. Malinga ndi World Health Organization (WHO), kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwachuluka ziwerengero za mliri Padziko lonse lapansi. Kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera kwapakati kumawonedwa m'magulu onse azaka, m'magulu onse azachuma¹.

Nazi zina.

• Mu Monde, akuluakulu 1,5 biliyoni azaka 20 ndi kupitirira apo ndi onenepa kwambiri, ndipo pafupifupi 500 miliyoni mwa iwo ndi onenepa kwambiri.^2,3. Mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene sasiya;
• Au Canada, malinga ndi deta yaposachedwa, 36% ya akuluakulu ndi onenepa kwambiri (BMI> 25) ndipo 25% ndi onenepa kwambiri (BMI> 30)⁵ ;
• Kuti United States, pafupifupi munthu mmodzi pa anthu atatu alionse azaka zapakati pa 20 ndi kupitirira apo ndi onenepa ndipo wina pa atatu alionse ndi onenepa kwambiri⁴⁹ ;
• En France, pafupifupi 15 peresenti ya anthu achikulire ndi onenepa kwambiri, ndipo pafupifupi munthu mmodzi pa atatu alionse ndi onenepa kwambiri⁵⁰.

Zoyambitsa zingapo

Tikamayesetsa kumvetsa chifukwa chake kunenepa kwambiri kwafala kwambiri, timapeza kuti zomwe zimayambitsa zimakhala zambiri ndipo sizikhazikika pa munthu payekha. Boma, ma municipalities, masukulu, gawo lazakudya zaulimi, ndi zina zotero, ali ndi udindo pakupanga malo odyetserako mafuta.

Timagwiritsa ntchito mawuwo malo obesogenic kufotokoza malo okhala omwe amathandizira kunenepa:

• kupezeka kwa zakudya zambiri udzu. At mchere ndi shuga, caloric kwambiri komanso osapatsa thanzi (zakudya zopanda pake);
• njira ya moyo wokhala pansi et zopsinja ;
• malo okhala osathandiza kwambiri mayendedwe achangu (kuyenda, kupalasa njinga).

Malo otchedwa obesogenic awa akhala chizolowezi m'mayiko angapo otukuka ndipo amapezeka m'mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene pamene anthu amatengera moyo wa azungu.

Anthu omwe chibadwa chawo chimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kunenepa amakhala okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chilengedwe cha obesogenic. Komabe, kutengeka kokhudzana ndi majini sikungabweretse kunenepa kokha. Mwachitsanzo, 80% ya Amwenye a Pima ku Arizona masiku ano amadwala kunenepa kwambiri. Komabe, pamene anatsatira njira yachikhalidwe, kunenepa kunali kosowa.

Zotsatira

Kunenepa kwambiri kungawonjezere chiopsezo cha anthu ambiri matenda osachiritsika. Mavuto azaumoyo angayambe kuonekera pambuyo pa zaka pafupifupi 10 kulemera kwakukulu⁷.

Ngozi kwambiri kuwonjezeka¹ :

• Type 2 shuga mellitus (90% ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtunduwu amakhala ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri³);
• matenda oopsa;
• ndulu ndi zovuta zina za ndulu;
• dyslipidemia (kuchepa kwa lipid m'magazi);
• kupuma movutikira ndi thukuta;
• kugona tulo.

Ngozi kuchuluka kwapakatikati :

• matenda a mtima: matenda a mtsempha wamagazi, ngozi za cerebrovascular (stroke), kulephera kwa mtima, kugunda kwamtima;
• osteoarthritis wa bondo;
• wa gout.

Ngozi kuchuluka pang'ono :

• khansa zina: khansa yodalira mahomoni (mwa amayi, khansa ya endometrium, m'mawere, ovary, khomo lachiberekero; mwa amuna, khansa ya prostate) ndi khansa yokhudzana ndi kugaya chakudya (khansa ya m'matumbo, ndulu, kapamba, chiwindi, impso);
• kuchepa kwa chonde, mwa amuna ndi akazi;
• matenda a dementia, kupweteka kwa msana, phlebitis ndi matenda a reflux a gastroesophageal.

Momwe mafuta amagawidwira pathupi, m'mimba kapena m'chiuno, amathandizira kwambiri pakuwoneka kwa matenda. Kuchulukana kwamafuta m'mimba, momwe zimakhaliraandroid kunenepa kwambiri, ndizowopsa kwambiri kuposa kugawa kofananira (kunenepa kwambiri kwa gynoid). Amuna amakhala ndi mafuta am'mimba kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa amayi omwe ali ndi premenopausal¹.

Chodetsa nkhawa, ena mwa matenda osachiritsika, monga matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2, tsopano akuchitika m'thupiunyamata, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa achinyamata onenepa kwambiri komanso onenepa kwambiri.

Anthu onenepa amakhala ndi moyo wosauka okalamba⁹ ndi nthawi ya moyo Wamfupi kuposa anthu omwe ali ndi thupi labwino^9-11 . Komanso, akatswiri a zaumoyo amaneneratu kuti achinyamata amakono adzakhala mbadwo woyamba wa ana amene zaka za moyo wawo sizidzapitirira za makolo awo, makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kaŵirikaŵiri kwa ana.kunenepa wakhanda⁵¹.

Pomaliza, kunenepa kwambiri kumatha kukhala cholemetsa chamalingaliro. Anthu ena adzadzimva kukhala osakhudzidwa ndi anthu chifukwa cha miyezo ya kukongola zoperekedwa ndi makampani opanga mafashoni ndi ma TV. Poyang’anizana ndi vuto la kutaya kunenepa kwawo mopambanitsa, ena adzakumana ndi kupsinjika mtima kwakukulu kapena nkhaŵa, zimene zingafikire ku kupsinjika maganizo.