“Zomwe zili zabwino padziko lapansi ndi zabwino kwa ife,” akutero akatswiri olinganiza mizinda. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi kampani yapadziko lonse ya Arup, mizinda yobiriwira ndi yotetezeka, anthu amakhala athanzi, ndipo moyo wawo wonse ndi wapamwamba.
Kafukufuku wazaka 17 wochokera ku yunivesite ya Exeter ku UK adapeza kuti anthu omwe amakhala m'madera obiriwira kapena m'madera obiriwira a mizinda sakhala ndi matenda a maganizo ndipo amakhutira kwambiri ndi moyo wawo. Mfundo yomweyi ikuthandizidwa ndi kafukufuku wina wakale: odwala omwe achitidwa opaleshoni amachira msanga ngati mawindo a chipinda chawo akuyang'ana pakiyo.
Thanzi la maganizo ndi zikhoterero zaukali n’zogwirizana kwambiri, n’chifukwa chake mizinda yobiriwira yasonyezedwanso kuti ili ndi upandu, chiwawa, ndi ngozi zagalimoto zochepa. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti nthawi yoyenda ndi kulankhulana ndi chilengedwe, kaya ndikuyenda paki kapena kukwera njinga pambuyo pa ntchito, kumathandiza munthu kulimbana ndi maganizo oipa ndikumupangitsa kuti asamangokhalira kukangana.
Kuphatikiza pa zotsatira zabwino za thanzi labwino la maganizo, malo obiriwira ali ndi chinthu china chosangalatsa: amalimbikitsa munthu kuyenda kwambiri, kuthamanga m'mawa, kukwera njinga, ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kumathandiza kuti anthu azikhala ndi thanzi labwino. Mwachitsanzo, ku Copenhagen, pomanga misewu yanjinga yanjinga yapanjinga mu mzinda wonsewo ndipo, monga chotulukapo chake, kuwongolera mkhalidwe wa thanzi la anthu, kunali kotheka kuchepetsa ndalama zachipatala ndi madola 12 miliyoni.
Kukulitsa unyolo womveka uwu, titha kuganiza kuti zokolola zantchito za anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino m'maganizo ndi mwakuthupi ndizokwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi moyo wabwino. Zatsimikiziridwa, mwachitsanzo, kuti ngati muyika zomera muofesi, ndiye kuti zokolola za antchito zidzawonjezeka ndi 15%. Chodabwitsa ichi chikufotokozedwa ndi chiphunzitso cha kubwezeretsedwa kwa chidwi chomwe chinaperekedwa m'zaka za m'ma 90 zapitazo ndi asayansi aku America Rachel ndi Stephen Kaplan. Chofunika kwambiri cha chiphunzitsochi ndi chakuti kulankhulana ndi chilengedwe kumathandiza kuthetsa kutopa kwamaganizo, kuonjezera mlingo wa ndende ndi zilandiridwenso. Mayesero awonetsa kuti ulendo wopita ku chilengedwe kwa masiku angapo ukhoza kuonjezera luso la munthu kuthetsa ntchito zomwe sizili zoyenera ndi 50%, ndipo ichi ndi chimodzi mwa makhalidwe omwe amafunidwa kwambiri masiku ano.
Umisiri wamakono umatilola kupita patsogolo ndikuwongolera osati kokha mkhalidwe wa munthu ndi gulu lonse, komanso kupanga mizinda kukhala yabwino kwambiri zachilengedwe. Zatsopano zomwe zikukambidwazo zikukhudza kwambiri kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi madzi, kuwongolera mphamvu zamagetsi, kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon ndi kubwezeretsanso zinyalala.
Chifukwa chake, "ma grids anzeru" tsopano akupanga mwachangu, zomwe zimalola kuyang'anira kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi malinga ndi zosowa zapano, zomwe zimawonjezera magwiridwe antchito ndikuletsa ntchito yopanda pake ya ma jenereta. Kuphatikiza apo, maukonde oterowo amatha kulumikizidwa nthawi imodzi ndi okhazikika (ma grids amagetsi) komanso osakhalitsa (ma solar solar, ma jenereta amphepo) magwero amphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi wopeza mphamvu mosasunthika, kukulitsa kuthekera kwazinthu zongowonjezwdwa.
Chinthu chinanso cholimbikitsa ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto omwe amayendera pa biofuel kapena magetsi. Magalimoto amagetsi a Tesla ayamba kale kugonjetsa msika, kotero ndizotheka kunena kuti m'zaka makumi angapo zidzatheka kuchepetsa kwambiri mpweya wa carbon dioxide mumlengalenga.
Chidziwitso china chokhudza zoyendetsa, zomwe, ngakhale kuti ndizosangalatsa, zilipo kale, ndi dongosolo la kayendetsedwe ka anthu. Magalimoto ang'onoang'ono amagetsi oyenda m'mayendedwe omwe aperekedwa kwa iwo amatha kunyamula gulu la okwera kuchoka pamalo A kupita kumalo B nthawi iliyonse osayima. Dongosololi ndi lokhazikika, okwera amangowonetsa komwe akupita ku navigation system - ndipo amasangalala ndi ulendo wokonda zachilengedwe. Malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi, kuyenda kumakonzedwa ku London Heathrow Airport, m'mizinda ina ya South Korea komanso ku yunivesite ya West Virginia ku USA.
Zatsopanozi zimafuna ndalama zambiri, koma kuthekera kwawo ndikwambiri. Palinso zitsanzo za njira zopezera bajeti zomwe zimachepetsanso kulemetsa kwa mizinda pa chilengedwe. Nazi zochepa chabe mwa izo:
- Mzinda wa Los Angeles unasintha magetsi a mumsewu pafupifupi 209 ndi mababu osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, zomwe zinachititsa kuti mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zichepetse ndi 40% komanso kuchepetsa matani 40 a carbon dioxide. Zotsatira zake, mzindawu umapulumutsa $10 miliyoni pachaka.
- Ku Paris, m'miyezi iwiri yokha ya kubwereketsa njinga, malo omwe anali mumzinda wonse, anthu pafupifupi 100 adayamba kuyenda makilomita oposa 300 tsiku lililonse. Kodi mungaganizire mmene zimenezi zidzakhudzira thanzi la anthu ndi chilengedwe?
- Ku Freiburg, Germany, 25% ya mphamvu zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ndi mabizinesi amzindawu zimapangidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinyalala ndi zinyalala. Mzindawu umadziyika ngati "mzinda wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zina" ndipo ukugwira ntchito mwakhama popanga mphamvu zoyendera dzuwa.
Zitsanzo zonsezi ndizoposa zolimbikitsa. Amatsimikizira kuti umunthu uli ndi nzeru ndi luso lofunikira kuti lichepetse kuwononga chilengedwe, komanso kuti likhale ndi thanzi labwino m'maganizo ndi thupi. Zinthu ndi zazing'ono - sinthani mawu kupita ku zochita!