Zamkatimu
Mitundu yambiri ya bowa wa oyisitara ndi wamba, elm, yokutidwa, mapapo ndi autumn. Mitundu yonseyi ili ndi zinthu zapadera, chifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pophika komanso m'makampani opanga mankhwala. Chifukwa cha ubwino wa bowa wa oyster, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama pokonzekera mbale zosiyanasiyana, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera mankhwala malinga ndi maphikidwe a mankhwala ochiritsira mabala ndi kuchotsa poizoni.
M'nyengo yozizira, bowawa amakonda kuzizira komanso kukhala wolimba. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, n'zosavuta kuwamenya ndi ndodo. Ubwino wa bowa wa oyisitara yozizira umadalira siteji yomwe bowa anali ndi kutsika kwakukulu kwa kutentha. Ngati frosts anali oyambirira, ndiye iwo akhoza amaundana mu achinyamata mawonekedwe. Pakachitika nyengo zingapo yozizira, bowa amatha kutha. Makhalidwe othandiza amasungidwa m'nyengo yozizira.
Muphunzira za momwe bowa wa oyster amawonekera komanso zomwe ali nazo patsamba lino.
Kufotokozera za bowa wa oyisitara
Chipewa cha bowa wamba wa oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus) chili ndi mainchesi 4-12 cm. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi oyster, oval kapena mawonekedwe ozungulira a kapu, imvi-bulauni, kirimu-bulauni mumtundu wokhala ndi gawo lapakati lakuda. Maziko a matupi a fruiting amasakanikirana.
Mu mtundu uwu wa bowa wa oyisitara, tsinde lake ndi lalifupi, lopezeka mwa asymmetrically, nthawi zambiri kumbali ya kapu, limakhala ndi kutalika kwa 2-7 cm ndi makulidwe a 10-25 mm. Tsinde lili ndi mtundu wofanana ndi chipewa ndipo lili pambali pa chipewacho.
Zamkati: woonda, wandiweyani, woyera, ndi kukoma kokoma ndi fungo.
Mambale amatsatira, akutsika pa tsinde, pafupipafupi, kirimu kapena kuwala chikasu mu mtundu.
Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku bulauni kupita ku bulauni-imvi.
Mitundu yofananira. Maonekedwe, bowa wamba wa oyster ndi wofanana ndi bowa wa m'mapapo (Pleurotus pulmonarius), womwe umasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wake wa kirimu ndi kapu yooneka ngati khutu.
Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zovulaza: mtundu uwu ali ndi zabwino katundu wa otsika kudzikundikira zitsulo zolemera.
Kukwanira: bowa wamba wa oyisitara ali ndi zakudya zambiri zopatsa thanzi, zimatha kuwiritsa ndi zokazinga, zamzitini.
Zodyera, 2 ndi 3 magulu - mu nthawi yophukira ndi 3 ndi 4 magulu - m'nyengo yozizira.
Bowa wa Oyster kumapeto kwa Novembala ndi koyambirira kwa Disembala amawonekerabe. Kumapeto kwa dzinja ndi chiyambi cha kasupe, amasintha, amapeza mtundu wachikasu-bulauni.
Malo okhala: nkhalango zowirira ndi zosakanikirana, pamitengo yolimba yovunda, imakula m’magulu ndi magulu.
Nyengo: Kukula kwakukulu - kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembala, kuyambira Novembala ndi m'nyengo yozizira, kukula kumasiya. M'nyengo yozizira, chikhalidwe cha bowa wa oyisitara pamitengo chimadalira siteji yomwe chisanu chinawagwira komanso nyengo yomwe isanayambike kutentha koipa. Ngati, pofika chisanu, mitengoyo yafika pa kukula kwake ndipo imakhala yowuma pang'ono, ndiye kuti m'nyengo yozizira imawuma pang'ono ndikupachika pamitengo mu chisanu mumtundu wokhazikika, pamene imatha kudulidwa.
Ngati nyengo yachisanu ikuyamba chisanu, ndiye kuti bowa amaundana ndikukhala wolimba, "magalasi". Zikatere, sangadulidwe thunthu, koma akhoza kumenyedwa ndi ndodo kapena kuzulidwa ndi mpeni. Kugwiritsa ntchito nkhwangwa sikuloledwa kupewa kuwononga mitengo.
Apa mutha kuwona chithunzi cha bowa wa oyster wamtundu wamba, kufotokozera komwe kwaperekedwa pamwambapa:
Kodi bowa wa oyster amawoneka bwanji (ndi chithunzi)
Elm lyophyllum, kapena bowa wa oyster ( Lyophyllum ulmarium ) ndi osowa kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira. Ndipotu, amadyedwa mofanana ndi bowa wamba wa oyster, koma ndizovuta kupeza chifukwa cha malo awo apamwamba pamitengo yamitengo.
M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri amakhala pamapiri a oak, nthawi zambiri pamtunda wa mita imodzi ndi theka. Mkhalidwe wawo wakunja umadalira nthawi yomwe chisanu chinawagwira. Ngati nyengo sinanyowe poyambira kutentha koyipa, ndipo bowa wa oyisitara adafika pakukula kwawo, ndiye kuti amakhalabe nthawi yonse yozizira. Mu thaw, amatha kuzimiririka, m'mphepete mwake amatha kukhala opindika kwambiri, ndipo bowa pawokha amasanduka bulauni mpaka bulauni-wakuda ndikuzimiririka.
Bowawa ayenera kusonkhanitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira kapena kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, koma osaloledwa kuti asungunuke, akatha, amagwa ngati masamba akale.
Bowawa ndiye wamkulu kwambiri pakati pa bowa wodyera nthawi yachisanu, wokhala ndi mainchesi 10-20 cm.
Malo okhala: nkhalango zodula, mapaki, pazitsa ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya oak, elm, elm ndi mitengo ina yophukira, payokha kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.
Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 5-15 cm, nthawi zina mpaka 20 cm, poyambira otukukira, kenako amagwada.
Monga mukuwonera pachithunzichi, chosiyana cha mtundu uwu wa bowa wa oyster ndi mtundu wokongola kwambiri wa kapu, ngati wa mpendadzuwa - dzuwa, lachikasu-bulauni, pamwamba pa kapu ndi chikopa, chowoneka bwino ndi madzi. malo:
Pofika m'nyengo yozizira, pamwamba pa kapu imakhala yachikasu-chikasu ndipo mawanga sakuwonekeranso. Bowa akamakula pamtengo, nthawi zambiri pa chitsa, amatha kukhala ndi miyendo yofananira. Mphepete za kapu ndi zopindika, zimakhala zopindika. Mtundu wa m'mphepete ndi wopepuka pang'ono kuposa gawo lalikulu la kapu. M'nyengo yozizira, mtundu umasintha kukhala udzu wachikasu. Zitsanzo zakale zimadetsedwa, zimakhala zakuda-bulauni kapena zofiirira-bulauni.
Mwendo wa 4-10 cm wamtali, 7-15 mm wokhuthala, zonona zoyera poyamba, pambuyo pake chikasu ndi bulauni. Maziko a miyendo nthawi zambiri amasakanikirana.
Zamkati ndi zofewa, zotuwa-zofiirira, zokhala ndi kukoma pang'ono, pafupifupi zopanda fungo.
Mabalawa ndi otakata, omatira, poyamba oyera, pambuyo pake amakhala obiriwira komanso ofiirira.
Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera kuchikasu-golide mpaka bulauni wakuda.
Mitundu yofananira. M'dzinja, chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu ndi mtundu wa dzuwa ndi mawanga amadzi, elm lyophyllum ndizovuta kusokoneza ndi mitundu ina. M'dzinja, bowa uwu ukhoza kusokonezeka mu maonekedwe ndi mzere wochuluka, womwe umasiyana makamaka ndi malo ake - pansi, koma osati pamitengo. M'nyengo yozizira, ilibe mitundu yofanana.
Njira zophikira: yophika, yokazinga, mchere pambuyo kuwira koyambirira kwa mphindi 15-20.
Zodyera, gulu la 4.
Onani momwe bowa wa oyster amawonekera pazithunzi izi:
Bowa wa autumn oyster: chithunzi ndi kufotokozera
Malo okhala bowa wa autumn oyster (Pleurotus salignus): popula, lindens; kukula m'magulu.
Nyengo: bowa wa autumn oyster amakula mu Seputembala - Novembala mpaka chipale chofewa choyamba, kenako amaundana mpaka masika, popanda thaws m'nyengo yozizira, amasungidwa bwino masika.
Chipewa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa wa oyster chili ndi mainchesi 4-8, nthawi zina mpaka 12 cm. Matupi onse okhala ndi zipatso amakula kuchokera pamunsi womwewo.
Phesi ndi lalifupi, losaoneka bwino, nthawi zambiri kumbali ya kapu, ndi 2-5 cm wamtali ndi 10-40 mm wandiweyani, pubescent. Mtundu wa miyendo ndi kirimu kapena woyera-chikasu.
Zamkati: woonda, wandiweyani, woyera, ndi kukoma kokoma ndi fungo.
Monga momwe chithunzichi chikusonyezera, mbale za bowa za oyster zimatsatira, zimatsikira pa tsinde, kawirikawiri, zonona kapena zachikasu zowala:
Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku imvi-bulauni kupita ku bulauni wakuda.
Mitundu yofananira. Bowa wa autumn oyster ndi wofanana ndi bowa wa oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus), koma ali ndi mtundu wakuda kwambiri wokhala ndi bulauni woderapo.
Njira zophikira: bowa akhoza yophika ndi yokazinga, zamzitini.
Zodyera, gulu la 4.
Kenako, mupeza mitundu ina ya bowa wa oyisitara.
Kodi bowa wa oyster amawoneka bwanji?
Malo a bowa wa oyisitara (Pleurotus calyptratus): nkhuni zowola - birch, aspen, oak, nthawi zambiri - pazitsa ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali - spruce ndi fir, zimamera m'magulu.
Nyengo: April - September.
Chipewa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa wa oyster chili ndi mainchesi 4-10, nthawi zina mpaka 12 cm. ndi ma radial fibers.
Samalani chithunzicho - mwendo wa bowa wosiyanasiyana wa oyster mwina ndi waufupi kwambiri, wokhala ndi asymmetrically, kapena ayi:
Zamkati: woonda, wandiweyani, woyera, ndi kukoma kokoma ndi fungo.
Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, poyamba oyera, pafupipafupi, kenako kirimu kapena chikasu chowala.
Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku kirimu kupita ku bulauni ndi imvi.
Mitundu yofananira. Bowa wa oyster wophimbidwa ndi wofanana ndi bowa wa oyster (Pleurotus pulmonarius), womwe umasiyanitsidwa ndi chipewa chake cha bulauni komanso kupezeka kwa tsinde.
Njira zophikira: bowa akhoza yophika, yokazinga, zamzitini.
Kufotokozera za bowa wa oyisitara
Malo a bowa wa oyster (Pleurotus pulmonarius): nkhuni zowola - birch, aspen, oak, kawirikawiri - pazitsa ndi nkhuni zakufa - spruce ndi fir, zimakula m'magulu.
Nyengo: April - September
Chipewa chimakhala ndi mainchesi 4-10, nthawi zina mpaka 16 cm. M'mphepete mwa kapu ndi woonda, nthawi zambiri wosweka. Mtundu wapakati pa kapu nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi utoto wofiirira, pomwe m'mphepete mwake, m'malo mwake, ndi opepuka, achikasu.
Monga tikuwonera pachithunzichi, m'mphepete mwa kapu ya bowa wa oyster wamtunduwu ndi wobiriwira ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira:
Tsinde lake ndi lalifupi, lokhala ndi asymmetrically, nthawi zambiri kumbali ya kapu, ndi 1-3 cm wamtali ndi 6-15 mm wandiweyani. Mwendo uli ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical, oyera, olimba, opunduka.
Zamkati: woonda, wandiweyani, woyera, ndi kukoma kokoma ndi fungo.
Mabalawa amatsatira, akutsika pa tsinde, poyamba oyera, pafupipafupi, kenako kirimu kapena chikasu chowala.
Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku zoyera ndi zachikasu zoyera mpaka zonona ndi zofiirira zachikasu.
Mitundu yofananira. Bowa wa oyster wa m'mapapo ndi wofanana ndi bowa wamba (Pleurotus ostreatus), womwe umasiyanitsidwa ndi chipewa cha bluish-gray mu zitsanzo zazing'ono komanso chipewa chotuwa cha buluu mu bowa wokhwima.
Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zovulaza: mtundu uwu ali ndi zabwino katundu wa otsika kudzikundikira zitsulo zolemera.
Njira zophikira: zamzitini.
Njira zophikira: wiritsani ndi mwachangu, sungani.
Zodyera, gulu lachitatu
Zithunzi izi zikuwonetsa bowa wa oyster amitundu yosiyanasiyana, zomwe zafotokozedwa patsamba lino:
Ubwino wa bowa wa oyster ndi chiyani
Bowa wa oyster ali ndi katundu wapadera - pantry yapadera yokhala ndi mchere wamchere wamchere ndi zinthu zina zofunika kwa munthu.
Amakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri: A, C, D, E, B1, B2, B6, B12, komanso 18 amino acid ofunika kwa anthu.
Komanso, zopindulitsa za bowa wa oyster ndi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa amylase ndi lipase enzymes, zomwe zimathandizira kuwonongeka kwa mafuta, fiber ndi glycogen.
Mulinso ma unsaturated zofunika zidulo zofunika, ndi angapo biologically yogwira zinthu zimene zimathandiza kuchepetsa mafuta m'thupi ndi kukhala anti-sclerotic zotsatira.
Bowa wa oyster ndiwothandiza kwambiri kwa thupi la munthu, chifukwa ndiwothandiza kwambiri pochiza matenda am'mimba. Kuti muchite izi, tengani madzi a bowa atsopano pamimba yopanda kanthu. Nthawi yomweyo, gastritis ndi zilonda zam'mimba zimatha kuchiritsidwa. Zina zothandiza za bowa wa oyster ndi izi:
- iwo amawongolera matumbo motility;
- amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zilonda ndi zilonda;
- kukhala ndi hemostatic, emollient ndi enveloping properties;
- kulimbikitsa kuchotsa poizoni, ziphe, poizoni;
- ndi sorbent;
- ndizofunikira kwambiri pazakudya zotsutsana ndi cholesterol, zimathandizira kuchepetsa mafuta m'magazi, omwe ndi ofunikira kwambiri pamitsempha yamtima komanso kufalikira kwa magazi;
- Kulowetsedwa kwa bowa wa oyster kumagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha neurosis, chifukwa cha izi, bowa watsopano wodulidwa bwino mu kuchuluka kwa supuni 3 amatsanuliridwa ndi theka la lita imodzi ya vinyo wofiira, mwachitsanzo, Cahors, ndikulowetsedwa kwa sabata, kulowetsedwa kwake kumaledzera supuni 2 kale. nthawi yogona;
- ali ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi antioxidant ntchito, chifukwa chake, ukalamba wa thupi umachepetsedwa; ali ndi zinthu zomwe zimalimbikitsa kutuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi, komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha atherosclerosis;
- kuphatikiza bowa wa oyisitara mu zakudya kumachepetsa kwambiri mwayi wa khansa;
- sonyeza lonjezo la kuchiza malungo a kumalo otentha.
- Ubwino wa bowa wa oyster kwa anthu ndikuti ali ndi antibacterial zochita zambiri.
