Chikhatho cha dzanja chimapanga malo omwe ali mkati mwa dzanja ndipo amalola kugwira.

Udindo. Chikhatho cha dzanja chimakhala mkati mwa dzanja, pakati pa dzanja ndi zala (1).

Kapangidwe kabwino. Chikhatho cha dzanjacho chimapangidwa ndi pastern, chopangidwa ndi mafupa asanu aatali omwe amaikidwa m'mbali ya chala chilichonse (2).

Kapangidwe ka minofu. Dzanja lamanja lapangidwa (1):

• mitsempha;
• minyewa yamkati ya dzanja, yomwe ndi yopambana ndi ya hypothenar, lumbricals, interossei, komanso minofu ya adductor ya chala chachikulu;
• tendons kuchokera ku minofu ya anterior compartment ya forearm;
• palmar aponeurosis.

Envelopu. Chikhatho chadzanjacho chimakutidwa ndi khungu lokhuthala. Yotsirizirayi ilibe tsitsi ndipo imakhala ndi zotupa za thukuta zambiri. Zimadziwikanso ndi makwinya atatu akuya otchedwa "palmar flexion folds".

Innervation ndi vascularization. Chikhatho cha dzanja sichimatetezedwa ndi mitsempha yapakati ndi yam'mimba (3). Magazi amaperekedwa ndi mitsempha ya radial ndi ulnar.

Ntchito zambiri. Chikhatho cha dzanja chimakhala ndi mphamvu zomveka zomwe zimalola kupeza zambiri zakunja (4).

Ntchito yophatikizika. Chikhatho cha dzanja chimalola kugwira, komwe kumapanga magawo omwe amalola kugwira (4).

Maudindo ena. Chikhatho cha dzanja chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pofotokoza kapena kudyetsa (4).

Mavuto osiyanasiyana amatha kuchitika m'manja. Zomwe zimayambitsa ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo zimatha kukhala za fupa, zamanjenje, zaminyewa kapena zoyambira.

Matenda a mafupa. Mafupa a m'manja amatha kusweka koma amathanso kudwala matenda ena a mafupa. Mwachitsanzo, osteoporosis ndi kuchepa kwa mafupa omwe amapezeka mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 60. Imakulitsa kufooka kwa mafupa komanso kumalimbikitsa mabilu (5).

Mitsempha pathologies. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitsempha imatha kukhudza chikhatho cha dzanja, mwachitsanzo matenda a carpal tunnel amatanthauza kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha yapakatikati pamlingo wa ngalande ya carpal, makamaka pamlingo wa dzanja. Zimawonekera ngati kugwedeza kwa zala ndi kutaya mphamvu kwa minofu, makamaka m'manja (6).

Matenda a minofu ndi tendon. Palmu ikhoza kukhudzidwa ndi matenda a musculoskeletal, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi matenda a ntchito ndipo amapezeka panthawi yowonjezereka, kubwerezabwereza kapena kupsinjika kwadzidzidzi pa mwendo.

Ma pathologies ogwirizana. Chikhatho cha dzanja chikhoza kukhala malo ogwirizanitsa zinthu monga nyamakazi, kusonkhanitsa pamodzi zowawa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ziwalo, mitsempha, tendons kapena mafupa. Nyamakazi ya osteoarthritis ndi yofala kwambiri ya nyamakazi ndipo imadziwika ndi kung'ambika ndi kung'ambika kwa cartilage kuteteza mafupa m'malo olumikizirana mafupa. Mafupa a kanjedza amathanso kukhudzidwa ndi kutupa kwa nyamakazi ya nyamakazi (7).

Kupewa kugwedezeka ndi kupweteka m'manja mwa dzanja. Pofuna kuchepetsa kusweka ndi kusokonezeka kwa minofu ndi mafupa, kupewa povala chitetezo kapena kuphunzira manja oyenera ndikofunikira.

Symptomatic mankhwala. Pofuna kuchepetsa kukhumudwa, mutuwo ukhoza kuvala plint usiku. Izi zikulimbikitsidwa, mwachitsanzo, pankhani ya matenda a carpal tunnel.

Chithandizo cha mafupa. Kutengera mtundu wa fracture, kukhazikitsa pulasitala kapena utomoni kudzachitika kuti immobilize kanjedza.

Mankhwala. Kutengera ndi matenda omwe amapezeka, mankhwala osiyanasiyana amaperekedwa kuti aziwongolera kapena kulimbitsa mafupa. Mankhwala ena amathanso kuperekedwa kuti achepetse minyewa.

Chithandizo cha opaleshoni. Kutengera ndi ma pathology omwe amapezeka komanso kusinthika kwake, opaleshoni ikhoza kuchitidwa.

Kufufuza mwakuthupi. Choyamba, kuyezetsa kwachipatala kumachitika kuti muwone ndikuwunika zomverera ndi zamagalimoto zomwe wodwalayo amaziwona m'manja.

Kuwunika kwa zithunzi zachipatala. Kuwunika kwachipatala nthawi zambiri kumathandizidwa ndi x-ray. Nthawi zina, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito MRI kapena CT scan kuti awone ndi kuzindikira zotupa. Scintigraphy kapena ngakhale fupa densitometry angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyesa mafupa pathologies.

Kufufuza kwa Electrophysiological. Electromyogram imapangitsa kuti zitheke kuphunzira ntchito yamagetsi ya minyewa ndikuzindikira zilonda zomwe zingachitike.