Tiye tinene nthawi yomweyo: kugwidwa ndi mantha si vuto lakutali, koma matenda aakulu. Nthawi zambiri mumakumana ndi mawu ena monga "nkhawa".
C. Weil Wright, Ph.D., katswiri wa zamaganizo ndi mtsogoleri wa kafukufuku ndi ntchito zapadera za American Psychological Association anati: - Panic attack ndi nthawi ya mantha aakulu omwe angabwere mwadzidzidzi ndipo nthawi zambiri amafika pamtunda wa mphindi 10.".
Munthu sangakhale pachiwopsezo chenicheni ndipo amakhalabe ndi mantha, zomwe zimafooketsa kwambiri komanso zimawononga mphamvu. Malinga ndi bungwe la Anxiety and Depression Association of America, zizindikiro za mantha ndizo:
- Kugunda kwamtima mwachangu komanso kugunda kwa mtima
- Kutuluka thukuta
- Kunjenjemera
- Kupuma pang'onopang'ono kapena kumva kuti walephera kupuma
- Kupweteka pachifuwa
- Mseru kapena kukhumudwa m'mimba
- Chizungulire, kufooka
- Kuzizira kapena kutentha thupi
-Kuchita dzanzi komanso kumva kuwawa kwa miyendo
- Derization (kudzimva kuti ndi zenizeni) kapena kudzidetsa (kusokoneza kudziona)
- Kuopa kulephera kudziletsa kapena kuchita misala
- Kuopa imfa
Kodi chimayambitsa mantha ndi chiyani?
Mantha amatha kuyambitsidwa ndi chinthu china chowopsa kapena mkhalidwe, komanso mwina palibe chifukwa choyambitsa vutoli. Zimachitika kuti pamene munthu akukumana ndi mantha muzochitika zina, amayamba kuopa kuukira kwatsopano ndipo m'njira iliyonse amapewa zinthu zomwe zingayambitse. Ndipo motero amayamba kukhala ndi mantha ochulukirapo.
"Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mantha amatha kuona chizindikiro chochepa kwambiri, monga kuwonjezeka kwa mtima. Amatanthauzira kuti ndizolakwika, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo amakhala mantha," akutero Wright.
Kodi pali zinthu zina zomwe zingapangitse munthu kugwidwa ndi mantha?
Yankho la funsoli ndi lokhumudwitsa: mantha amatha kuchitika kwa aliyense. Komabe, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingaike munthu pachiswe.
Malinga ndi 2016, akazi ali ndi mwayi wowirikiza kawiri kukhala ndi nkhawakuposa amuna. Malinga ndi olemba a phunziroli, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa ubongo ndi mahomoni, komanso momwe amayi amachitira ndi nkhawa. Kwa amayi, kupsinjika maganizo kumayenda mofulumira kusiyana ndi amuna ndipo kumakhalabe kwachangu chifukwa cha mahomoni a estrogen ndi progesterone. Azimayi nawonso satulutsa serotonin ya neurotransmitter mwachangu, yomwe imathandizira kwambiri kupsinjika ndi nkhawa.
Genetics ikhoza kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakuzindikira vuto la mantha. Mu 2013, adapeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi mantha ali ndi jini yotchedwa NTRK3 yomwe imawonjezera mantha ndikuchitapo kanthu.
Ngati munthu akulimbana ndi matenda ena a m’maganizo, kuphatikizapo kuvutika maganizo, angakhalenso ndi mantha aakulu. Matenda ena oda nkhawa, monga social phobia kapena obsessive-compulsive disorder, apezekanso kuti akuwonjezera chiopsezo cha mantha.
Sikuti ma genetic factor amatha kuchitapo kanthu. Khalidwe ndi khalidwe la munthu zimadalira malo amene anakulira.
Wright anati: “Ngati munakulira ndi kholo kapena wachibale amene ali ndi vuto la nkhawa, mukhoza kutero.
Zina, makamaka zovuta za chilengedwe monga kuchotsedwa ntchito kapena imfa ya wokondedwa, zingayambitsenso mantha.
Kodi mantha angachiritsidwe?
"Ndikuganiza kuti mantha amatha kukhala owopsa, anthu akhoza kukhumudwa, koma pali zambiri zomwe zingatheke kuthana nazo' Anayankha Wright.
Choyamba, ngati mukukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zizindikiro zilizonse zomwe mungakumane nazo panthawi ya mantha (monga matenda a mtima), muyenera kuwona dokotala. Ngati dokotala awona kuti palibe vuto la mtima, angakupatseni chithandizo chamaganizo.
Malingana ndi American Psychological Association, chithandizo chamaganizo ndi chithandizo chamaganizo chomwe chimayang'ana kusintha maganizo.
Dokotala wanu angaperekenso mankhwala, kuphatikizapo antidepressants, omwe amakhala ngati ochepetsetsa nkhawa kwa nthawi yaitali, ndi mankhwala oletsa chifuwa chachikulu cha TB kuti athetse zizindikiro za nkhawa, monga kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira ndi thukuta.
Kusinkhasinkha, kugwira ntchito m'malingaliro, ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana opumira zimathandizanso kuthana ndi mantha m'kupita kwanthawi. Ngati mukukumana ndi mantha (omwe, mwatsoka, amakhala apakati), ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti matenda sapha, ndipo kwenikweni, palibe chimene chimawopseza moyo weniweniwo.