Fizanti

The pheasant ndi mbalame ya dongosolo Galliformes, amene nyama ndi otchuka kwambiri pakati pa gourmets. Ili ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri, komanso ndinkhokwe yeniyeni ya mavitamini ndi mchere.

Mpheasant ndi mbalame yaikulu ndithu. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kungakhale mamita 0,8. Kulemera kwa pheasant wamkulu kumafika ma kilogalamu awiri.

Zomwe zimachitika

Malo okhala nyama zakutchire ndi nkhalango zowirira kwambiri. Chofunikira ndi kukhalapo kwa tchire momwe mbalame imamva yotetezeka komanso yabwino. Nthawi zambiri, pheasant onse amayesa kukhala pafupi ndi nyanja kapena mitsinje kuti athe kupeza madzi.

Ngakhale kuti ndi zazikulu kwambiri, mbalamezi ndi zamanyazi kwambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zomwe ziri zodabwitsa, atawona mtundu wina wa zoopsa, amayesa kubisala mu udzu ndi tchire. Ng'ombe siziuluka m'mitengo kawirikawiri.

Chakudya chachikulu cha mbalamezi ndi mbewu, mbewu, zipatso, komanso mphukira ndi zipatso za zomera. Komanso muzakudya za pheasants pali tizilombo ndi mollusks yaying'ono.

Kuthengo, pheasant amakhala ndi mkazi mmodzi ndipo amasankha kamodzi kwa moyo wawo wonse. Tikumbukenso kuti pheasants amuna si zazikulu kwambiri kuposa akazi, komanso kwambiri amitundu yowala. Mutu ndi khosi lawo ndi zobiriwira zagolide, zofiirira mpaka zakuda. Kumbuyo, nthengazo ndi zowala kwambiri, zamoto wa lalanje, zokhala ndi malire akuda ochititsa chidwi, ndipo rump ndi mkuwa-wofiira, ndi utoto wofiirira. Mchirawo ndi wautali kwambiri, uli ndi nthenga khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zachikasu zofiirira, ndi "malire" amkuwa omwe ali ndi utoto wofiirira. Amuna ali ndi zotupa pa mapazi awo.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, poyerekeza ndi oimira "kugonana kolimba", pheasants akazi ali ndi maonekedwe otumbululuka. Ali ndi nthenga zosaoneka bwino zomwe zimasiyana mitundu kuchokera ku bulauni kupita ku imvi yamchenga. "Kukongoletsa" kokha ndi mawanga akuda-bulauni ndi madontho.

zisa za pheasant zimamangidwa pansi. Zingwe zawo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu - kuyambira mazira asanu ndi atatu mpaka makumi awiri a bulauni. Amakwatiwa ndi akazi okha, “atate achimwemwe” satenga mbali iriyonse kaya m’kachitidwe kameneka kapena m’kulera kowonjezereka kwa anapiye.

Zambiri zakale

Dzina lachilatini la mbalameyi ndi Phasianus colchicus. Amakhulupirira kuti limasonyeza momveka bwino kumene linapezeka koyamba.

Kotero, monga momwe nthano imanenera, ngwazi yachi Greek Jason, mtsogoleri wa Argonauts, anakhala "mpainiya" wa pheasants. Ku Colchis, kumene anapita kukagula Nsalu Yagolide, Jason anaona mbalame zokongola modabwitsa m’mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Phasis, zomwe nthenga zake zinkanyezimira ndi mitundu yonse ya utawaleza pansi pa cheza cha dzuŵa. Inde, Argonauts adafulumira kuwayika misampha. Nyama ya mbalame yokazinga pamoto inasanduka yowutsa mudyo komanso yofewa.

Jason ndi Argonauts adabweretsa zimphona zina ku Greece ngati chikho. Mbalame zachilendo zinayamba kutchuka nthawi yomweyo. Anayamba kuwaweta monga “zokongoletsa zamoyo” za minda ya anthu olemekezeka. Nyama yamphesa inali yophikidwa ndi kuperekedwa kwa alendo pa maphwando apamwamba.

Nkhumba sizinali zofulumira kwambiri. Anazolowera ukapolo mwachangu, kuchulukitsa mwachangu, koma nyama yawo idakhalabe chokoma.

Kutchulidwanso kuyenera kunenedwa za malingaliro a pheasants mu "dziko lawo lakale" - ku Georgia. Kumeneko, mbalameyi imatchedwa chizindikiro cha Tbilisi. Iye amasonyezedwanso pa chizindikiro cha likulu la dzikolo. Nthano yochititsa chidwi imafotokoza chifukwa chake pheasant adapatsidwa ulemu wotero.

Kotero, malinga ndi nthano, mfumu ya Georgia Vakhtang I Gorgasal sanayang'ane miyoyo mu falconry ndipo anathera nthawi yake yonse yaulere pa ntchito iyi. Tsiku lina, posaka, mfumuyo inathamangira kuthamangitsa pheasant yovulazidwa - yaikulu kwambiri komanso yokongola. Kwa nthawi yayitali sanathe kuyipeza mbalame yothawayo. Mfumuyo inagwira ntchentche yomwe ili pafupi ndi akasupe otentha, omwe amawomba pansi. Atafa, atafooka chifukwa cha kutaya magazi, pheasant inamwa kuchokera ku gwero, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anakhala ndi moyo ndikuthamangira. Pokumbukira chochitikachi, mfumuyo inalamula kuti mzinda wa Tbilisi ukhazikitsidwe pafupi ndi akasupe otentha otentha.

Chifukwa cha nthenga zake zowala komanso kukoma kwake, pheasant yakhala chinthu chokondedwa kwambiri posaka akuluakulu aku Europe komanso olemekezeka akum'mawa. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX, England anayamba kuswana dala pheasants mu ukapolo, kenako kuwamasula kumalo osaka ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Zaka zana pambuyo pake, monga momwe mbiri ikuchitira umboni, mpaka mbalame zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu pachaka zidakwezedwa chifukwa cha izi kudera la Foggy Albion.

Mpaka pano, malo okhala pheasant kuthengo ndi China, Asia Minor ndi Central Asia, Caucasus, komanso mayiko a Central Europe. Mukhozanso kukumana ndi mbalameyi ku Japan ndi America.

Nthawi yomweyo, m'maboma ambiri amaletsa kuwombera nyama zakutchire chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu chifukwa cha zochita za opha nyama. Kuonjezera ziweto, minda yapadera imapangidwa - pheasants. Ambiri aiwo ali ku UK. Mbalame zopitilira XNUMX zimaleredwa kuno chaka chilichonse.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nyama ya pheasant imatengedwa ngati chakudya chokoma ndipo ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri, yomwe, komabe, ma gourmets enieni samawona cholepheretsa.

mitundu

Pazonse, pafupifupi mitundu makumi atatu ya pheasant wamba imapezeka kuthengo. Oimira awo amasiyana wina ndi mzake pokhala, kukula kwake, ndi mtundu wa nthenga. M'ndende, golide, Hungary ndi kusaka pheasant nthawi zambiri amawetedwa, nyama yomwe ndi yapamwamba kwambiri ndipo imayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi gourmets.

Akukhulupirira kuti pheasants kufika kukhwima zophikira ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Panthawiyi, kulemera kwawo kumafika pa kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka. Nyama ya ma pheasants ndi yowutsa mudyo ndipo imatengedwa ngati chakudya.

Kusaka mbalame m'madera apadera kumaloledwa kuyambira November mpaka February. Panthawi imeneyi, pheasant sakhala pa zisa ndipo samalera anapiye. Nthawi yomweyo, mafamu a pheasant amagulitsa nyama yatsopano mu mawonekedwe ozizira kapena ozizira chaka chonse. Monga lamulo, amagawidwa ngati gulu I, pomwe mtundu wa nyama zakuthengo umasiyana - ukhoza kukhala gulu I kapena II.

Kalori ndi mankhwala zikuchokera

Nyama ya pheasant imatengedwa ngati chakudya chamagulu. Mphamvu zake ndizochepa ndipo zimafika 253,9 kcal pa 100 g. Mapangidwe a zakudya ndi awa: 18 g mapuloteni, 20 g mafuta ndi 0,5 g chakudya.

Nthawi yomweyo, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, nyama ya pheasant ndi nkhokwe yeniyeni ya mavitamini, komanso ma microelements.

Nyama ya pheasant imayamikiridwa makamaka ngati gwero lofunikira la mavitamini a B. Sizingatheke kukulitsa udindo wawo m'moyo wa thupi. Ndi mavitamini a gulu ili amene amathandiza mphamvu kagayidwe, normalize ntchito m`mimba dongosolo, ndi kuthandiza kusunga shuga m`magazi pa mlingo wovomerezeka. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, malinga ndi akatswiri a zakudya, mavitamini a B "amagwira ntchito" bwino kwambiri ngati amalowa m'thupi mosiyana, koma nthawi imodzi. Ndicho chifukwa chake nyama ya pheasant imayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri a zakudya - ili ndi pafupifupi mavitamini onse a gulu ili.

Chifukwa chake, vitamini B1 (0,1 mg) ndi antioxidant yothandiza, imathandizira kuzindikira komanso kukumbukira, komanso kumapangitsa chidwi chambiri. Vitamini B2 (0,2 mg) imalimbikitsa kuyamwa kwachitsulo, motero kumathandizira kuti magazi aziwerengera bwino, amayang'anira ntchito ya chithokomiro, komanso amathandizira kuti khungu ndi tsitsi likhale lathanzi. Vitamini B3 (6,5 mg) imathandizira kuchepetsa cholesterol "yoyipa", imatenga nawo gawo pakupanga hemoglobin, imathandizira kuyamwa kwa mapuloteni omwe amalowa m'thupi ndi chakudya. Choline, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti vitamini B4 (70 mg), ndiyofunikira kuti chiwindi chizigwira ntchito bwino - makamaka, chimathandiza kuti minofu ya chiwalo ichi ichira pambuyo pomwa maantibayotiki kapena mowa, komanso pambuyo pa matenda am'mbuyomu. Kuphatikiza pa hepatoprotective properties, choline imachepetsanso mlingo wa "zoipa" cholesterol ndi normalizes mafuta metabolism. Vitamini B5 (0,5 mg) imathandizira ma adrenal glands komanso imathandizira kuti thupi litenge mavitamini ena m'zakudya. Komanso, kumawonjezera kukana kwa thupi. Vitamini B6 (0,4 mg) ndiyofunikira kuti thupi litenge bwino mapuloteni ndi mafuta. Vitamini B7, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti vitamini H (3 mcg), imathandiza kuti khungu ndi tsitsi likhalebe labwino, limasunga matumbo a microflora athanzi. Vitamini B9 (8 mcg) amathandizira kukhazikika kwamalingaliro, amathandizira dongosolo lamtima, komanso amatenga nawo gawo pakupanga ma enzymes ndi ma amino acid. Pomaliza, vitamini B12 (2 mcg) ndiyofunikira kuti pakhale maselo ofiira a m'magazi ndikuletsa kukula kwa kuchepa kwa magazi.

Mankhwala a nyama ya pheasant alinso ndi vitamini A (40 mcg) - antioxidant wamphamvu yomwe imathandiza "kubalalitsa" ntchito ya chitetezo cha mthupi.

Chogulitsacho chimakhalanso chamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma macro- ndi ma microelements. Choyamba, tiyenera kutchula za potassium (250 mg), sulfure (230 mg), phosphorous (200 mg), mkuwa (180 mg) ndi sodium (100 mg) mu nyama ya pheasant. Potaziyamu ndi zofunika kuti normalize kugunda kwa mtima, bwino kotunga mpweya kwa maselo a ubongo, kumathandiza kuchepetsa kutupa ndi normalizing madzi bwino mu thupi. Sulfure amatenga nawo gawo pakupanga kolajeni, komwe ndikofunikira kuti khungu ndi tsitsi zizikhala bwino, zimakhala ndi antihistamine, komanso zimasinthiratu kutsekeka kwa magazi. Phosphorus imayang'anira mkhalidwe wa minofu ya mafupa ndi mano, komanso luso lachidziwitso. Kupanda mkuwa kungayambitse kusadya, kuvutika maganizo ndi kutopa kosalekeza, komanso kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Sodium imakhudzidwa ndi kupanga madzi am'mimba, imakhala ndi vasodilating.

Zambiri zomwe zili mu mankhwalawa ndi chlorine (60 mg), magnesium (20 mg) ndi calcium (15 mg). Chlorine imayang'anira kagayidwe kachakudya, imalepheretsa kuchepa kwamafuta m'chiwindi. Magnesium imayambitsa ntchito ya minofu, komanso, mu "duet" yokhala ndi calcium, chifukwa cha mafupa ndi mano.

Pakati pa mchere wina womwe ulipo mu mankhwala a nyama ya pheasant, tini (75 μg), fluorine (63 μg), molybdenum (12 μg) ndi faifi (10 μg) ayenera kusiyanitsa. Kupanda malata kumapangitsa tsitsi kuthothoka komanso kumva kumva. Fluorine imathandiza kuti thupi likhale lolimba, limalimbitsa minofu ya misomali, mafupa ndi mano, limathandiza kuchotsa zinthu zoopsa m'thupi, kuphatikizapo zitsulo zolemera. Molybdenum imalepheretsa kukula kwa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi mwa kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa hemoglobini, komanso imalimbikitsa kutuluka kwa uric acid m'thupi. Nickel normalizes ntchito ya pituitary gland ndi impso, amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Zida Zothandiza

Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera, nyama ya pheasant ili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza.

Nyama ya mbalameyi ndi gwero la mapuloteni ofunika kwambiri, omwe amatengeka mosavuta ndi thupi.

Izi zimatengedwa ngati zakudya chifukwa chokhala ndi mafuta ochepa komanso kusakhalapo kwathunthu kwa cholesterol. Choncho, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi otsatira a moyo wathanzi ndi okalamba.

Kuphatikizika bwino kwa mavitamini a B kumapangitsa kuti nyama ya pheasant iwonjezere kukana kwa thupi ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yofunika kwambiri pazakudya za amayi apakati.

Zakudya zotsika kwambiri zama carbohydrate zimapangitsa nyama ya pheasant kukhala chinthu chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ndi atherosulinosis.

Nyama ya pheasant ndi imodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zopewera komanso kuchiza kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, chifukwa zimathandizira kuti magazi aziyenda bwino.

Zophikira ntchito ndi kukoma

Ngakhale kuti nyama ya pheasant imakhala yakuda kwambiri poyerekeza ndi nkhuku, ndipo mafuta ake ndi otsika kwambiri, pambuyo pophika sikhala wolimba kapena wonyezimira. Kuphatikiza apo, sichifunikira kusamalidwa chisanachitike, chosiyana ndi kukoma kwabwino, juiciness ndi fungo lokoma.

Kuchokera pazakudya, chifuwa cha nkhuku chikhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la nyama. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, imakonzedwa, monga lamulo, mu madzi ake, pogwiritsa ntchito pepala lozama kwambiri. Zidutswa za mafupa nthawi zambiri zimakhalapo m'mbale yomalizidwa, chifukwa mafupa a tubular a pheasant ndi ochepa komanso osalimba kuposa a nkhuku, ndipo nthawi zambiri amasweka panthawi ya kutentha.

Pachikhalidwe, nyama ya mbalameyi ndi gawo la zakudya za anthu ku Caucasus, komanso ku Central ndi Asia Minor ndi mayiko angapo a ku Ulaya.

Kuyambira nthawi zakale, pheasant amaonedwa ngati chakudya chokonzekera zochitika zapadera komanso kwa alendo odziwika kwambiri. Mitembo yodzaza ndi hazel grouse, zinziri ndi madeti zinkaperekedwa pa maphwando ku Roma wakale. Ophika a Tsarist ku Russia adawotcha mitembo yonse ya pheasant, kusunga nthenga. Kukonzekera kwa mbale yotereyi kunkafuna luso lodabwitsa kwambiri kuchokera kwa wophika, chifukwa kunali koyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mbalame yomwe sinadulidwe inali yokazinga mokwanira. Kuphatikiza apo, nthenga zokongola za pheasant sizikanawonongeka ndi moto.

Ku Middle East, njira zopangira nyama ya pheasant zinali zochepa kwambiri. Filletyo idangoyikidwa mu pilaf kapena kuwonjezeredwa ku couscous, yokazinga kale ndi curry kapena safironi kuti kukoma kwake kukhale kokoma.

Ku Ulaya, msuzi wopangidwa kuchokera ku nyama ya pheasant amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko a aspic. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimaphikidwa, zophikidwa ndi bowa, tsabola wa belu, zipatso zowawasa ndi zitsamba zonunkhira. Komanso, ndi nyama ya pheasant, yochotsedwa m'miyendo, chifuwa ndi mapiko, omelet amakonzedwa.

Ophika zinthu pheasant mitembo ndi mtedza ndi chestnuts, kuzifutsa kapena yokazinga champignons, ndi akanadulidwa dzira ndi wobiriwira anyezi nthenga. Komanso, nkhono “mwachikale” amawotchedwa pamlavunda. Mbatata, mpunga kapena ndiwo zamasamba zimaperekedwa ngati mbale.

Kuphatikiza apo, pheasant yadziwonetsera yokha ngati chophatikizira chokonzekera zokometsera zozizira, pate ndi saladi zamasamba zokhala ndi kuvala kuchokera ku msuzi wosakhwima kapena mafuta a azitona.

M'malesitilanti apamwamba kwambiri, vinyo wamtengo wapatali amaperekedwa ndi zidutswa za fillet mu msuzi kapena magawo a nyama yokazinga.

Momwe mungasankhire mankhwala

Kuti mtundu wa chinthu chogulidwa usakukhumudwitseni, muyenera kuyandikira kusankha kwake moyenera.

Choyamba, onetsetsani kuti kutsogolo kwanu kuli nyama ya pheasant, osati mbalame ina. Nkhuku imakhala ndi khungu loyera ngati nkhuku, koma nyama imakhala yofiira ngati yaiwisi, mosiyana ndi nkhuku yofiira. Kusiyanitsa kumawonekera makamaka pa chitsanzo cha miyendo ndi mawere.

Onetsetsani kuti muyang'ane nyama kuti ikhale yatsopano. Kuti muchite izi, kanikizani pang'ono ndi chala chanu. Ngati pambuyo pake imabwezeretsanso mawonekedwe ake, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa akhoza kugulidwa.

Kuphika nyama yokazinga ya pheasant pa mafuta anyama

Kuti mupange mbale iyi, mudzafunika zosakaniza zotsatirazi: nyama imodzi ya pheasant, 100 g nyama yankhumba, 100 k wa batala, mchere ndi zonunkhira kuti mulawe.

Tsukani bwino nyama yothyoledwa ndi yothyoledwa kunja ndi mkati. Ikani miyendo ndi bere ndi nyama yankhumba ndi kuwaza ndi mchere.

Ikani magawo a nyama yankhumba mkati mwa nyama. Ikani pheasant giblets ndi kagawo kakang'ono ka batala pamenepo.

Ikani zidutswa za nyama yankhumba pamwamba pa nyama.

Mwachangu nyama yokonzeka motere mu poto mu chisanadze anasungunuka batala. Onjezerani madzi nthawi ndi nthawi. Mwachangu mpaka golide bulauni. Mbatata yophika kapena yokazinga, saladi ya masamba kapena mpunga ikhoza kukhala ngati mbale.

Kuphika pheasant nyama mu uvuni

Kuti tikonze mbale iyi, tifunika zosakaniza zotsatirazi: miyendo ya pheasant ndi chifuwa, supuni 3-4 za msuzi wa soya, mayonesi wofanana, anyezi, mchere, tsabola wakuda, bay leaf, ginger ndi shuga kulawa.

Konzani chisakanizo cha msuzi wa soya, mayonesi, mchere, zonunkhira ndi shuga. Pakani nyama ndi osakaniza.

Ikani zidutswa za nyama pa zojambulazo (kutalika kwa chidutswacho chiyenera kukhala 30-40 centimita). Kuwaza anyezi odulidwa ndi kukulunga mu zojambulazo kuti musindikize nyama. Chonde dziwani: musatuluke nthunzi kapena madzi kuchokera mu nyama yokulungidwa ndi zojambulazo.

Ikani mtolo mu uvuni wa preheated pa pepala lophika. Kuphika kwa mphindi 60-90.

The pheasant ndi munda wamphesa wakonzeka

Kuti mupange mbale iyi, mudzafunika zosakaniza zotsatirazi: nyama imodzi ya pheasant, maapulo awiri obiriwira, 200 g wa mphesa, supuni ya mafuta a masamba, mafuta ofanana, 150 ml ya vinyo wofiira wouma (100 ml). adzagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika, ndi 50 ml kwa mphodza mphesa ndi maapulo), supuni ya shuga, mchere ndi tsabola wakuda kulawa.

Muzimutsuka ndi kuumitsa nyamayo pogwiritsa ntchito thaulo lapepala. Sungunulani batala, onjezerani tsabola ndi mchere kwa izo ndikupaka mafuta mkati mwa nyama ndi zotsatira zake. Pakani pamwamba pa nyama ndi chisakanizo cha mchere ndi tsabola wakuda pansi.

Mwachangu nyama mu poto kumbali zonse mpaka golide kutumphuka. Pambuyo pake, ikani pheasant mu poto yakuya, kutsanulira mu vinyo yemweyo ndikutumiza ku uvuni, kutentha kwa madigiri 200.

Nthawi ndi nthawi, tsitsani pheasant ndi msuzi womwe umapanga nyama ikawotcha, ndikutembenuzira mtembowo.

Pamene nyama ikuphika, dulani maapulo. Ikani magawo mu chidebe chaching'ono, kuwonjezera mphesa ndi 50 ml ya vinyo, komanso shuga. Simmer ndi kuwonjezera zipatso osakaniza nyama.

Pafupifupi mphindi 30 isanafike kutha kwa kuphika, chotsani pheasant mu uvuni ndikusindikiza ndi zojambulazo. Ngati madziwo ali ndi nthawi yoti asungunuke panthawiyi, onjezerani madzi pang'ono mumtsuko.