Prof. Krzysztof J. Filipiak: katswiri wa zamtima amalimbikitsa kapu ya vinyo ndi chakudya, nthawi zambiri chofiira, chouma nthawi zonse.

Zomwe zatsimikiziridwa

Tingaŵerenge m’mabuku ambiri otchuka kuti vinyo wofiira, munthu akamwedwa pamlingo wocheperapo, amalimbikitsa thanzi, makamaka thanzi la mtima. Chakumwa ichi chili ndi mankhwala ambiri opindulitsa omwe mwachibadwa amathandiza ntchito yake. Koma kodi ndizoona kapena ndi malonda obisika a mowa omwe saloledwa kulengeza? Timafunsa Prof. n. med. Krzysztof J. Filipiak, katswiri wamtima komanso katswiri wa vinyo.

1. Vinyo wochepa amatha kugwira ntchito bwino pamtima komanso thanzi labwino. Izi ndichifukwa cha ma polyphenols omwe ali mu chakumwa ichi
2. Prof. Filipiak akuti ndi mitundu iti yomwe ili ndi mankhwala oteteza mtima kwambiri
3. Katswiriyu akufotokozanso ngati vinyo wofiira yekha ndi amene amakhudza mtima
4. - Ganizirani zakudya pang'ono. Katswiri wamtima amalimbikitsa vinyo, nthawi zambiri wofiira, wouma nthawi zonse - akutero pulofesa poyankhulana ndi Medonet
5. Onetsetsani thanzi lanu. Ingoyankhani mafunso awa
6. Mutha kupeza nkhani zambiri zotere patsamba lanyumba la TvoiLokony

Monika Zieleniewska, MedTvoiLokony: Zikuoneka kuti, ngakhale madokotala amanena kuti kapu ya vinyo ndi chakudya chamadzulo sichivulaza komanso imathandizira thanzi. Ndipo pulofesa?

Prof Dr. hab. med. Krzysztof J. Filipiak: Pali kafukufuku wosonyeza kuti ngakhale kumwa mowa pang'ono kumakhala kovulaza, ndipo kumwa kwake kumayenderana ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda a cirrhosis, khansa zina kapena paroxysmal cardiac arrhythmias, koma njira ya maphunzirowa imafunsidwa. Kwa dokotala, chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndicho kudziwa ngati kumwa mowa pang'ono kumapangitsa kuti anthu azifa. Ndipo apa zikuwoneka kuti sizikuwonjezera kufa uku, ndipo mwina kumachepetsa pang'ono.

Akuti mowa umathandizira kuwonjezereka kwa matenda a chiwindi ndi khansa zina, koma pobwezera umachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima, atherosclerosis, ndi kufa kwa mtima. Ichi mwina ndichifukwa chake akatswiri amtima akhala akuyang'ana momasuka kumwa mowa pang'ono mu vinyo kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo akatswiri a gastrologists ndi hepatologists ali ndi malingaliro otsutsa kwambiri.

1. Onaninso: Kodi hepatologist sangadye chiyani? Nazi zinthu zomwe zimawononga kwambiri chiwindi chathu

Ndiye ndi vinyo wamtundu wanji omwe akatswiri amtima angalolere ndipo chifukwa chiyani ofiira?

Mwina tiyeni tiyambe ndi kufotokoza chimene vinyo choyamba. Vinyo ndi mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera ku mphesa zowotchera zoledzeretsa za Vitis vinifera mphesa, zomwe zimakhala ndi osachepera 8,5%. mowa.

Zoonadi, chidwi chathu kwa zaka zambiri chayang'ana pa vinyo wofiira, chifukwa ali ndi zinthu zambiri zamtima. Amachokera ku madzi a mphesa okha, ndipo pali ambiri a iwo mu peel yofiira, yakuda ya mabulosi a mphesa kuposa m'thupi lake. Choncho, vinyo wofiira, wopangidwa kuchokera ku mphesa zofiira, amawoneka kuti amateteza mtima kwambiri.

Takhala tikulankhula kwa zaka zambiri za mitundu ya vinyo yomwe ili ndi ma polyphenols ambiri ndipo ndiyenera kuvomereza apa: Cannonau di Sardegna - mphesa yachibadwidwe cha Sardegna, yoledzera mwamwambo ndi alimi am'deralo, ndipo masiku ano - ndi anthu aku Sardinian, mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ochuluka azaka zana amakhala ku kontinenti yathu . Mitundu ya Dziko Latsopano ndiyofunikanso kuyamikira - Australian Shiraz, Argentina Malbec, Uruguayan Tannat, South African Pinotage, yomwe ili ndi ma polyphenols ambiri ndipo, kuwonjezera apo, amakula kum'mwera kwa dziko lapansi, kumene mpweya suli woipitsidwa kwambiri kuposa kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi.

Kotero vinyo wa ku Ulaya akhoza kukhala wovulaza kwambiri?

Mitundu yaku Europe imatidabwitsanso ndi zomwe angotulukira kumene. Mwachitsanzo, Apulian, ndiko kuti, vinyo wakumwera kwa Italy monga Negroamaro, Susumaniello kapena Primitivo, ali ndi anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect; Mtundu wa Balkan wa Refosco umafotokoza za kuchulukira kwakukulu kwambiri ndi polyphenol - furaneol, ndipo mtundu uwu umadziwikanso kuti umapangitsa kuchuluka kwamagazi am'magazi. Mwala wina wakum'mwera kwa Italy - wakuda Aliagnico - uli ndi mankhwala angapo odziwika kuchokera ku gulu la polyphenols okhala ndi antiatherosclerotic ndi anti-inflammatory properties. Mu zabwino kwambiri - zomwe zimabzalidwanso ku Poland - mitundu ya Pinot noir, kupezeka kwakukulu kwa otchedwa lalanje anthocyanin - callistefin, yomwe imapezekanso mu makangaza, sitiroberi ndi chimanga chakuda.

Kubwereranso ku funso lapitalo, kodi tiyenera kusiya vinyo woyera?

Ndili ndi uthenga wabwino kwa anthu omwe amawakonda. Mu Zibibbo ya Sicilian, kuwonjezera pa ma terpenes omwe amaphunzirabe (linalool, geraniol, nerol), zotumphukira za cyanidin zochititsa chidwi kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi antioxidant, anti-cancer ndi anti-inflammatory effects (chrysanthemine) zadziwika. Izi ndizofanana zomwe chilengedwe chimatipatsa ife mochuluka mu black currants.

M'mavinyo ambiri oyera: Sauvignon blanc, Gewurztraminerach, Reslingach, timapeza zosakaniza zambiri ndi kukhalapo kwa magulu a sulfhydryl - SH, mwachitsanzo, zinthu zokhala ndi antioxidant zamphamvu kapena zowonongeka, chifukwa zimamanga zitsulo zolemera. Monga aphunzitsi a cardiology amandiuza mwanthabwala - okonda vinyo ochokera ku Italy, ndichifukwa chake muyenera kumwa vinyo woyera ndi nsomba zambiri zoipitsidwa ndi nsomba.

Sikuti aliyense amadziwa kuti mankhwala a pyrazine ndi omwe amachititsa zolemba za jamu, makamaka ku New Zealand Sauvignon blanc yomwe ndimakonda. Mankhwala omwewo angapezeke mu mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi chifuwa chachikulu komanso bortezomib - mankhwala atsopano a myeloma angapo.

M'mayiko ndi nyengo yozizira, otchedwa hybrid tizilombo ta munali ambiri mankhwala yogwira mankhwala kuthandiza zokhudza thupi njira. Ndikuganiza za zomwe zimatchedwa mafuta acid degradation products - hexanal, hexanol, hexenal, hexenol, ndi zotumphukira zawo - izi nazonso ndizovuta kwambiri ku Poland - Marshal Foch. Zomwe zimatchedwa chemistry ya vinyo ndizosangalatsa kwambiri.

Tikamakambirana za ubwino wa vinyo m’thupi lathu, mtima umatchulidwa poyamba. Kodi ubwino wa vinyo ndi chiyani?

Izi makamaka chifukwa cha chidziwitso chowonjezereka chokhudza mphamvu ya mowa - Ndikufuna kutsindika kachiwiri, kudyedwa nthawi zonse muzochepa kwambiri - pa ntchito ya mitsempha ya endothelium ndi mapulateleti. Mowa womwe uli mu vinyo umakhala ndi anti-platelet effect, umachepetsa kutulutsa magazi (thrombin effect), umathandizira kufotokozera kwa zinthu zomwe ndi zosungunulira zamagazi (zomwe zimakhudza endogenous fibrinolysis), zimachepetsa oxygenation ya cholesterol yoyipa ya LDL yomwe imazungulira m'magazi. magazi, kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yabwino ya HDL, kumawonjezera kupanga nitric oxide m'maselo a endothelial ndikuchepetsa kupanga kwa fibrinogen. Choncho mwachidule ndi kuphweka.

Kaŵirikaŵiri, sikunatsimikizidwe ngati zinthu zomwe zili mu vinyo kapena moŵa weniweniwo ndi zofunika kwambiri pano. Zikuwoneka kuti ndizochitika pamodzi. Ndikovuta kuchita kafukufuku woterowo ndendende, chifukwa vinyo ndi wochepa kwambiri, wothira bwino wamphesa wamphesa, wokhala ndi mazana amitundu yamankhwala osadziwika. Komanso, mtundu uliwonse wa mphesa ndi mtundu wapadera, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, ndipo makumi masauzande aiwo afotokozedwa.

Mawu akuti polyphenols atchulidwa nthawi zambiri. Kodi maubwenzi awa ndi otani?

Kunena mwachidule, ma polyphenols ndi gulu la mankhwala a phenolic okhala ndi antioxidant wamphamvu, motero amachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda amtima ndi khansa. Ma polyphenols amathanso kugawidwa kukhala ma tannins (esters of gallic acid ndi saccharides) ndi ma flavonoids omwe ali ndi chidwi kwambiri kwa ife.

Flavonoids ndi mitundu yopangidwa mwachilengedwe, yomwe imayang'anira mitundu ya mphatso zonse zachilengedwe - zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Amagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri - ma antioxidants, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ma fungicides, chifukwa chake amasungidwa m'magulu amtundu wamaluwa, ndikuwapatsa utoto wowala. Timabwereranso kumvetsetsa zifukwa zomwe timafunitsitsa kukamba zofiira, osati zoyera kapena pinki, tikamaganizira za maubwenzi amenewa. Flavonoids ndi dzina lophatikizana lazinthu zambiri zomwe zimatchulidwanso kuti flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavanonols, isoflavones, katekisimu ndi anthocyanidins.

Pakhala pali zolembedwa zambiri za resveratrol posachedwa. Kodi ndi flavonoid yomwe ili yofunika kwambiri pa thanzi lanu?

Resveratrol ndi imodzi mwa oposa zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu. anafotokoza flavonoids, koma kwenikweni ife tinadziwa za 500 mwa mankhwala awa. Resveratrol inali imodzi mwazoyamba, koma kafukufuku wamakono sakusonyeza kuti ndi Grail Woyera wa flavonoids. Zikuwoneka kuti kuphatikiza kwachilengedwe kwa mazana mazana a flavonoids kumapereka mphamvu yonse ya antioxidant. Ntchito zambiri zosangalatsa zikusindikizidwa pano, mwachitsanzo pa quercetin.

1. Mutha kugula chowonjezera chazakudya ndi resveratrol ku Msika wa Medonet

Ndiye mumadziwa bwanji mlingo wa mowa womwe uli wopindulitsa ku thanzi lanu?

Tili ndi vuto ndi zimenezo. Kupititsa patsogolo mowa, makamaka m'dera lathu la Ulaya, kumene kumwa mowa wamphamvu kwakhala kwakukulu, sikuvomerezeka. Monga madokotala, tiyenera kuyesetsa kusintha maganizo a odwala athu, osawakakamiza kuti amwe mowa, komanso kuwonetsa ubwino wa kumwa vinyo wofiira wambiri monga gawo la zakudya za Mediterranean.

Pamene ndinalemba ndemanga ya buku lakuti "Vinyo ndi wabwino kwa mtima" ndi akatswiri akuluakulu a mtima omwe akugwira ntchito ndi vinyo ku Poland - Prof. Władysław Sinkiewicz, ndemanga zosasangalatsa zambiri zandigwera. Ufulu wolankhula za izi uyenera kutsimikiziridwa. Monga dotolo wachinyamata, nthawi ina ndinakonzekera ntchito yofufuza momwe tidawunika momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya vinyo wofiira imakhudzira kukula kwa endothelial. Komiti ya Bioethics ya Medical University of Warsaw panthawiyo sinavomereze khalidwe lake, pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la ku Poland pa kulera mwanzeru. Ndinapempha chigamulo chake ku komiti ya bioethics ku Unduna wa Zaumoyo ndipo komitiyi sinagwirizane ndi kafukufuku amene ophunzira - odzipereka amayenera kumwa 250 ml ya vinyo wofiira ndikuyesedwa kopanda mayesero a vascular endothelial function. Pulofesa wa zamankhwala wa m’komiti imeneyi anafunsa mwamantha ngati tingapatse ophunzira amene anayesedwa tchuthi chodwala m’kalasi tsiku lotsatira. Phunzirolo silinakwaniritsidwe, ndipo patapita zaka zingapo ndinapeza wa ku America wofanana kwambiri mu magazini yabwino ya sayansi.

Mapeto ake ndi amodzi - tisamatsutse chidziwitso cha kafukufuku wa vinyo ndi vinyo. Kumbali imodzi, tili ndi malangizo omveka bwino a Polish Forum for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases: "Zolinga zilizonse zokhudzana ndi kuyambitsa kapena kuwonjezereka kwa kumwa mowa, zomwe cholinga chake ndi kupeza zotsatira zopindulitsa pa thanzi, sizikulimbikitsidwa", kumbali inayo - imatanthauza. ku "kuyamba" ndi "kukulitsa". Chifukwa chake kwa anthu omwe amamwa vinyo ndi chakudya chamadzulo, ndikofunikira kusintha mtundu wake, mlingo, ndikulimbikitsa chidziwitso cha kusankha kwamavuto. Uku ndiko kutanthauzira kwanga.

Kusiyapo pyenepi, pidacitika na vinyu pakudya, kodi nee tisafunika kutsalakana cakudya?

Ganizirani zomwe timamwa, zomwe timaphatikiza vinyo, zakudya zotani, kaya timadya masamba ndi zipatso zambiri, kapena kuchepetsa mafuta a nyama ndi nyama yofiira. Mwinamwake ndi bwino kumwa kapu ya vinyo m'malo mwa mchere wa caloric wodzaza ndi shuga ndi mafuta? Lero tiribe kukaikira za izo. Ndikuvomereza kuti pamene wodwala alowa mu ofesi ndipo m'mawu oyambirira a kuyankhulana akunena monyadira kuti "sasuta kapena kumwa", ndikudabwa kuti maphunziro ozama ali bwanji ku Poland, popeza kuledzera koopsa kwa kusuta kwakhala kofanana m'maganizo. odwala omwe amamwa vinyo.

Ndinawerenga kuti vinyo amathandizanso thanzi la anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a dementia, mtundu wa 2 shuga, amalepheretsa kuvutika maganizo, amathandizira moyo wautali komanso mabakiteriya abwino m'matumbo. Kodi zonse ndi zoona?

Mafunso ochuluka pa kuyankhulana kumodzi… Ndimatchula bukuli lolembedwa ndi pulofesa. Władysław Sinkiewicz. Pulofesa kwa zaka zambiri adatsogolera Cardiology Clinic ya Nicolaus Copernicus University ku Bydgoszcz, lero, adapuma pantchito, mwina ali ndi nthawi yochulukirapo yolimbana ndi nkhaniyi ndipo chifukwa chake woyamba wa Polish monograph pankhaniyi. Enocardiologist wina (mawu otere - neologism - kutsindika ubale pakati pa oenology ndi cardiology) akugwiranso ntchito kumwera kwa Poland - prof. Grzegorz Gajos wochokera ku Krakow. Ndipo panopa ndikukonzekera pepala pa mpesa ndi ena cardioprotective nkhope vinyo.

Mwachidule, mungachite chiyani kuti ziwalo zina zisawonongeke chifukwa cha galasi loledzera ndi mtima m'maganizo?

Koposa zonse, tsatirani kudya kwapakatikati. Pali zovuta ndi tanthauzo lake, koma nthawi zambiri timatanthawuza kumwa kamodzi patsiku kwa mkazi ndi zakumwa 1-2 kwa mwamuna. Chakumwa ndi kuchuluka kwa 10-15 g wa mowa weniweni, kotero kuchuluka kwake kuli mu 150 ml ya vinyo. Izi ndizofanana ndi 330 ml ya mowa kapena 30-40 ml ya mowa wamphamvu, ngakhale muzolemba ziwiri zomalizazi, zolemba zosonyeza kuti mtima wamtima umakhala wochepa kwambiri.

Choncho, katswiri wa zamtima amalimbikitsa vinyo, nthawi zambiri wofiira, wouma nthawi zonse.

Kumwa mtundu uliwonse wa mowa wotsekemera kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga, choncho tiyenera kuthandiza odwala matenda a shuga pankhaniyi. Mwina ndikanapanga kupatula ma cider aku Poland - ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti Poland imayima ndi mowa wamphamvu ndipo sichigwirizana ndi alimi ake a zipatso ndi maapulo abwino a ku Poland. Mwina sife dziko ndi calvados kumwa chikhalidwe (apulo distillate, okalamba mu mbiya thundu), koma cider - tingathe.

Mawu ofunikira ali mu malingaliro opewera ku Europe ofalitsidwa ndi gulu lathu lazamtima. Amalankhula za kuchepetsa kumwa mowa, kotero kuti kumwa mowa kwambiri kwa 7 - 14 pa sabata kwa amuna, 7 kwa amayi, koma akuchenjeza kuti mankhwalawa sayenera kuwonjezeredwa! Kotero kapu ya vinyo ndi chakudya chamadzulo tsiku lililonse - apa mukupita. Chitsanzo china - sindimamwa mkati mwa sabata, Loweruka ndi Lamlungu limabwera ndipo ndimagwira - osatero. Kachitidwe kameneka kameneka kamayenderana ndi chiwopsezo cha kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kugunda kwa mtima, ndi sitiroko.

Tinakambirana zambiri za zotsatira za cardioprotective za polyphenols - kwa anthu omwe samamwa mowa konse, ndimakhalanso ndi uthenga wabwino: ma polyphenols omwewo amapezeka mumasamba atsopano a nyengo, zipatso, khofi wabwino, chokoleti chakuda ndi koko.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji miyezo ya kumwa mosadziletsa imeneyi ili yosiyana kwa amuna ndi akazi?

Ndipotu, kugonana sikofunikira pano ndipo kulemera kwa thupi n'kofunika kwambiri. Mwachidule, mu maphunziro a epidemiological, mlingo wa mowa unasinthidwa pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwa thupi, komanso kuti amuna ndi ochulukirapo ndipo amalemera kwambiri - chifukwa chake zotsatira za kafukufuku ndi ndondomeko zotsatila.

Kodi munthu wokonda kumwerekera sayenera kumwa vinyo, ngakhale ali ndi maganizo?

Ndizoyenera kuvomereza izi, ngakhale pano ndikunena za akatswiri amisala ndi akatswiri amisala. Mwakuyeruzgiyapu, titenere kukumbuka kuti mungaja ndi chivwanu chakukho, ndipu titenere cha kususka viyo mwachimangu. Koma mwina Louis Pasteur analondola pamene ananena kuti: “Vinyo ndiye chakumwa chaukhondo koposa ndi chaukhondo koposa.” Ndipo mawu achilatini akuti "Mu vino veritas" adapeza uthenga wapadziko lonse pakapita nthawi - pali choonadi mu vinyo, mwinamwake chowonadi chokhudza thanzi.

Izi zingakusangalatseni:

1. Anthu ambiri aku Poland amafa nazo. Katswiri wamtima amakuuzani zomwe ziyenera kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo
2. Zizindikirozi zimaneneratu za matenda a mtima miyezi isanafike
3. Kodi dokotala wamtima sadzadya chiyani? "Mndandanda wakuda". Zimapweteka mtima