Zamkatimu
Bowa wa raincoat ndi wa mtundu wa champignon. Komabe, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo achilendo, amawonedwa mosiyana ndi oimira chikhalidwe cha banja ili. Pamwamba pa kapu ya raincoat ndi yosagwirizana, yokutidwa ndi zigawo zazing'ono zomwe zimafanana ndi misana kapena singano. Chifukwa chakuti spores zambiri zonga ufa zimapanga mu bowa, zimatchedwa fumbi, siponji ya fodya kapena bowa wa fodya. Zovala zamvula nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'nkhalango ndipo zimakula bwino pafupifupi pafupifupi dothi lamtundu uliwonse.
Kodi mungapeze kuti ndipo mu nyengo yanji?
Bowa wa puffball umapezeka m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi za coniferous, pa kapinga, m'minda, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, ngakhale m'minda. Amakula m'magulu, koma nthawi zina zotsatsira limodzi zimamera. Chovala chamvula chokhala ngati mapeyala chimamveka bwino pamitengo yovunda yamitengo yophukira.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya bowa, puffball ilibe tsinde. Bowa ndi mpira wotsekedwa wa mtundu woyera, wachikasu kapena wofiirira. Mwa mitundu ina, pseudopod imatha kuwoneka, yomwe kwenikweni ndi gawo la thupi la bowa. Pa kukhwima, raincoat imatsegula kumtunda kwa kapu, kumene spores zambiri zimatulutsidwa. Mphepoyo imanyamula njerezo kumadera apafupi ndi akutali, motero bowawo amabalalika kupita kumalo atsopano.
M'madera otentha, ma raincoats amapezeka kale kumapeto kwa May. Nthawi zambiri otola bowa amawatenga kuyambira Julayi mpaka Okutobala. Kuti mutenge malaya amvula, ndi bwino kupita kunkhalango tsiku lachiwiri mvula itatha. Zoona zake n’zakuti bowa wa mtundu umenewu amamwa madzi m’nthaka. Mvula ikangogwa, malaya amvula amatupa ndikukhala ngati odzola.
Mitundu ya bowa wa puffball
Zovala zamvula zambiri zimadyedwa. Komabe, pali chinthu china chofunikira - bowa akhoza kudyedwa pamene ali woyera. Chovala chaching'ono chamvula chimakhala ndi fungo labwino, kukoma kosangalatsa komanso mawonekedwe osakhwima. Pambuyo posintha mtundu, ma raincoats samasonkhanitsidwa.
chimphona
Chimphona chachikulu cha raincoat (lat. Langermannia gigantea) chimatchedwa golovach kapena bowa wamkulu chifukwa cha kukula kwake kodabwitsa. Amamera m'minda, madambo kapena nkhalango zodula. Pakati pa Russia, mtundu uwu wa raincoat ndi wosowa.
Kulemera kwa mvula imodzi yotere kumatha kufika 8 kg, ndipo m'mimba mwake kumatha kufika 50 cm. Kunja, bowa ndi mpira waukulu. Maonekedwewo akhoza kuphwanyidwa pang'ono. Khungu la kapu ndi losalala kapena lophimbidwa ndi khungu lofanana ndi flake. Bowa wamng'onoyo ndi woyera mu mtundu, pamene akucha, amakhala wauve wobiriwira. Kapangidwe ka zamkati ndi crumbly, wachifundo kwambiri.
woboola pakati
Puffball yooneka ngati peyala (lat. Lycoperdon pyriforme) inatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a thupi la fruiting, lofanana ndi peyala. Bowa amatha kukula mpaka 4-5 cm, ndipo m'mbali mwake, kutalika kwa kapu kumatha kufika 7-9 cm.
Thupi lachipatso la raincoat ngati peyala limakutidwa ndi khungu lawiri, lili ndi pseudopod lalifupi. Chigoba chakunja cha bowa chaching'ono ndi chachikopa, chonyezimira, choyera choyera, chophimbidwa ndi mamba, ming'alu. Bowa likamakalamba, spikes amagwa, khungu lakunja limasweka, ndipo khungu lamkati limakhala lotuwa kapena lachikasu. Pambuyo pake, chipolopolo chamkati chimatsegula, chomwe chimakwirira spores.
Kuchuluka kwa ulusi wamkati wa mvula yaing'ono imasiyanitsidwa ndi kuyera koyera, konunkhira kwambiri, koma kopanda kukoma. Nthawi yosonkhanitsa ma raincoats ooneka ngati peyala ndi kuyambira July mpaka October.
Yaminga
Prickly raincoat (lat. Lycoperdon perlatum) amatchedwa ngale. Mayina ena otchuka ndi prosaic - singano, mabulosi akutchire. Bowa wa spiny si wamkulu - umakula mpaka 4 cm m'litali ndi mpaka 7 cm mulifupi. Maonekedwe a raincoat ndi mapeyala, ophwanyika pang'ono.
Thupi la fruiting limakutidwa ndi nembanemba ya spiny kapena warty. Mbalame yachinyamatayo imakhala yoyera, imakhala imvi kapena yofiirira-bulauni ikakhwima. Kusintha kwa mtundu kumasonyeza kuti bowa sayenera kudyedwa. Spiky puffball imakololedwa kuyambira koyambirira kwa Julayi mpaka masiku oyamba a Seputembala.
Golovach oblong
Golovach oblong (lat. Calvatia excipuliformis) amawoneka ngati mpira wawung'ono, wokoka pamodzi pansi. Kanema wakunja ndi wosalala poyang'ana koyamba, koma ngati muyang'ana mosamala, mutha kuzindikira misana yaying'ono, yopyapyala. Ulusi woyera wamkati umasonyeza kuti bowa ndi wamng'ono. Mu malaya amvula okhwima, amakhala akuda kwambiri, pafupifupi akuda.
Golovach oblong akhoza kusokonezeka ndi raincoat zabodza. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti bowa wodyedwa waphimbidwa ndi singano ndipo alibe pseudopod.
Meadow raincoat
Meadow raincoat (lat. Vascellum pratense kapena Lycoperdon pratense) ndi bowa mu mawonekedwe a mpira woyera wokhala ndi pseudopod yokwinya. Pamene mvula ikukula, khungu lakunja limakhala lolimba, limakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni. Meadow raincoat ikhoza kutchedwa yaying'ono - kukula kwake kumayambira 1 mpaka 5 masentimita mu msinkhu ndi m'mimba mwake.
Sonkhanitsani bowa pa kapinga ndi m'mbali mwa nkhalango. Zovala zazing'ono zokha zokhala ndi thupi loyera ngati chipale chofewa ndizoyenera kudya. Mkati mwa bowa wokhwima ndi bulauni.
[Kanema] Zothandiza komanso zochiritsa za malaya amvula:
zikuchokera
Kuphunzira za kapangidwe ka puffballs kunayamba pambuyo pophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito bowa pazakudya. Zotsatira zamaphunzirowa zidatsimikizira kuti raincoat itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza:
Kuonjezera chitetezo katundu wa thupi.
Kulimbikitsa njira za metabolic.
Kutsegula kwa ntchito za dongosolo la mtima.
Kufunika kusiya magazi.
Zotsatira pa zotupa zosiyanasiyana genesis.
Machiritso odziwika bwino amaperekedwa ndi kuchuluka kwamtundu wa raincoat zamkati. Lili ndi mchere, mavitamini ndi amino acid, antibacterial zinthu:
Calcium ndiyofunikira pa thanzi la mafupa ndikumanga maselo atsopano.
Sodium - imasunga acid-base balance, imayendetsa ma enzyme.
Chromium - imakhudzidwa ndi kagayidwe kazakudya zama protein, chakudya, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi chitetezo chamthupi.
Iodine - imathandizira thanzi la chithokomiro, imathandizira kuzindikira.
Potaziyamu ndiyofunikira pa thanzi la mtima, minofu ndi mitsempha yamagazi.
Iron ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha hematopoiesis.
Fluorine - imayambitsa kachulukidwe ka enamel ya dzino.
Phosphorus - imakhudzidwa ndi mineralization ya mafupa.
Molybdenum - imathandizira kaphatikizidwe ka amino acid, imalepheretsa zinthu zoyipa.
Zinc - yofunikira pa thanzi la genitourinary system, kaphatikizidwe ka kugonana, mahomoni a anabolic.
Rubidium - amatenga nawo gawo muzochita za antihistamine.
Phenylalanine - amathandiza thanzi la chapakati mantha dongosolo.
Cysteine - yofunikira pakupanga kolajeni, tsitsi ndi thanzi la khungu.
Tryptophan - imakhudzidwa ndi katulutsidwe ka serotonin, imapereka thanzi lamalingaliro.
Methionine - imachotsa zinthu zovulaza, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi.
Vitamini D imakhudzidwa m'njira zonse zofunika m'thupi kuyambira pakusungidwa kwa mafupa mpaka kutenga pakati.
Mavitamini a B ndi ofunikira kuti atetezere mitsempha ya mitsempha, thanzi la msana ndi ubongo.
Mavitamini K, C, E, H, PP amatenga nawo gawo muzochita zama biochemical mu kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni, ma enzyme, amakhudza magazi, komanso amakhala ndi antioxidant katundu.
Ndi kuchuluka kotereku, magalamu 100 a bowa wa raincoat adalemba:
Gologolo - 4 g.
Zhirov - 1 g.
Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu - 1 g.
Voliyumu yomweyi imakhala ndi 27 kcal yokha, yomwe imapangitsa kuti mvula ikhale gawo labwino kwambiri lazakudya.
Zotsatira zoyipa
Zovala zamvula zakucha, komanso zomwe zidasonkhanitsidwa m'malo osagwirizana ndi chilengedwe, m'misewu, pafupi ndi mafakitale. Izi bowa, amene anasonkhanitsa poizoni, radionuclides, zoipa mankhwala, kupeza poizoni katundu.
Kugwiritsa ntchito raincoats ndi contraindicated:
Ndi thupi lawo siligwirizana mtundu uliwonse wa bowa.
Azimayi apakati ndi oyamwitsa.
Ana osakwana zaka 10.
Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso.
M`nthawi ya exacerbation m`mimba matenda.
Ndi munthu tsankho aliyense bowa.
Makoti amvula ndi bowa wokoma kwambiri komanso wowutsa mudyo wokhala ndi zamkati wofewa kwambiri, wokoma modabwitsa. Zimakhala zovuta kudutsa ma raincoats m'nkhalango chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo achilendo komanso mawonekedwe odabwitsa. Pothyola bowa, muyenera kusamala kwambiri kuti musalowetse zitsanzo zapoizoni mudengu. Pali malaya amvula onyenga omwe sakhala owopsa, koma osayenera chakudya.
Zitsanzo zazing'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya, zomwe thupi limakhala loyera ngati chipale chofewa. Mvula yamvula imaphika, yokazinga mu poto kapena moto, yophikidwa ndi masamba ena, kuphatikizapo sauces zosiyanasiyana. Mu marinated ndi zouma mawonekedwe, iwo mwangwiro kusunga zakudya zawo, mankhwala.