Zamkatimu
Werengani iwe wekha ndikuuza mnzako! Momwe mungadzitetezere ku khansa ya m'mimba ndipo amathandizidwa bwanji?
Mu 2020, milandu yopitilira 13 ya khansa ya ovari idalembetsedwa ku Russia. Ndizovuta kuziletsa, komanso kuzizindikira kumayambiriro: palibe zizindikiro zenizeni.
Pamodzi ndi obstetrician-gynecologist wa "CM-Clinic" Ivan Valerievich Komar, tinaganiza kuti ndani ali pachiopsezo, momwe tingachepetsere mwayi wokhala ndi khansa ya m'mimba komanso momwe tingachitire ngati zichitika.
Kodi khansa ya ovarian ndi chiyani
Selo lililonse m’thupi la munthu limakhala ndi moyo wautali. Pamene selo likukula, kukhala ndi moyo ndikugwira ntchito, limakhala lodzaza ndi zinyalala ndipo limapanga masinthidwe. Zikakhala zambiri, selo limafa. Koma nthawi zina chinachake chimasweka, ndipo m’malo mofa, selo lopanda thanzilo limapitiriza kugawanika. Ngati pali ambiri mwa maselowa, ndipo maselo ena oteteza chitetezo alibe nthawi yowawononga, khansa ikuwoneka.
Khansara ya ovarian imapezeka m'matumbo a m'mimba, minyewa yoberekera yachikazi yomwe imatulutsa mazira ndipo ndiyo gwero lalikulu la mahomoni achikazi. Mtundu wa chotupa zimadalira selo mmene anachokera. Mwachitsanzo, zotupa za epithelial zimayambira m'maselo a epithelial a chubu. 80% ya zotupa za m'chiberekero zili choncho. Koma si ma neoplasms onse omwe ali owopsa.
Zizindikiro za khansa ya ovarian ndi chiyani
Gawo lachisanu ndi chiwiri la khansa ya m'mawere simayambitsa zizindikiro. Ndipo ngakhale pambuyo pake, zizindikirozi sizidziwika.
Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zake ndi:
kupweteka, kutupa, ndi kumverera kwa kulemera m'mimba;
kusapeza ndi ululu m`chiuno dera;
kutuluka kwa magazi m'maliseche kapena kumaliseche kwachilendo pambuyo posiya kusamba;
kukhuta mofulumira kapena kutaya chilakolako;
kusintha chizolowezi cha chimbudzi: kukodza pafupipafupi, kudzimbidwa.
Ngati chimodzi mwa zizindikirozi chikuwoneka ndipo sichichoka mkati mwa masabata awiri, muyenera kuwona dokotala. Mwinamwake, iyi si khansa, koma chinthu china, koma popanda kukaonana ndi gynecologist, simungathe kudziwa kapena kuchiza.
Makhansa ambiri poyambilira amakhala asymptomatic, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi khansa ya m'mawere. Komabe, ngati wodwala, mwachitsanzo, ali ndi chotupa chomwe chingakhale chopweteka, izi zidzakakamiza wodwalayo kuti apite kuchipatala ndikuwona kusintha. Koma nthawi zambiri, palibe zizindikiro. Ndipo ngati ziwoneka, ndiye kuti chotupacho chikhoza kukhala chachikulu kale kukula kapena kukhudza ziwalo zina. Chifukwa chake, upangiri waukulu ndikuti musadikire zizindikiro ndikuchezera gynecologist nthawi zonse.
Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a khansa ya ovary amapezeka mu gawo loyamba kapena lachiwiri, pamene chotupacho chimangokhala m'mimba mwake. Izi nthawi zambiri zimapereka chithunzithunzi chabwino chamankhwala. Theka la milandu ndi wapezeka mu gawo lachitatu, pamene metastases kuonekera m`mimba patsekeke. Ndipo otsala 20%, wodwala wachisanu aliyense akudwala khansa yamchiberekero, wapezeka pa siteji yachinayi, pamene metastases kufalikira thupi lonse.
Ndani ali pachiwopsezo
Sizingatheke kuneneratu kuti ndani adzadwala khansa ndi amene sangatero. Komabe, pali zowopsa zomwe zimawonjezera mwayiwu.
Zaka Zakale: Khansara ya Ovarian nthawi zambiri imapezeka pakati pa zaka za 50-60.
Kusintha kobadwa nako mu majini a BRCA1 ndi BRCA2 omwe amawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere. Mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi masinthidwe mu BRCA1 pofika zaka 80, adzakhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere, ndipo ndi BRCA2 - 11-17%.
Khansara ya m'mawere kapena ya m'mawere mwa achibale apamtima.
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) pambuyo posiya kusamba. Mtengo wa HRT , yomwe imabwerera ku mlingo wapitawo ndi mapeto a kumwa mankhwala.
Kuyamba msanga kwa msambo ndi kuchedwa kwa msambo.
Kubadwa koyamba pambuyo pa zaka 35 kapena kusapezeka kwa ana pazaka izi.
Kunenepa kwambiri kumakhalanso koopsa. Matenda ambiri a oncological aakazi amadalira estrogen, ndiye kuti, amayamba chifukwa cha ma estrogens, mahomoni ogonana achikazi. Amapangidwa ndi thumba losunga mazira, mwina ndi ma adrenal glands ndi minofu ya adipose. Ngati pali minofu yambiri ya adipose, ndiye kuti padzakhala estrogen yambiri, kotero kuti mwayi wodwala ndi wapamwamba.
Momwe khansa ya m'mawere imachiritsidwa
Kuchiza kumatengera momwe khansayo ilili, thanzi lake, komanso ngati mayiyo ali ndi ana. Nthawi zambiri, odwala amadutsa opaleshoni kuchotsa chotupacho limodzi ndi chemotherapy kupha maselo otsala. Kale pa gawo lachitatu, metastases, monga lamulo, amakula m'mimba, ndipo pamenepa dokotala angakulimbikitseni njira imodzi ya chemotherapy - njira ya HIPEC.
HIPEC ndi hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Pofuna kulimbana ndi zotupa, mimba ya m'mimba imathandizidwa ndi njira yotentha ya mankhwala a chemotherapy, omwe, chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, amawononga maselo a khansa.
Ndondomekoyi imakhala ndi magawo atatu. Choyamba ndi kuchotsa opaleshoni yooneka yoopsa neoplasms. Pa gawo lachiwiri, ma catheters amalowetsedwa m'mimba, momwe njira yothetsera mankhwala a chemotherapy imatenthedwa mpaka 42-43 ° C. Kutentha kumeneku ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa 36,6 ° C, kotero masensa owongolera kutentha amayikidwanso m'mimba. Gawo lachitatu ndi lomaliza. Patsekeke watsukidwa, incisions ndi sutured. Njirayi imatha kutenga maola asanu ndi atatu.
Kupewa khansa ya ovarian
Palibe njira yosavuta yodzitetezera ku khansa ya ovarian. Koma monga pali zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera ngozi, palinso zomwe zimachepetsa. Zina ndizosavuta kuzitsatira, zina zimafunikira opaleshoni. Nazi njira zina zopewera khansa ya ovarian.
Kupewa zinthu zoopsa: kunenepa kwambiri, kudya zakudya zosayenera, kapena kumwa HRT mukatha msinkhu.
Tengani njira zakulera pakamwa. Azimayi omwe adawagwiritsa ntchito kwa zaka zopitirira zisanu ali ndi theka la chiopsezo cha khansa ya ovarian kusiyana ndi amayi omwe sanagwiritsepo ntchito. Komabe, kumwa njira zakulera zapakamwa sikukulitsa kwambiri mwayi wa khansa ya m'mawere. Choncho, si ntchito kokha kupewa khansa.
Lumikizani machubu, chotsani chiberekero ndi mazira. Kawirikawiri, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mayiyo ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ndipo ali ndi ana. Opaleshoni ikatha, satenga mimba.
Kuyamwitsa. kuti kudya kwa chaka kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya ovarian ndi 34%.
Pitani kwa gynecologist wanu pafupipafupi. Pakufufuza, dokotala amayang'ana kukula ndi kapangidwe ka thumba losunga mazira ndi chiberekero, ngakhale kuti zotupa zambiri zoyambirira zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira. The gynecologist ayenera kupereka transvaginal ultrasound wa m`chiuno ziwalo kuti afufuze. Ndipo ngati mkazi ali pagulu la anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, mwachitsanzo, ali ndi masinthidwe amtundu wa BRCA (majini awiri BRCA1 ndi BRCA2, omwe amatanthauza "mtundu wa khansa ya m'mawere" mu Chingerezi), ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuwonjezera. kuyezetsa magazi kwa CA-125 ndi chotupa HE-4. Kuwunika kwanthawi zonse, monga mammography ya khansa ya m'mawere, kudakalipobe khansa ya m'mawere.