Mogwirizana ndi cholinga chake, Board of Editorial Board ya MedTvoiLokony imayesetsa kupereka zodalirika zachipatala mothandizidwa ndi chidziwitso chaposachedwa cha sayansi. Mbendera yowonjezerapo "Zofufuza Zomwe Zili" zikuwonetsa kuti nkhaniyi idawunikidwa kapena kulembedwa ndi dokotala mwachindunji. Kutsimikiza kwa magawo awiri awa: mtolankhani wazachipatala komanso dokotala amatilola kuti tipereke zomwe zili zapamwamba kwambiri mogwirizana ndi chidziwitso chamankhwala chamakono.
Kudzipereka kwathu m'derali kwayamikiridwa, pakati pa ena, ndi Association of Journalists for Health, yomwe inapatsa Bungwe la Editorial la MedTvoiLokony ndi mutu waulemu wa Mphunzitsi Wamkulu.
Kulira, mantha, nkhanza, kupatukana ndi makolo - kukhumudwa ndi kupanduka kwa achinyamata ndizofanana. Zuzanna Opolska amalankhula ndi Robert Banasiewicz, wothandizira, za momwe angawasiyanitse. October 10 ndi World Mental Health Day.
- 25 peresenti ya achinyamata amafunikira chithandizo chamaganizo. Ana sangathe kupirira kusungulumwa, kupsinjika maganizo, mavuto a kusukulu ndi kunyumba
- Matenda ovutika maganizo amasonyezedwa ndi 20 peresenti. ana ndi achinyamata osakwana zaka 18. Kuvutika maganizo ndi 4 mpaka 8 peresenti. achinyamata
- Tisaone kupanduka kwachinyamata kwa wachinyamata aliyense monga chinthu chachibadwa chimene mwanayo angakule. Khalidwe limeneli lingakhale chizindikiro cha kuvutika maganizo. Izi sizimawonetsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu ndi chisoni nthawi zonse. Nthawi zina, m'malo mwake, ndi kukwiya kwakukulu, chiwawa, kuphulika kwa kulira
Zuzanna Opolska, MedTvoiLokony: Zizindikiro za kuvutika maganizo kwa achinyamata ndizosiyana ndi akuluakulu, nthawi zambiri zimafanana ndi kupanduka. Kodi mungasiyanitse bwanji wina ndi mzake?
Robert Banasiewicz, Therapist: Choyamba, n’chifukwa chiyani kusiyanitsa? Ndikuganiza kuti sitiyenera kupeputsa kupanduka kwachinyamata. Ndikudziwa za zigawenga zambiri zomwe zinatha momvetsa chisoni komanso kupsinjika maganizo komwe, ngati kuyendetsedwa bwino, kunathandiza achinyamata. Chachiwiri, chifukwa cha kufanana kwa zizindikiro, sikophweka kusiyanitsa. Kupanduka kwaunyamata nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwaufupi komanso kwamphamvu. Kutha msinkhu ndi nthawi yovuta m'miyoyo yathu - chilichonse ndi chofunikira, champhamvu kwambiri komanso chosokoneza mtima. Ndi bwino kusinkhasinkha, kukumbukira zakale zanu.
Ndi makhalidwe ati amene ayenera kutidetsa nkhawa? Kukwiya, nkhanza, kusiya kucheza ndi anzanu?
Chilichonse chomwe chimatsagana ndi kupanduka kwa achinyamata chingakhale chosokoneza: kusintha khalidwe, kupatukana ndi makolo, kutsika magiredi, kujomba kusukulu, zidziwitso zowopsa zochokera kwa aphunzitsi, “zatsopano”, mabwenzi okayikitsa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyang'ana momwe ubale wathu ukuwonekera. Kodi ndimadziwa anzanga amwana wanga? Nkaambo nzi ncotweelede kucita kuzwa kucikolo? Kodi akumvetsera nyimbo zotani? Kodi amakonda kuchita chiyani pa nthawi yake yopuma? Kodi amayendera masamba ati? Kaya mwanayo ali ndi vuto la kuvutika maganizo kapena ali ndi vuto lachigawenga, akufunafuna chithandizo ... Izi zikhoza kukhala mankhwala, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mowa - zilizonse zomwe angapeze.
Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kwambiri - kudzidula, kuyesa kudzipha ...
Ndizowona. Pamsonkhano wa chaka chatha wakuti “Teenage Mutiny or Adolescent Depression – How to Diuction it?” ku Pustniki, ndinapeza kuti wamng’ono kwambiri ku Poland amene anadzipha anali ndi zaka 6. Sindinavomereze izi. Zinandichulukira. Deta ikuwonetsa kuti mu 2016, achinyamata 481 adayesa kudzipha, ndipo 161 mwa iwo adadzipha. Izi ndi ziwerengero zazikulu zomwe zimagwira ntchito kudziko lathu komanso chaka chimodzi chokha.
Ziwerengero zaku Britain zikuwonetsa kuti achinyamata amayamba kukhumudwa ali ndi zaka 14, kodi zomwe mwakumana nazo zimatsimikizira izi?
Inde, kuvutika maganizo pa msinkhu uno kungadziwonetsere. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti iyi ndi njira yomwe imayambira penapake. Kupatulapo kuti ana athu amaphunzira ma equation ndi formulations kusukulu, ali ndi mavuto awoawo. Amakhala m’nyumba zosiyanasiyana ndipo amachokera m’mabanja osiyanasiyana. Ndi angati mwa iwo omwe amaleredwa ndi agogo, ndipo angati ndi amayi okha? Ana akuyesera kuthana ndi zonsezi, akhala akuyesera kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo ali ndi zaka 14 pali chinachake chonga ichi chomwe amayesa kukuwa. Izi ndizomwe ndimawona ndikamagwira ntchito ndi ana. Nthawi zina timawafunsa kwambiri. Maola asanu ndi atatu a maphunziro kusukulu, kuphunzitsa, makalasi owonjezera. Ndi makolo angati omwe amafuna Chitchaina, piyano kapena tenisi? Ndikunena dala - makolo. Ndimamvetsetsa chilichonse, koma kodi ana athu ayenera kukhala opambana pa chilichonse? Kodi sangakhale ana basi?
Pali "makolo a helikopita" ochulukirapo ku Poland. Kodi choyikapo nyali chomwe timayala chingakhale ndende?
Pali kusiyana pakati pa kusamala ndi kuteteza mopambanitsa. Mosiyana ndi mmene timaganizira, “kuteteza makolo mopambanitsa masiku ano” sikutanthauza kulankhula kapena kukhala limodzi. Ife tiribe nthawi ya izo. Komabe, timatha kuchotsa bwino zopinga zonse panjira ya ana athu. Sitimawaphunzitsa mmene angachitire zinthu zitavuta kwambiri ndipo timatsitsa ulamuliro wa aphunzitsi mopanda chifukwa. M’mbuyomu, mayi anga atapita kuchipinda chochitira misonkhano, ndinali m’mavuto. Masiku ano ndi zosiyana. Ngati kholo lifika kumsonkhano, mphunzitsiyo ali m’mavuto. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ana samakumana ndi zovuta zomwe zimayenera kupanga ma antibodies mwa iwo. Nthawi zambiri ndimamva mawu akuti: mwana wanga akuvutika kusukulu. Ndi zachilendo - 80 peresenti. ophunzira amavutika kusukulu. Ino ncinzi ncotweelede kucita? Kodi ndingachizindikire?
Funso lokhazikika la makolo: sukulu inali bwanji? – osakwanira?
Ndi funso ana ali ndi zosefera awo. Ayankha bwino ndipo tikumva kuti zonse zili bwino. Pali kulumikizana, koma palibe kulumikizana. Zikuoneka kuti chinachake chiyenera kusinthidwa. Khalani ndi mwanayo patebulo, yang'anani iye m'maso ndikuyankhula ngati ndi wamkulu. Funsani: akumva bwanji lero? Ngakhale atatiyesa ngati mlendo nthawi yoyamba ... Kachiwiri zikhala bwino. Tsoka ilo, akuluakulu ambiri amaganiza kuti mwana ndi "zinthu zaumunthu".
Wotchuka: ana ndi nsomba alibe mawu. Kumbali ina, tili ndi makolo omwe satimvetsetsa, ndipo kumbali ina, tili ndi malo a anzathu omwe sitingathe kudzipeza nthawi zonse. Kodi ana alibe luso locheza ndi anthu?
Osati iwo okha. Pajatu ndife nyama zoyamwitsa ndipo, mofanana ndi nyama zonse zoyamwitsa, timaphunzira potengera makolo athu. Ngati tidzipatula tokha pafoni, mafoni am'manja ndi laputopu, chitsanzo ichi ndi chiyani?
Nangano, kodi akulu ali ndi mlandu?
Sikuti kupeza wolakwayo. Tikukhala mu zenizeni zenizeni ndipo zidzakhala choncho. Kumbali imodzi, tili ndi ma accelerator ochulukirachulukira, komano, kukakamiza kwakunja ndi kwakukulu. Mfundo yakuti kuwirikiza katatu akazi amavutika maganizo kuposa amuna ndi chifukwa cha chinachake. Chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwa fano - mkazi ayenera kukhala wochepa, wokongola komanso wamng'ono. Apo ayi, palibe choyang'ana pamagulu. N’chimodzimodzinso ndi munthu wodwala. Timafunikira anthu omwe sadaipitsidwe ndi zowawa zilizonse ndi masautso, ena amatisowetsa mtendere.
M'modzi mwa zoyankhulana mudanena kuti ana alibe chidziwitso chamalingaliro. Ophunzira sangatchule malingaliro awo?
Iwo satero, koma ifenso sititero. Ndikakufunsani, mukumva chiyani pano komanso pano?
Lingakhale vuto ...
Ndendende, ndipo pali malingaliro osachepera mazana anayi. Ana, mofanana ndi ife, ali ndi vuto lodzizindikira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndimanena nthawi zambiri kuti maphunziro amalingaliro monga phunziro kusukulu ndi ofunikira monga chemistry kapena masamu. Ana amafunadi kulankhula za zomwe akumva, zomwe iwo ali, zomwe akufuna kukhala ...
Amafuna mayankho…
Inde, ngati ndibwera ku phunziro ndikunena kuti: lero tikukamba za mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ophunzira adzandifunsa: Kodi ndingakonde kudziwa chiyani? Iwo ali ophunzitsidwa bwino kwambiri pankhaniyi. Koma ndikayika Zosia pakati pachipinda ndikufunsa kuti: zomwe akumva, sakudziwa. Ndimufunsa Kasia amene wakhala pafupi nawe: ukuganiza bwanji, Zosia akumva bwanji? - Mwina manyazi - ndi yankho. Choncho wina kumbali amatha kutchula dzina ndi kuvala nsapato za Zosia. Ngati sitikulitsa chifundo ku Kasia - ndizoipa, ndipo ngati sitiphunzitsa kudzidziwitsa kwa Zosia - ndizoipa kwambiri.
Kodi achinyamata amene akudwala matenda ovutika maganizo amawasamalira ngati anthu akuluakulu?
Pali ndithu kusiyana njira ya vuto kwa akuluakulu ndi ana, zinthu zinachitikira munthu, nzeru m'moyo, kukana kupsyinjika. Zachidziwikire, pochiza ana ndi achinyamata, payenera kukhala dzina losiyana pang'ono, apo ayi ndikofunikira kufikira zomwe zili. Ubale wochiritsira umamangidwanso mosiyana. Komabe, tili ndi mutu womwewo. Wina ndi wamng'ono, wina ndi wamkulu, koma mwamuna. M'malingaliro anga, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi kukhumudwa, kuphunzira kukhala nako ngakhale zili choncho. Chotero ngati kuvutika maganizo kundigoneka, kundikulunga m’bulangete ndi kundikakamiza kugona mumdima, kungandipulumutse ku zosankha zina zazikulu. Ndikayamba kuziona motere, ndimafuna kuyamikira kwambiri monga Wiktor Osiatyński, yemwe anati: “Ndikanapanda kupeza mowa, bwenzi nditadzipha. Ndimakumbukira bwino vuto langa lomwe ndinali nalo - ndinali kusudzulana, ndinachotsedwa ntchito, ndinali ndi vuto la thanzi ndipo mwadzidzidzi ndinagwera m'miyezi itatu yachibwanabwana ndi opanda chiyembekezo. Chodabwitsa n’chakuti ndinapulumuka. M'malo motaya mphamvu polimbana ndi kuvutika maganizo, m'pofunika kumvetsa ndikuwongolera. Mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe timamwa, timafunikirabe kudzuka ndikupeza chifukwa chokwanira chokhala ndi moyo tsiku lililonse.
Deta ikuwonetsa kuti matenda ovutika maganizo amapezeka mu 20 peresenti. ana ndi achinyamata osakwana zaka 18. Potsutsana ndi anthu akuluakulu - ndi zambiri kapena zochepa?
Ndikuganiza kuti zikuwoneka zofanana kwambiri. Koma n’chifukwa chiyani amatchula manambala? Kungodetsa nkhawa ena onse? Mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwake, tikuchitabe manyazi ndi kupsinjika maganizo. Dziko lonse lakhala likulankhula za izi kwa nthawi yayitali ngati matenda otukuka, ndipo tikukhala m'madzi akumbuyo. Muyenera kuvomereza ndikupeza mayankho, osati azamankhwala okha. M'malo mokwiya ndikukwiyira chifukwa chiyani ine?, tiyenera kutenga nawo mbali pazamankhwala. Dziwani zomwe kupsinjika maganizo kumandipatsa komanso momwe ndingakhalire nazo. Ndikakhala ndi matenda a shuga ndipo adokotala akundiuza kuti ndimwe insulin, sindimatsutsana naye. Ngati, komabe, andilembera chithandizo, ndimati: nthawi ina ... Ngati, monga ndikulota, masukulu ali ndi maphunziro okhudza maganizo, ndipo misonkhano ndi maphunziro okhudza matenda ovutika maganizo anakonzedwa kuntchito, zingakhale zosiyana. Ife, kumbali ina, timalankhula za kukhumudwa chaka chilichonse pa 23.02/XNUMX, kenako kuiwala za izo. Nthawi zambiri, timakonda kukondwerera zikondwerero - Tsiku Lapadziko Lonse Lolimbana ndi Kukhumudwa, tidzakuwonani pa msonkhano wotsatira.
N'chifukwa chiyani kuvutika maganizo kumabwereranso komanso momwe mungathanirane nako?
Robert Banasiewicz, katswiri wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo