M'zaka za m'ma 1960, Paul D. MacLean, dokotala waku America komanso neurobiologist, adapanga lingaliro la utatu, ndikufotokozera gulu laubongo magawo atatu: ubongo wa reptilian, limbic brain, ndi neo-cortex brain. Masiku ano akuwonetsedwa ngati achikale komanso onyozeka, tikupezabe dzina ili la "ubongo wa reptili" wokhudza gawo laubongo lomwe tidalandira kuchokera kwa zokwawa zaka 250 miliyoni zapitazo. Kodi ubongo wobwezeretsa umatanthauzanji panthawi yamfundoyi? Kodi zinali zotani? Kodi pali kutsutsana kotani komwe kwasokoneza chiphunzitsochi?

Malinga ndi Dr. Paul D. Maclean ndi malingaliro ake omwe adakhazikitsidwa mzaka za 1960, ubongo wathu udagawika m'magulu atatu akulu: ubongo wamagulu (wopangidwa ndi hippocampus, amygdala ndi hypothalamus), neo-cortex (yopanga ma hemispheres awiri a ubongo) ndipo pamapeto pake ubongo wa reptilia, umakhala zaka 500 miliyoni m'mitundu yazinyama. Magawo atatuwa amalumikizana koma amagwira ntchito ngati mabungwe odziyimira pawokha. Ubongo wa zokwawa nthawi zambiri umatchedwa "ubongo wabwinobwino", chifukwa umagwira ntchito zofunika kwambiri za thupi.

Ubongo wamakedzana ndi wakale, ubongo wobwezeretsa umakwaniritsa zosowa zoyambira ndikuwongolera ntchito zofunika za thupi:

• kupuma;
• kutentha kwa thupi;
• chakudya;
• kubereka;
• pafupipafupi mtima.

Umatchedwanso "wachikale" ubongo, chifukwa chokhala ndi zamoyo (nsomba) kwazaka zopitilira 500 miliyoni, ndi ubongo womwe umayambitsa zamoyo, zomwe zimayambitsa zochitika monga kuthawa kapena kuwuluka. nkhanza, zikhumbo, chibadwa chobalana ndi cholinga chosunga zamoyozo. Ubongo wazinyalala udayamba kukhala amphibiya ndipo udafika pachimake pazakudya zokwawa, pafupifupi zaka 250 miliyoni zapitazo.

Zimaphatikizapo ubongo ndi cerebellum, makamaka zomwe zimapanga ubongo wa chokwawa. Wodalirika kwambiri, ubongo uwu komabe umakhala mukuyendetsa ndikukakamiza. Wopanda chidwi kuti adziwe, ubongowu umakhala ndi chikumbutso chanthawi yochepa, osalola kuti usinthe kapena kusintha, monga neo-cortex.

Zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndikuzindikira monga chidwi, zimawongolera machitidwe amantha ndi chisangalalo. Ndi ubongo wamagulu (inde kapena ayi), kukondoweza komweko kumabweretsa yankho lomwelo. Kuyankha mwachangu, kofanana ndi kusanja. Kutengera ndi chidziwitso chomwe chaperekedwa kuubongo, kupanga zisankho ndizofunika, ndipo ubongo wa reptilia umalanda ubongo wa limbic ndi neo-cortex.

Malingaliro okakamiza (zamatsenga, zovuta zongokakamiza) amachokera muubongo wobwezeretsa. Komanso, kusowa kwathu pagulu kudalira wolamulira wamkulu, kapena kufunikira kwathu kokhudzana ndi miyambo (zachipembedzo, zachikhalidwe, zachikhalidwe, zachikhalidwe, ndi zina zambiri).

Otsatsa ndi otsatsa malonda amadziwanso izi: Munthu wodalira ubongo wake wobwezeretsedwayo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta. Kudzera pazakudya kapena zakugonana, amalankhula mwachindunji gawo ili laubongo, ndikupeza machitidwe "okakamiza" kuchokera kwa anthu awa. Palibe chisinthiko kudzera pa zokumana nazo zomwe zingatheke kamodzi kokha kubwereza komwe kuchitapo kanthu kulembetsa.

Pali chizolowezi chokhulupirira kuti kuti tikhale pakati pa anthu, munthu amangofunikira nzeru zake zokha, chifukwa chake amangogwiritsa ntchito ubongo wake wam'manja. Cholakwika! Ubongo wa reptilian sikuti ungopulumuka kokha.

Kuphatikiza pa chibadwa chathu choberekera chomwe chapatsidwa kwa ife, ndipo chomwe chimatigwirira ntchito osachidziwa pamaso pa anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi anzathu, chimatithandizira pazomwe timachita zomwe ndizofunikira kwa ife m'moyo wathu. Mwachitsanzo, timatha kupsa mtima, malingaliro am'magawo ndi machitidwe omwe amapezeka olumikizana ndi anthu, miyambo yachipembedzo, ndi zina zambiri.

Lingaliro laubongo lokhazikitsidwa ndi Paul D. Maclean mzaka za 1960 lakhala lovuta kwambiri mzaka zaposachedwa ndi kafukufuku wasayansi. Sitikana kukhalapo kwa ubongo mu zokwawa, koma kulumikizana pakati pa ubongo wawo ndi ubongo womwe kale unkatchedwa "reptilian" mwa zinyama, kuphatikiza anthu.

Ubongo wa zokwawa zimawalola kukhala ndi machitidwe owoneka bwino kwambiri, ogwirizana ndi ubongo wapamwamba, monga kukumbukira kapena kuyenda kwa malo. Chifukwa chake sikulakwa kukhulupirira kuti ubongo wa reptilia umangokhala pazofunikira zazikulu komanso zofunika kwambiri.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji lingaliro lolakwika loterolo lakhalapo kwanthawi yayitali?

Kumbali imodzi, pazifukwa zazikhulupiriro zachikhalidwe ndi mafilosofi: "ubongo wa reptilia" umatanthawuza za kuphatikizika kwa chibadwa chaumunthu, chomwe timapeza m'mafilosofi akale kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, chithunzi chaubongo wautatu ichi chikuwoneka kuti chidasinthidwa ndi chithunzi cha Freudian: zomwe zidapangidwa muubongo wautatu zimakhala ndizofanana ndi Freudian "ine", "superego" ndi "id".