Mawanga a inki, zojambula, mitundu yamitundu… Zomwe mayesowa amawulula komanso momwe amakhudzira munthu atakomoka, akufotokoza motero katswiri wa zamaganizo Elena Sokolova.
Palibe munthu amene sanamvepo za mayeso a Rorschach. Makamaka pambuyo pa khalidwe la dzina lomwelo linagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maseŵera otchuka, ndiyeno filimu ndi masewera apakompyuta.
"Rorschach" ndi ngwazi mu chigoba, pomwe mawanga akuda ndi oyera osinthika amayenda nthawi zonse. Amatcha chigoba ichi "nkhope yake yeniyeni". Kotero lingalirolo limalowa mu chikhalidwe cha anthu ambiri kuti kumbuyo kwa maonekedwe (makhalidwe, udindo) omwe timapereka kwa anthu, chinthu china, pafupi kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe chathu, chikhoza kubisika. Lingaliro ili likugwirizana mwachindunji ndi machitidwe a psychoanalytic ndi chiphunzitso cha chikomokere.
Katswiri wazamisala waku Switzerland komanso katswiri wazamisala a Hermann Rorschach adapanga "njira yake ya inkblot" koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX kuti adziwe ngati pali kulumikizana pakati pakupanga ndi mtundu wa umunthu. Koma posakhalitsa mayesowo adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mozama, kuphatikiza maphunziro azachipatala. Linapangidwa ndi kuwonjezeredwa ndi akatswiri a maganizo.
Mayeso a Rorschach ndi mndandanda wa mawanga khumi ofananira. Pakati pawo pali mtundu ndi wakuda-ndi-woyera, «mkazi» ndi «mwamuna» (malinga ndi mtundu wa fano, osati molingana ndi amene iwo anafuna). Mbali yawo yodziwika bwino ndi kusamveka bwino. Palibe "zoyambirira" zomwe zili mkati mwawo, kotero amalola aliyense kuwona china chake.
Kusatsimikizika mfundo
Mkhalidwe wonse woyesera umamangidwa m'njira yopatsa woyesayo ufulu wambiri momwe angathere. Funso lomwe laperekedwa pamaso pake ndi losamveka bwino: "Zingakhale chiyani? Kodi zikuwoneka bwanji?
Iyi ndi mfundo yomweyi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu classical psychoanalysis. Mlengi wake, Sigmund Freud, anagoneka wodwalayo pa kama, ndipo iye anali patali. Wodwalayo adagona chagada: mawonekedwe osadziteteza awa adathandizira kuti abwererenso, kubwereranso koyambirira, zomverera zachibwana.
Wofufuza wosawonekayo adakhala "gawo loyerekeza", wodwalayo adawongolera momwe amamvera mumtima mwake - mwachitsanzo, chisokonezo, mantha, kufunafuna chitetezo. Ndipo popeza panalibe ubale wapakati pakati pa wopenda ndi wodwala, zidawonekeratu kuti machitidwewa anali obadwa mu umunthu wa wodwalayo: wopendayo adathandizira wodwalayo kuzindikira ndikuzindikira.
Momwemonso, kusakhalapo kwa mawanga kumatithandiza kuwona mwa iwo zithunzi zomwe zinalipo kale m'malo athu amaganizo kale: umu ndi momwe njira yowonetsera maganizo imagwirira ntchito.
Projection mfundo
Projection idafotokozedwanso koyamba ndi Sigmund Freud. Njira yamaganizidwe awa imapangitsa kuti tiwone kudziko lakunja zomwe zimachokera ku psyche yathu, koma sizigwirizana ndi kudziwonetsera kwathu. Chifukwa chake, timatengera malingaliro athu, zolinga zathu, malingaliro athu ndi ena ...
Mtsikana wina wazaka 27, dzina lake Pavel, ananena kuti: “Ndinkakhulupirira kuti atsikana onse ankandiyang’ana mosirira, mpaka pamene mnzanga wina ankandiseka. Kenaka ndinazindikira kuti kwenikweni ndikuwafuna, koma ndikuchita manyazi kuvomereza ndekha chikhumbo chowopsya komanso chophatikizapo zonse.
Malinga ndi mfundo ya projekiti, inkblots "ntchito" m'njira yoti munthu, powayang'ana, amapangira zomwe zili mu chikumbumtima chake. Zikuwoneka kwa iye kuti amawona kukhumudwa, kuphulika, chiaroscuro, ndondomeko, mawonekedwe (nyama, anthu, zinthu, ziwalo za thupi), zomwe akufotokoza. Kutengera malongosoledwe awa, katswiri woyesa amalingalira zomwe wokambayo wakumana nazo, zochita zake, komanso chitetezo chake m'malingaliro.
Mfundo Yomasulira
Hermann Rorschach anali ndi chidwi makamaka ndi kugwirizana kwa malingaliro ndi umunthu wa munthu komanso zokumana nazo zowawa. Ankakhulupirira kuti malo osatha omwe adapangidwa ndi iye amachititsa "ekphoria" - ndiko kuti, amachotsa zithunzi kuchokera ku chikomokere zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kumvetsetsa ngati munthu ali ndi luso la kulenga komanso momwe dziko lapansi likuyendera komanso momwe iye mwini amayendera. khalidwe.
Mwachitsanzo, ena anafotokoza malo amodzi mwa mawu a kayendedwe («adzakazi kupanga bedi»). Rorschach adawona ichi ngati chizindikiro cha malingaliro owoneka bwino, luntha lapamwamba, chifundo. Kugogomezera mawonekedwe amtundu wa chithunzicho kukuwonetsa kutengeka kwadziko komanso maubwenzi. Koma mayeso a Rorschach ndi gawo limodzi chabe la matendawa, omwe amaphatikizidwa mu njira yochiritsira yovuta kwambiri kapena upangiri.
“Ndinadana ndi mvulayo, inasanduka chizunzo kwa ine, ndinali wowopa kuwoloka chithaphwi,” akukumbukira motero Inna wazaka 32, amene anatembenukira kwa katswiri wa maganizo ndi vuto limeneli. - Pakuyesedwa, kunapezeka kuti ndinagwirizanitsa madzi ndi mfundo ya amayi, ndipo mantha anga anali kuopa kuyamwa, kubwerera ku boma asanabadwe. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, ndinayamba kumva kukhala wokhwima maganizo, ndipo manthawo anatha.”
Mothandizidwa ndi mayesero, mukhoza kuona malingaliro a chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi machitidwe a maubwenzi: zomwe zimakhala za wodwalayo poyankhulana ndi anthu ena, chidani kapena kukomera mtima, kaya akukonzekera kugwirizana kapena kupikisana. Koma palibe kutanthauzira kumodzi komwe kudzakhala kosamveka, zonsezo zimafufuzidwa mu ntchito ina.
Katswiri yekha ndiye ayenera kutanthauzira zotsatira za mayeso, chifukwa kutanthauzira kofulumira kapena kosalondola kumatha kuwononga. Katswiriyo amaphunzitsidwa nthawi yayitali ya psychoanalytic kuti aphunzire kuzindikira mapangidwe ndi zizindikilo za osadziwa ndikugwirizanitsa mayankho omwe adalandira poyesedwa nawo.