Scutellinia (Scutellinia) chithunzi ndi kufotokoza

Scutellinia (Scutellinia)

• Ciliaria chiyani.
• Humariella J. Schröt.
• Melastiziella Svrcek
• Stereolachne Hohn.
• Trichaleurina Rehm
• Trichaleuris Clem.
• Ciliaria chiyani. ex Boud.

Scutellinia ndi mtundu wa bowa wa banja la Pyronemataceae, mu dongosolo la Pezizales. Pali mitundu khumi ndi iwiri mumtundu, mitundu yopitilira 60 imafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane, yonse, malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, pafupifupi 200 ikuyembekezeka.

Taxton Scutellinia idapangidwa mu 1887 ndi Jean Baptiste Émile Lambotte, yemwe adakweza subgenus Peziza subgen., yomwe idakhalapo kuyambira 1879, pagulu lamtundu.

Bowa wokhala ndi matupi ang'onoang'ono a fruiting ngati makapu ang'onoang'ono kapena saucers, akhoza kukhala concave kapena lathyathyathya, yokutidwa ndi tsitsi labwino m'mbali. Amamera pamtunda, miyala ya mossy, matabwa ndi magawo ena achilengedwe. Mkati mwa fruiting pamwamba (ndi hymenophore) ukhoza kukhala woyera, lalanje kapena mithunzi yosiyanasiyana yofiira, kunja, wosabala - mtundu womwewo kapena bulauni, wokutidwa ndi bristle woonda. Setae bulauni mpaka wakuda, wolimba, woloza.

Thupi la fruiting ndi lokhazikika, kawirikawiri lopanda tsinde (lokhala ndi "gawo la mizu").

Spores ndi hyaline, spherical, ellipsoid kapena spindle yokhala ndi madontho ambiri. Pamwamba pa spores ndi finely ornamented, yokutidwa ndi njerewere kapena spines zosiyanasiyana kukula kwake.

Mitunduyi ndi yofanana kwambiri mu morphology, chizindikiritso chamtundu wamtundu wina chimatheka pokhapokha pazidziwitso zazing'ono za kapangidwe kake.

Kukula kwa Scutellinia sikukukambidwa mozama, ngakhale kuti pali zolembedwa m'mabuku okhudzana ndi kudyetsedwa kwa mitundu ina "yazikulu": bowa ndi ochepa kwambiri kuti sangaganizidwe kuchokera ku gastronomic. Komabe, palibe kutchulidwa kwa poizoni wawo kulikonse.

Mtundu wa mpesa - Scutellinia scutellata (L.) Lambotte

• Msuzi wa Scutellinia
• Scutellinia chithokomiro
• Peziza scutellata L., 1753
• Helvesla ciliata Scop., 1772
• Elvela ciliata Scop., 1772
• Peziza ciliata (Scop.) Hoffm., 1790
• Peziza scutellata Schumach., 1803
• Peziza aurantiaca Vent., 1812
• Humaria scutellata (L.) Fuckel, 1870
• Lachnea scutellata (L.) Sacc., 1879
• Humariella scutellata (L.) J. Schröt., 1893
• Patella scutellata (L.) Morgan, 1902

Mtundu uwu wa Scutellinia ndi umodzi mwa waukulu kwambiri, umatengedwa kuti ndi wofala komanso wophunziridwa kwambiri. M'malo mwake, zikutheka kuti ena mwa Scutellinia odziwika kuti Scutellinia saucer ndi oimira zamoyo zina, popeza chizindikiritsocho chidachitika pazinthu zazikulu.

Chipatso thupi S. scutellata ndi chimbale chosazama, kawirikawiri 0,2 mpaka 1 masentimita (maximum 1,5 cm) m'mimba mwake. Zitsanzo zazing'ono kwambiri zimakhala zozungulira, ndiye, panthawi ya kukula, makapu amatseguka ndikukula, panthawi ya kukhwima amasanduka "saucer", disk.

Mkati mwa chikho (chochonde chotchedwa hymenium) chimakhala chosalala, chofiira mpaka chowala lalanje kapena chofiira chalalanje chofiira mpaka bulauni, pamene kunja (chosabala) chimakhala chotumbululuka, chofiirira, kapena chotumbululuka.

Kunja kumakutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda lolimba, tsitsi lalitali kwambiri limakula m'mphepete mwa thupi la fruiting, pomwe limatalika mpaka 1,5 mm. Pansi, tsitsili limafika 40 µm wandiweyani ndi lopendekera ku nsonga zosongoka. Tsitsi limapanga mawonekedwe a "eyelashes" pamphepete mwa calyx. Ma cilia awa amawonekera ngakhale ndi maso kapena amawonekera bwino kudzera mu galasi lokulitsa.

mwendo: kulibe, S. scutellata - "kukhala" kupinda.

Pulp: zoyera mu bowa zazing'ono, kenako zofiira kapena zofiira, zoonda komanso zotayirira, zofewa, zamadzi.

Kununkhira ndi kukoma: wopanda mawonekedwe. Zolemba zina zimawonetsa kuti zamkati zimanunkhiza ngati violet zikauponda.

Ma Microscopy

Ma spores (owoneka bwino mu lactophenol ndi thonje labuluu) ndi ozungulira 17–23 x 10,5–14 µm, osalala, osakhwima, ndipo amakhala choncho kwa nthawi yayitali, koma akakhwima, amakongoletsedwa bwino ndi njerewere ndi nthiti zofika kutalika pafupifupi. 1 µm; ndi madontho ochepa a mafuta.

Paraphyses ndi nsonga kutupa 6-10 microns kukula.

Tsitsi la m'mphepete ("eyelashes") 360-1600 x 20-50 microns, bulauni ku KOH, yokhuthala-mipanda, yamitundu yambiri, yokhala ndi maziko a nthambi.

Amapezeka m'makontinenti onse kupatula Antarctica ndi Africa, komanso kuzilumba zambiri. Ku Europe, malire akumpoto amtunduwu amafikira kugombe lakumpoto kwa Iceland ndi madera 69 a Peninsula ya Scandinavia.

Imamera m'nkhalango zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, m'nkhalango komanso m'malo opepuka, imakonda nkhuni zowola, koma imatha kuwoneka pazinyalala za zomera zilizonse kapena dothi lonyowa pafupi ndi zitsa zowola.

Nthawi ya zipatso za S.scutellata ndi kuyambira masika mpaka autumn. Ku Ulaya - kuyambira kumapeto kwa kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn, ku North America - m'nyengo yozizira ndi masika.

Oimira onse amtundu wa Scutellinia (Scutellinia) ndi ofanana kwambiri.

Poyang'anitsitsa, munthu amatha kusiyanitsa Scutellinia setosa: ndi yaying'ono, mtundu wake umakhala wachikasu, matupi a fruiting amakula makamaka pamtunda wamatabwa m'magulu akuluakulu, odzaza kwambiri.

Matupi a Zipatso ngati kapu, oboola ngati mbale kapena diski ndi msinkhu, ang'onoang'ono: 1 - 3, mpaka 5 mm m'mimba mwake, achikasu-lalanje, malalanje, ofiira-lalanje, ndi "tsitsi" lakuda (setae) m'mphepete mwa chikho.

Imakula m'magulu akuluakulu pamitengo yonyowa, yovunda.

Spores: Smooth, ellipsoid, 11-13 by 20-22 µm, wokhala ndi madontho amafuta ambiri. Ma asci (ma cell okhala ndi spore) amakhala owoneka ngati cylindrical, olemera 300-325 µm ndi 12-15 µm.

Poyambilira ku Europe, imapezekanso ku North ndi Central America komwe imamera pamitengo yovunda yamitengo yophukira. Magwero aku North America nthawi zambiri amatcha dzina lake "Scutellinia erinaceus, wotchedwanso Scutellinia setosa".

Zipatso: Chilimwe ndi autumn, kuyambira Juni mpaka Okutobala kapena Novembala nyengo yofunda.

Mbale ya mithunzi. Uwu ndi mtundu wamba waku Europe, womwe umapanga masango a ma lalanje mpaka 1,5 cm m'mimba mwake m'chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira padothi kapena nkhuni zowola. Imafanana kwambiri ndi ma congeners monga Scutellinia olivascens ndipo imatha kudziwika bwino ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono.

Pa avareji, S.umbrorum ili ndi thupi lalikulu la zipatso kuposa S.scutellata ndi spores zazikulu, zokhala ndi tsitsi lalifupi komanso losawoneka bwino.

Scutellinia olivascens. Bowa waku Europe uyu amapanga timagulu ta ma disc alalanje mpaka 1,5 cm m'mimba mwake pamtunda kapena nkhuni zowola m'chilimwe ndi m'dzinja. Ndizofanana kwambiri ndi zamtundu wa Scutellinia umbrorum ndipo zimatha kudziwika modalirika ndi mawonekedwe a microscopic.

Mitundu iyi idafotokozedwa mu 1876 ndi Mordekai Cooke ngati Peziza olivascens, koma Otto Kuntze adasamutsira ku mtundu wa Scutellinia mu 1891.

Scutellinia subhirtella. Mu 1971, katswiri wa mycologist wa ku Czechoslovakia Mirko Svrček anazipatula ku zitsanzo zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa ku dziko lomwe kale linali Czechoslovakia. Matupi a zipatso za bowa ndi achikasu-ofiira mpaka ofiira, ang'onoang'ono, 2-5 mm m'mimba mwake. Spores ndi hyaline (translucent), ellipsoid, 18–22 ndi 12–14 µm mu kukula.

Chithunzi: Alexander, mushroomexpert.com.