Zamkatimu
Zonse zokhudza nyanja hering'i
Pali mitundu yambiri ya nsomba, zomwe mu Russian zimatchedwa herring. Kuphatikiza pa, kwenikweni, hering'i ya m'nyanja, imaphatikizapo madzi abwino, anadromous, mitundu yofanana ndi anadromous, onse okhudzana ndi osakhudzana ndi banja la herring. Kuphatikizapo mitundu ina ya whitefish ndi cyprinids. Kunena za sayansi, hering'i ndi gulu lalikulu la nsomba zomwe zimakhala m'madzi amchere ambiri. Mitundu yamadzi amchere kapena anadromous ikufotokozedwa m'gawo lina, pomwe sea herring (Clupea) ndi mtundu wina wa nsomba zomwe zimakhala kumpoto ndipo, mpaka kumwera kwa dziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ingapo yofananira (pafupifupi 12), kuphatikiza mitundu yopitilira 40, imakhala m'madzi am'nyanja. Maonekedwe a hering'i ndi odziwika bwino, ndi valky thupi mwamphamvu wothinikizidwa kuchokera mbali, notched caudal chipsepse. Mkamwa ndi wapakati, mano a nsagwada nthawi zambiri mulibe. Kumbuyo kuli mdima, thupi limakutidwa ndi mamba ogwa mosavuta. Kukhalapo kwa chikhodzodzo chosambira, chokhala ndi dongosolo lotseguka, kumasonyeza kuti hering'i ndi nsomba za pelargic zomwe zimatha kukhala mozama mosiyanasiyana. Herring ndi mtundu wapakatikati, anthu ambiri amakula osapitilira 35-45 cm. Amakhulupirira kuti nsomba zimatha kuthera gawo lalikulu la moyo wawo mozama. Njira ya moyo ndi yovuta kwambiri, mtundu wina uli ndi anthu omwe amasamuka kwa nthawi yayitali, pamene ena amatha kukhala pafupi ndi gombe la kubadwa kwa moyo wawo wonse kapena osachoka kumalo a alumali. Magulu ena amakhala m'nyanja za brackish kapena madambwe otsekedwa. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, magulu enanso aakulu a nsomba zomwezo zimasamuka kukafunafuna chakudya ndipo nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi zimawonekera m’mphepete mwa nyanja “monga ngati zangochitika kumene.” Nsomba zimadya zooplankton, pofunafuna zomwe zimayenda m'madzi osiyanasiyana. Zitsamba zazikulu zam'madzi zimaphatikizapo mitundu itatu: Atlantic, Eastern ndi Chile. Ndikoyenera kutchula apa kuti "Ivasi herring" yodziwika bwino si herring kuchokera ku sayansi, ndi sardine ya Kummawa. Sardines ndi nsomba za herring banja, koma za mtundu wosiyana.
Njira zophera nsomba
Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amagwirizanitsa herring ndi usodzi ndi trawls ndi maukonde a mafakitale, kusodza kosangalatsa kungakhalenso kosangalatsa kwambiri. Popeza herring ndiye chakudya chachikulu cha nsomba zambiri zam'madzi zolusa, nsomba iyi imatha kugwidwa osati "zokonda zamasewera", komanso nyambo. Njira zodziwika bwino komanso zopindulitsa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndodo zamitundu yambiri yokhala ndi "running rig", yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito nyambo zopanga komanso zachilengedwe. Panthawi ya "kusuntha kwa nsomba" amagwira pazida zilizonse zomwe zimatha kutsanzira chakudya chachikulu kapena nyambo zapakatikati.
Kugwira hering'i pa "wankhanza", "mtengo wa Khrisimasi"
Kusodza kwa "wankhanza", ngakhale dzinalo, lomwe mwachiwonekere limachokera ku Russia, ndilofala kwambiri ndipo likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asodzi padziko lonse lapansi. Pali kusiyana kochepa komweko, koma mfundo ya usodzi ndi yofanana kulikonse. Ndikoyeneranso kudziwa kuti kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ma rigs kumakhudzana ndi kukula kwa nyama. Poyamba, kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo zilizonse sikunaperekedwe. Chingwe china chimakulungidwa pachongongole chokhazikika, kutengera kuzama kwa usodzi, izi zitha kukhala mpaka mazana angapo mita. Sink yokhala ndi kulemera koyenera mpaka 400 g imakhazikika kumapeto, nthawi zina ndi loop pansi kuti muteteze chingwe chowonjezera. Leashes amakhazikika pa chingwe, nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi 10-15 zidutswa. Zotsogolera zitha kupangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu kutengera zomwe mukufuna kugwira. Zitha kukhala monofilament kapena zitsulo zotsogola kapena waya. Ziyenera kufotokozedwa kuti nsomba zam'nyanja ndizochepa "zotsika" ku makulidwe a zida, kotero mutha kugwiritsa ntchito monofilaments wandiweyani (0.5-0.6 mm). Pankhani ya zida zachitsulo, makamaka mbedza, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi anti-corrosion, chifukwa madzi a m'nyanja amawononga zitsulo mwachangu kwambiri. Mu mtundu wa "classic", "wankhanza" ali ndi nyambo zokhala ndi nthenga zamitundu, ulusi waubweya kapena zidutswa zazinthu zopangidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ma spinners ang'onoang'ono, kuphatikiza mikanda yokhazikika, mikanda, ndi zina zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusodza. M'matembenuzidwe amakono, pogwirizanitsa zigawo za zipangizo, zozungulira zosiyanasiyana, mphete, ndi zina zotero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zimawonjezera kusinthasintha kwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma zimatha kuwononga kulimba kwake. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodalirika, zokwera mtengo. Pa zombo zapadera zopha nsomba pazida "zankhanza" zapadera zopangira zida zowongolera zitha kuperekedwa. Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri popha nsomba mozama kwambiri. Ngati kusodza kumachitika kuchokera ku ayezi kapena bwato pamizere yaying'ono, ndiye kuti ma reel wamba ndi okwanira, omwe amatha kukhala ngati ndodo zazifupi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ndodo zam'mbali zokhala ndi mphete zodutsamo kapena ndodo zazifupi zozungulira nyanja, pamakhala vuto, pazitsulo zonse za mbedza zambiri, ndikugwedezeka kwa chowongolera posewera nsomba. Mukagwira nsomba zing'onozing'ono, vutoli limathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo zokhala ndi mphete zotalika mamita 6-7, ndipo pogwira nsomba zazikulu, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha "ntchito" za leashes. Mulimonsemo, pokonzekera nsomba, leitmotif yaikulu iyenera kukhala yosavuta komanso yosavuta panthawi ya nsomba. "Samodur" imatchedwanso zida za mbedza zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito nozzle yachilengedwe. Mfundo ya usodzi ndiyosavuta, ikatsitsa choyimira choyimirira mpaka kuzama kodziwikiratu, wowotchera amapangira zingwe zapang'onopang'ono, molingana ndi mfundo yowunikira molunjika. Pankhani ya kuluma kogwira, izi, nthawi zina, sizofunika. "Kutera" kwa nsomba pa mbedza kumatha kuchitika potsitsa zida kapena kuchokera pakukwera kwa chombo.
Nyambo
Nthawi zambiri, "zanzeru" zophweka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zopangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zowala, nthawi zina, kwenikweni, "pa bondo". Posankha nsomba ndi nyambo zachilengedwe, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba ndi nkhono nyama, ngakhale mphutsi, khalidwe lalikulu la nyambo zoterezi liyenera kukhala chikhalidwe chokana kulumidwa kawirikawiri.
Malo ausodzi ndi malo okhala
Monga tanenera kale, nyanja hering'i amakhala mu boreal mbali ya nyanja. Amakhala m'madzi ozizira komanso ozungulira kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, komanso kumphepete mwa nyanja ya Chile kum'mwera. Kuchokera ku gombe la Russia, ziweto za hering'i zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Pacific, komanso m'nyanja ya White ndi Barents, ndi zina zotero.
Kuswana
Nsomba zimakhwima pa zaka 2-3, zisanabereke zimasonkhana m'magulu akuluakulu. Kubereketsa kumachitika m'mphepete mwa madzi mozama mosiyanasiyana. Caviar yomata imakhazikika pansi. Nthawi yoberekera imadalira malo okhala, choncho, poganizira zamoyo zonse, zikhoza kuchitika pafupifupi chaka chonse. Kwa herring waku Norway ndi Baltic, nthawi yoberekera ndi masika ndi chilimwe.