Kukonda chakudya chamagulu ku Russia, mosiyana ndi Europe ndi America, sikufalikira. Komabe, chidwi mwa icho chikukula - ngakhale kuti mtengo wake ndi wokwera komanso zovuta. Mphukira zoyambirira za organic zawonekera kale pamsika wakumaloko.
Mawu akuti "chakudya chamoyo", chomwe chimakwiyitsa akatswiri a zamankhwala ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo kwambiri, adawonekera zaka 60 zapitazo. Zonse zidayamba ndi Lord Walter James Northbourne, yemwe mu 1939 adapeza lingaliro la famuyo ngati chamoyo, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo adapeza ulimi wa organic kusiyana ndi ulimi wamankhwala. Lord Agronomist adapanga lingaliro lake m'mabuku atatu ndipo adadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa makolo amtundu watsopano waulimi. Katswiri wa zomera wa ku England Sir Albert Howard, mkulu wa zamalonda wa ku America Jerome Rodale ndi ena, olemera ndi otchuka, nawonso adatenga nawo mbali pa ntchitoyi.
Mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80 Kumadzulo, minda ya organic ndi mankhwala awo makamaka anali ndi chidwi ndi otsatira azaka zatsopano ndi odya zamasamba. Kumayambiriro koyambirira, adakakamizika kugula eco-chakudya mwachindunji kuchokera kwa opanga - minda yaing'ono yomwe inaganiza zosamukira ku njira yachilengedwe yolima mbewu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, khalidwe lazogulitsa ndi momwe zimapangidwira zinafufuzidwa payekha ndi kasitomala. Panalinso mawu akuti "Dziwani mlimi wanu - mukudziwa chakudya chanu." Kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 90, gawoli lidayamba kukula mwachangu, nthawi zina likukula ndi 20% pachaka ndikudutsa madera ena amsika wazakudya pachizindikiro ichi.
Chothandizira chachikulu pakukula kwa chitsogozocho chinapangidwa ndi zoyeserera za United Europe, zomwe kumbuyoko mu 1991 zidatengera malamulo ndi miyezo yopangira minda ya organic. Anthu a ku America adachitapo kanthu ndi zolemba zawo zoyendetsera zolemba zokha mu 2002. Kusintha kwasintha pang'onopang'ono njira zopangira ndi kugawa zinthu zachilengedwe: minda yayikulu yamakampani inayamba kugwirizana ndi yoyamba, ndikusankha maunyolo a masitolo kupita kuchiwiri. Lingaliro la anthu linayamba kukonda mafashoni: chakudya chabwino cha chilengedwe chinalimbikitsidwa ndi akatswiri a kanema ndi oimba otchuka, apakati adawerengera ubwino wa kudya kwabwino ndipo adagwirizana kuti azilipiritsa kuchokera ku 10 mpaka 200%. Ndipo ngakhale amene sangakwanitse kugula zakudya za m’thupi anazipeza kuti n’zaukhondo, zokometsera komanso zopatsa thanzi.
Pofika mchaka cha 2007, msika wa organic unanena maiko opitilira 60 omwe ali ndi zikalata zofunikira zowongolera ndi zowongolera, zomwe zimapeza pachaka $46 biliyoni ndi mahekitala 32,2 miliyoni omwe amakhala ndi mafamu achilengedwe. Zowona, chizindikiro chotsirizirachi, poyerekeza ndi ulimi wamakono wamankhwala, chinali 0,8% yokha ya dziko lonse lapansi. Kayendetsedwe kazakudya ka organic kakukulirakulira, monganso momwe bizinesi imayendera.
Zikuwonekeratu kuti eco-chakudya sichidzafika kwa ogula ambiri posachedwa. Asayansi ambiri amakayikira lingaliroli: amalozera kusowa kwa mwayi wotsimikizika wa chakudya chamagulu pazakudya wamba pankhani ya mavitamini ndi michere yofunika kwa anthu, komanso amakhulupirira kuti ulimi wa organic sungathe kudyetsa anthu onse. dziko. Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa cha zokolola zochepa za zinthu zamoyo, madera akuluakulu adzayenera kugawidwa kuti apange, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.
Zoonadi, asayansi a eco-chakudya ali ndi kafukufuku wawo omwe amatsutsa zotsutsana za okayikira anzawo, ndipo kusankha kwa munthu wamba yemwe ali ndi chidwi ndi mutuwo kumasanduka nkhani yokhulupirira lingaliro limodzi kapena lina. Pachimake chazonenezana, othandizira organic ndi adani awo adasamukira pagulu lachiwembu: okayikira zachilengedwe akuwonetsa kuti adani awo sasamala za chilengedwe, koma amangolimbikitsa opanga atsopano, kunyoza akale panjira, ndipo okonda zachilengedwe amayankha kuti. ukali wolungama wa okayikira amalipidwa ndi makampani opanga mankhwala ndi ogulitsa zakudya wamba omwe amawopa mpikisano ndi kutayika kwa misika yogulitsa.
Kwa Russia, zokambirana zazikulu zokhuza ubwino kapena kusathandiza kwa chakudya chamagulu ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa akatswiri ochokera kudziko la sayansi ndizopanda ntchito: malinga ndi mafani ena a zakudya zamagulu, kutsalira kwathu padziko lonse lapansi pankhaniyi ndi 15- 20 zaka. Mpaka posachedwa, anthu ochepa omwe sankafuna kutafuna kalikonse, ankaona kuti ndi bwino kwambiri ngati adatha kudziwana ndi mlimi wina yemwe amakhala kutali kwambiri ndi mzindawo ndikukhala kasitomala wake wamba. Ndipo pamenepa, wodwalayo analandira chakudya cham'mudzi chokha, chomwe sichimafanana ndi chakudya chapamwamba cha organic, chifukwa mlimi angagwiritse ntchito chemistry kapena maantibayotiki popanga. Chifukwa chake, palibe malamulo a boma pazakudya za eco-zakudya zomwe zidalipo ndipo kulibe.
Ngakhale zovuta zotere, mu 2004-2006 masitolo angapo apadera a mafani azinthu zachilengedwe adatsegulidwa ku Moscow - izi zitha kuonedwa ngati kuyesa koyamba koyambitsa mafashoni am'deralo. Odziwika kwambiri mwa iwo anali eco-msika "Dzungu Lofiira", lomwe linatsegulidwa ndi chidwi chachikulu, komanso nthambi ya Moscow ya German "Biogurme" ndi "Grunwald" inapangidwa poganizira zomwe zikuchitika ku Germany. "Dzungu" linatsekedwa patatha chaka ndi theka, "Biogurme" inatha ziwiri. Grunwald adakhala wopambana kwambiri, komabe, adasintha dzina lake komanso kapangidwe ka sitolo, kukhala "Bio-Market". Odya zamasamba atulukiranso masitolo apadera, monga Jagannath Health Food Store, malo omwe mungapeze ngakhale zakudya zamasamba zomwe zimasowa kwambiri.
Ndipo, ngakhale okonda zakudya zamagulu ku Moscow mamiliyoni ambiri akupitiriza kupanga ochepa kwambiri, komabe, pali ambiri omwe makampaniwa akupitirizabe kukula. Masitolo akuluakulu amayesa kujowina masitolo apadera, koma nthawi zambiri amapunthwa pamitengo. Zikuwonekeratu kuti simungathe kugulitsa eco-chakudya chotsika mtengo kuposa mlingo wina wokhazikitsidwa ndi wopanga, chifukwa chake nthawi zina mumayenera kulipira katatu kapena kanayi kuposa zinthu wamba. Masitolo akuluakulu, kumbali ina, sangathe kusiya chizoloŵezi chopanga phindu lochuluka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa voliyumu - njira yonse ya malonda awo imakhazikika pa izi. Zikatero, okonda organic payekha amatenga njira m'manja mwawo ndikupeza zotsatira zabwino mu nthawi yochepa.