stereotypy ndi gulu la machitidwe opanda tanthauzo, omwe amabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza mpaka kupangitsa zilonda. Zosavomerezeka zina zimapezeka mu "kukula kwabwino kwa mwana". Zina zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana ndikuthandizidwa ndi makhalidwe abwino.

Tanthauzo

stereotypy ndi gulu la malingaliro, machitidwe, zochita kapena mawu opanda tanthauzo omwe amabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza mpaka kupangitsa zilonda.

mitundu

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zogawira stereotypies.

Ena amasiyanitsa:

• Zolakwika zapakamwa
• Gestural stereotypies
• Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana

Ena amasiyanitsa:

• Malingaliro amoto
• Zodzilimbikitsa zokha
• Maganizo odzikuza

Zimayambitsa

Ma stereotypies amapezeka mwakanthawi mukukula kwa "zabwinobwino" kwa mwana koma amakonda kutha ndikupeza neuromotricity. 

Stereotypy ikhoza kukhala gawo la Pervasive Developmental Disorder:

• Matenda a Autism
• Right Syndrome
• Childhood disintegrative disorder
• Asperger's syndrome, malinga ndi gulu la DSM

Kuphatikiza apo, stereotypies ndi yofala mwa anthu omwe ali ndi zovuta zotsatirazi:

• Psychosis
• Mitundu ina ya schizophrenia
• Tourette Syndrome
• Kuwonongeka
• Frontal syndrome, zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zachipatala zomwe zimawonedwa mu zotupa za mbali yakutsogolo ya lobe yakutsogolo
• Kusowa zomverera

Pomaliza, kupezeka kwa stereotypies kumatha kulumikizidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, makamaka cocaine. Kafukufuku wawonetsa kuti machitidwe osasinthika amakhala ovuta kwambiri pakati pa majekeseni a cocaine.

matenda

Mawu oti "stereotypy" tsopano amatchulidwa - mu DSM-IV-TR mwachitsanzo - monga: "Stereotypical movement disorder". Kuzindikira kwa Stereotypical Movement Disorder sikuyenera kupangidwa ngati malingaliro omwe amachitika chifukwa cha Pervasive Developmental Disorder.

Kuzindikira kwa zochitika zobwerezabwerezazi kumatsatira ndondomeko yonse: 

• Njira ya mimba ndi kubereka
• Kusaka kwa mbiri yabanja
• Kuwona psychomotor chitukuko cha mwana. Kodi amawonetsa kufooka m'maganizo?
• M'badwo wa chiyambi cha makhalidwe kwambiri stereotypical
• Mikhalidwe yomwe stereotypies imayamba (chisangalalo, kunyong'onyeka, kusungulumwa, nkhawa, ndandanda, pambuyo pa zoopsa ...)
• Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za chochitikacho (nthawi, kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso, etc.)
• Thandizo labanja kuti liwonetsere zochitikazo (kamera ya digito yokhazikika)
• Kuwunika kwa mwanayo (kusokonezeka kwa khalidwe, dysmorphia, kuperewera kwa neurosensory, kufufuza kwakukulu ndi minyewa)

Ma stereotypies amatha kukhala ovuta kusiyanitsa ndi mayendedwe ena a paroxysmal monga ma tic ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khunyu. Nthawi zina, EEG-Video ndiye tsankho lothandizira lofunikira kwambiri kuti lifike pa matendawo.

Anthu okhudzidwa

Ma stereotypies amatha kuwoneka pazaka zonse, kuyambira nthawi yaukhanda mpaka unyamata. Amawonedwa ndi kufalikira kosiyana kwambiri, pafupipafupi, kulimba ndi semiology kutengera ngati:

• stereotypies choyambirira. Iwo nkhawa ana ndi yachibadwa psychomotor chitukuko. Pankhaniyi, ndi osowa komanso osati kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri ndi stereotypies zamagalimoto.
• Sekondale stereotypies. Amakhudza ana omwe ali ndi vuto limodzi mwamatenda awa: kuperewera kwa minyewa, khungu, kusamva, kufooka m'maganizo, matenda amisala, matenda ena amtundu, osokonekera kapena kagayidwe kachakudya. Pachifukwa ichi, stereotypies imakhala yovuta komanso yowonjezereka.

Zizindikiro za stereotypy ndi malingaliro, machitidwe, zochita kapena mawu opanda tanthauzo omwe amabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza.

Zodziwika bwino zamagalimoto

• Kuthamanga kwa thunthu
• Kugwedeza mutu wanu
• Kuyamwa chala chachikulu
• Kuluma lilime ndi misomali
• Tsitsi lopindika
• Kugwedeza mutu pafupipafupi

Zovuta zamagalimoto stereotypies 

• Kunjenjemera kwa manja
• Kupatuka kwa phazi
• Kuwomba m'manja kapena kugwirana chanza
• Kusokoneza zala
• Kuwombera mkono
• Kutambasula kapena kutambasula manja

Pakati pa malingaliro odzilimbikitsa okha, kuseweretsa maliseche akhanda ndi ana aang'ono ndikofala kwambiri.

Nthawi zambiri, stereotypies choyambirira sichikhala ndi zotsatirapo zamaganizidwe kapena zakuthupi, sizifuna chithandizo chilichonse.

Pankhani ya stereotypies yachiwiri, njira zochiritsira zamakhalidwe ndi mankhwala zitha kuganiziridwa ngati mutazindikira matenda omwe amagwirizana nawo msanga, ndikuzidziwa bwino.

Kwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto lakuwona kapena kumva, njira zolumikizirana m'malo mwa zofooka zawo zitha kupangidwa kuti aletse khalidwe lawo kukhala lotengeka.

Mu ana autistic, mapulogalamu apadera a maphunziro ndi machitidwe ochiritsira, psychoanalytic psychotherapies, kusinthana ndi chitukuko cha mankhwala (PDD, etc.) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza anthu omwe sali nawo.

Palibe kupewa kwapadera koma kupewa zomwe zimayambitsa.