Telephora palmate (Thelephora palmata) chithunzi ndi kufotokozera

Telephora palmate (Thelephora palmata)

:

• Clavaria palmata
• Ramaria palmata
• Merisma palmatum
• Phylacteria palmata
• Thelephora imafalikira

Telephora palmata (Thelephora palmata) ndi mtundu wa bowa wa coral wa banja la telephoraceae. Matupi a zipatsowo ndi achikopa komanso ngati korali, ndipo nthambi zake zimakhala zopapatiza, zomwe zimakula ngati fani ndikugawanika kukhala mano ambiri ophwanyidwa. Nsonga zooneka ngati mphero zimakhala zoyera akadakali aang'ono, koma zimadetsedwa pamene bowa likukhwima. Mitundu yofala koma yachilendo, imapezeka ku Asia, Australia, Europe, North America ndi South America, imatulutsa zipatso pansi m'nkhalango za coniferous ndi zosakanikirana. The palmate telephora, ngakhale samaonedwa kuti ndi bowa wosowa, komabe, imagwira maso a otola bowa nthawi zambiri: imadzibisa bwino pansi pa malo ozungulira.

Mitunduyi idafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1772 ndi katswiri wazachilengedwe waku Italy Giovanni Antonio Scopoli monga Clavaria palmata. Elias Fries adausamutsira ku mtundu wa Thelephora mu 1821. Mitundu iyi ili ndi mawu ofanana angapo otengedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zingapo zomwe zimasamutsidwa m'mbiri yake ya taxonomic, kuphatikizapo Ramaria, Merisma ndi Phylacteria.

Mawu ena ofanana m'mbiri: Merisma foetidum ndi Clavaria schaefferi. Mycologist Christian Hendrik Persoon adafalitsa kufotokoza za zamoyo zina mu 1822 ndi dzina lakuti Thelephora palmata, koma popeza dzinali likugwiritsidwa ntchito kale, ndilo dzina losavomerezeka, ndipo zamoyo zomwe Persoon anafotokoza tsopano zimadziwika kuti Thelephora anthocephala.

Ngakhale amaoneka ngati matanthwe, Thelephora palmata ndi wachibale wa Terrestrial Telephora ndi Clove Telephora. Mawu enieni a epithet palmata "chala" amachokera ku Chilatini ndipo amatanthauza "kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a dzanja". Mayina wamba (Chingerezi) a bowa amalumikizidwa ndi fungo lake loyipa, lofanana ndi kununkhira kwa adyo wowola. Kotero, mwachitsanzo, bowa amatchedwa "wowotcha earthfan" - "chifaniziro chonunkha" kapena "fetid false coral" - "coral fake". Samuel Frederick Gray, m’buku lake la 1821 lakuti Natural Arrangement of British Plants, anatcha bowa limeneli “khutu lonunkha lanthambi”.

Mordechai Cubitt Cook, katswiri wa botanist wa ku England komanso mycologist, adati mu 1888: Telephora digitata mwina ndi imodzi mwa bowa wonyansa kwambiri. Wasayansi wina anatenga zitsanzo zingapo kuchipinda chake chogona ku Aboyne, ndipo pambuyo pa maola angapo anachita mantha kupeza kuti fungolo linali loipa kwambiri kuposa m’chipinda chilichonse cha thupi. Anayesetsa kusunga zitsanzozo, koma fungo lake linali lamphamvu kwambiri moti silinapirire mpaka anazikulunga m’magulu khumi ndi aŵiri a pepala lonyanyira kwambiri.

Magwero ena amawonanso fungo losasangalatsa la bowa, koma limasonyeza kuti kwenikweni kununkhako sikupha monga momwe Cook anapenta.

Zachilengedwe:

Amapanga mycorrhiza ndi conifers. Matupi a Zipatso amakula limodzi, omwazikana kapena m'magulu pansi m'nkhalango za coniferous ndi zosakanikirana ndi minda yaudzu. Imakonda dothi lonyowa, nthawi zambiri imamera m'mphepete mwa misewu ya nkhalango. Amapanga matupi a fruiting kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka pakati pa autumn.

Chipatso thupi Telephora palmatus ndi mtolo wa coral womwe umatha nthawi zambiri kuchokera pakatikati pa tsinde, kufika kukula kwa 3,5-6,5 (malinga ndi magwero ena mpaka 8) masentimita mu msinkhu komanso m'lifupi. Nthambizo ndi zathyathyathya, zokhala ndi mikwingwirima yowongoka, zomwe zimathera ndi malekezero ooneka ngati spoon kapena ofananira, omwe amawoneka ngati odulidwa. Kuwala kowala kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumawonedwa. Nthambizo poyamba zimakhala zoyera, zosalala, zapinki, koma pang'onopang'ono zimasanduka zotuwa mpaka zofiirira zikakhwima. Nsonga za nthambizo, komabe, zimakhala zoyera kapena zotumbululuka kwambiri kuposa zapansi. Mbali zam'munsi ndi pinki-bulauni, m'munsimu ndi zofiirira, zofiirira-bulauni.

Mwendo (pansi wamba, komwe nthambi zimafikira) pafupifupi 2 cm kutalika, 0,5 cm mulifupi, wosagwirizana, nthawi zambiri warty.

Zamkati: zolimba, zachikopa, zamtundu, zofiirira.

Hymenium (chochonde, minyewa yobereka spore): amphigenic, ndiye kuti, imapezeka pamalo onse amtundu wa zipatso.

Kumva: m'malo zosasangalatsa, kukumbukira adyo fetid, amenenso amatchedwa "madzi akale kabichi" - "kabichi wovunda" kapena "kucha tchizi" - "kucha kwambiri". Telephora digitata amatchedwa "woimira bowa wonunkha kwambiri m'nkhalango." Fungo losasangalatsa limakula pambuyo poyanika.

Spore powder: kuyambira bulauni mpaka bulauni

Pansi pa maikulosikopu: Ma spores amawoneka ofiirira, aang'ono, opindika, opindika, okhala ndi minyewa yaying'ono 0,5-1,5 µm kutalika. Miyeso yambiri ya elliptical spores ndi 8-12 * 7-9 microns. Amakhala ndi madontho amafuta amodzi kapena awiri. Basidia (ma cell okhala ndi spore) ndi 70-100*9-12 µm ndipo ali ndi sterigmata 2-4 µm wokhuthala, 7-12 µm utali.

Zosadyedwa. Palibe deta pa kawopsedwe.

Thelephora anthocephala ndi yofanana m'mawonekedwe, koma imasiyana ndi nthambi zomwe zimapendekera m'mwamba komanso zokhala ndi nsonga zosalala (m'malo mwa zokhala ngati spoon), komanso kusowa kwa fungo la fetid.

Mitundu ya ku North America Thelephora vialis ili ndi spores zing'onozing'ono komanso mtundu wosiyana kwambiri.

Mitundu yakuda ya ramaria imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe amafuta ochepa a zamkati ndi malekezero akuthwa a nthambi.

Mitundu iyi imapezeka ku Asia (kuphatikiza China, Iran, Japan, Siberia, Turkey, Vietnam), Europe, North ndi South America, kuphatikiza Brazil ndi Colombia. Yalembedwanso ku Australia ndi Fiji.

Matupi a fruiting amadyedwa ndi springtail, Ceratophysella denisana mitundu.

Bowa lili ndi pigment - leforfic acid.

Matupi a zipatso za Telephora digitata atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito podetsa. Kutengera ndi mordant yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, mitundu imatha kukhala yofiirira mpaka yobiriwira yobiriwira mpaka yobiriwira. Popanda mordant, mtundu wofiirira umapezeka.

Chithunzi: Alexander, Vladimir.