Kutaya wokondedwa ndi chinthu chopweteka kwambiri. Pambuyo paimfa, banja la womwalirayo lingapemphe chithandizo chachitetezo, chotchedwa kuumitsa mtembo. Izi zimachepetsa kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe kwa thupi ndikuthandizira kuti zisungike. Kusungidwa kwa womwalirako kunalipo kale zaka 5000 zapitazo: chifukwa chake, Aigupto - ndipo patsogolo pawo a Tibetan, achi China - adaumitsa akufa awo. Masiku ano, izi zimachitika mthupi la munthu yemwe wamwalira posachedwa m'malo mwa magazi ndi formalin, osachotsedwa. Chisamaliro ichi, chomwe chimachitika ndi woumitsa woyenerera, sikokakamiza. Mankhwala owumitsa amafunsidwa mkati mwa maola XNUMX atamwalira.

Munali mu 1963 pomwe mawu akuti dethana "topraxia" adakhazikitsidwa. Liwu ili lochokera ku Chigriki: "Thanatos" ndiye luso laimfa, ndipo "praxein" amatanthauza kusokoneza ndi lingaliro lakusuntha, kukonza. Kuumitsa mtembo ndiye njira zokhazikitsira kusamalira matupi atamwalira. Mawuwa adalowa m'malo mwa "mankhwala", kutanthauza "kuyikamo mankhwala". Zowonadi, dzinali silinagwirizane ndi njira zatsopano zosungira matupi a wakufayo. 

Kuyambira 1976, kuumitsa mitembo kwadziwika ndi akuluakulu aboma, omwe avomereza madzi amadzimadzi: chifukwa chake kuyambira tsiku lino pomwe dzina loti "chisamaliro chazisamaliro" lalowa m'malamulo amaliro. Kuumitsa mtembo kumakhala ndi jakisoni wa njira yotetezera komanso yaukhondo m'mitsempha ya womwalirayo, asanatuluke madzi am'mimbamo ya thoracic ndi m'mimba, osachita kutulutsa.

Kusungidwa kwa womwalirako kunalipo kale zaka 5000 zapitazo. Aigupto - ndipo patsogolo pawo a Tibetan, achi China - adakonza mitembo. Zowonadi, njira zamaliridwe a mitembo zokutidwa ndi nsalu ndikuyika m'manda amchenga sizinalolerenso kusungidwa koyenera. Njira yowumitsa ku Aigupto imachokera ku njira yosungira nyama mu brine. 

Kuumitsa mtembo kumeneku kunali kogwirizana kwambiri ndi chikhulupiriro chofanizira cha metempsychosis, chiphunzitso chomwe mzimu womwewo ungatsatire motsatizana matupi angapo. Wolemba mbiri wachigiriki a Herodotus anafotokozanso kuti chikhulupiliro cha moyo wosafa chimakhudza moyo komanso thupi, bola ngati chisawonongeke. A Herodotus adalongosola njira zitatu zowumitsira zomwe Aiguputo amalemba, malinga ndi momwe mabanja amathandizira.

Malinga ndi magwero ena, kuumitsa mtembo kwamakono kumachokera munthawi ya jakisoni wopangidwa ndi dokotala waku France wa gulu lankhondo laku America, a Jean-Nicolas Gannal, omwe pafupifupi 1835 adapeza njirayi yosungira mitembo, kenako adavomereza kuti idavomerezedwa njira yamagetsi. Olemba ena akuwonetsa kuti ndikadakonza madokotala omwe siomwe ali ankhondo, koma amalipidwa ndi mabanja a asirikali, omwe amachita izi posamalira "omwalira pankhondo" mpaka maliro. Zilibe kanthu kuti njirayi idakula kwambiri pa Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni ku America. Njirayi inafalikira ku France kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1960.

Cholinga choumitsa mtembo, njira yosamalira ukhondo komanso kuwonetsa wakufayo, ndikuchepetsa njira yakuwononga mtembo. Izi zili choncho, malinga ndi katswiri wa zachikhalidwe cha anthu Hélène Gérard-Rosay, "Kuti tiwonetse wakufayo mumikhalidwe yabwino komanso yaukhondo". Mkhalidwe woyambirira wa womwalirayo ndi wofunikira pokwaniritsa chisamaliro cha wopaka mitembo. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa akuumitsa msanga munthu akafa, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zokongoletsa kwambiri. M'malo mwake, kuumitsa mtembo kumaphatikizira mankhwala onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi cholinga chochepetsa chilengedwe, kuwononga thupi la womwalirayo.

Pakadali pano, thanatopraxy, kapena chisamaliro chonse choperekedwa kwa womwalirayo, chimaphatikizapo njira zomwe zimayendetsa mochedwa zotsatira zosavomerezeka zamankhwala, ndipo zomwe zimapweteketsa mtima kwambiri, za kuwonongeka (komwe kumatchedwanso thanatomorphosis) pagulu lachitukuko. Wophunzira Louis-Vincent Thomas akuwonetsa kuti izi zakuthupi komanso zam'thupi, ngakhale zokongoletsa, zimayimitsa ntchito yoletsa kukonzanso kwa kanthawi kochepa kuti "Kuonetsetsa kuti womwalirayo akusamalidwa ndikuwonetsedwa moyenerera ukhondo wam'mutu ndi m'maganizo."

Chisamaliro chochitidwa ndi wopaka mtembo chimafuna kuchotsa pafupifupi mwazi wonse wa wakufayo ndi mankhwala a formalin, aseptic. Pachifukwa ichi, wopaka mtembo amagwiritsa ntchito trocar, kutanthauza chida chowongolera komanso chodulira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zotupa za mtima ndi m'mimba. Mbali yakunja ya thupi imasungidwa bwino. Chisamaliro choperekedwa ndi mtembo sichokakamiza, ndipo chiyenera kupemphedwa ndi abale. Njira zoumitsira mtembo zimatha kulipidwa. Mbali inayi, ngati mchitidwewu sukakamizidwa ku France, zikuchitika pazifukwa zina, zikafunika kubwerera kwawo kumayiko ena.

Loletsedwa mu 1846, arsenic yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito idasinthidwa ndi glycine ngati chida cholowera kunyamula madzi osungitsa m'matumba a womwalirayo. Pomwepo padzakhala phenol yomwe idzagwiritsidwe ntchito, yomwe ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito masiku ano pakukonza mtembo kwamakono.

Mwatsatanetsatane, mankhwala owumitsa amachitika motere:

• Thupi limayeretsedwa koyamba kuti tipewe kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya;
• Ndiye kumatulutsako ndikubowola mpweya komanso gawo lamadzi amthupi kudzera mu trocar;
• Jakisoni amapangidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi njira ya intra-arterial yankho la biocidal, formalin;
• Wicking ndi ligature zimachitika kuti zisawonongeke, maso amatsekedwa. Oumitsa mitembo amaika chophimba m'maso pamenepo kuti akwaniritse maso awo akugundika;
• Thupi, ndiye, lavekedwa, lopangidwa ndikuwonetsedwa;
• M'zaka zaposachedwa, izi zatha ndikumangirira, kumwendo wa womwalirayo, botolo lachitsanzo momwe wowumitsirayo amaikiramo zomwe adagwiritsa ntchito posamalira.

Chilolezo choyambirira kuchokera kwa meya wa tawuni ya komwe amwalirako kapena malo omwe akuchiritsirako akuyenera kusayinidwa, zomwe zimafotokoza malo ndi nthawi yolowererapo, dzina ndi adilesi ya woumitsayo komanso madzi ntchito.

Magulu awiri azisamaliro atha kuchitidwa, zotsatira zake ndikuteteza thupi kwakanthawi:

• Kusamalira makanema, omwe amakhala ndi chimbudzi chamaliro, amatchedwa chisamaliro chachikale cha ukhondo. Wosambitsa mankhwala amatsuka, amapanga ndi kuvala thupi ndikulepheretsa kuwuluka. Chisamaliro, chomwe chimachitika ndi kuzizira, chimatchedwa kusamalira makina. Amangokhala ndi maola 48;
• Ntchito yosamalira zachilengedwe ili ndi ukhondo komanso kukongoletsa. Omwe amatsitsimutsanso amadzipangira chimbudzi, zodzoladzola, kuvala, kutchinga njira zapaulendo, komanso, amabayanso madzi oteteza. Zotsatira zake ndi kuyeretsa kwa nsalu. Madzi awa ndi fungicidal ndi bactericidal. Poziziritsa minofu, imalola kuti thupi la womwalirayo lisungidwe kutentha mpaka masiku asanu ndi limodzi.

Chiyambi cha chisamaliro choteteza, chomwe tanena, makamaka kwa Aigupto, sichinali ndi zolinga zomwe tikukwaniritsa lero. Masiku ano, ntchito yosamalira zachilengedwe ku France ikufuna kuti thupi la womwalirayo likhale labwino. Zotsatira zamankhwala omwe adakonza wodwalayo amathandizira kupatsa mpweya wamtendere kwa womwalirayo, makamaka pamene kuumitsa thupi kumachitika pambuyo povutika ndi matenda ataliatali. Chifukwa chake, chisamaliro ichi chimapereka malo kwa omwe akuwalimbikitsa kuti azisinkhasinkha. Ndipo achibale a wakufayo amayamba kulira maliro bwino.