Zowonjezera, zomwe zimatchedwanso ileocecal appendix kapena vermiform appendage, ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono kamene kali m'matumbo akuluakulu. Chinthuchi chimadziwika bwino kuti ndi malo a appendicitis, kutupa komwe kumafuna kuchotsedwa kwa appendix ndi opaleshoni (appendectomy).

Malo a anatomical

Zowonjezera ndi a kukula kochepa kwa wakhungu, gawo loyamba la matumbo aakulu. Caecum imatsatira matumbo aang'ono, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi valve ya ileocecal. Zowonjezera zili pafupi ndi valavu iyi, chifukwa chake dzina lake la ileo-cecal appendix.

Malo owonjezera

Kawirikawiri, akuti appendix ili pansi kumanja kwa navel. Komabe, malo ake amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudziwa matenda a appendicitis. M'mimba, kukula uku kungatenge maudindo angapo :

• gawo la sub-cecal, yopingasa ndi pansi pa cecum;
• malo apakati pa caecal, yopendekera pansi pang'ono;
• malo a retro-cecal, kutalika ndi kumbuyo kwa caecum.

Taonani

Zowonjezera zimaperekedwa ngati a thumba lopanda kanthu. Kukula kwake kumakhala kosiyana kwambiri ndi kutalika pakati pa 2 ndi 12 masentimita ndi m'mimba mwake pakati pa 4 ndi 8 millimeters. Maonekedwe a kakulidwe kameneka nthawi zambiri amafanizidwa ndi nyongolotsi, motero amatchedwa vermiform appendage.

Mpaka pano, udindo wa appendix sichikumveka bwino. Malinga ndi ofufuza ena, kukula kumeneku kungakhale kopanda ntchito m’thupi. Komabe, malingaliro ena aperekedwa ndi ofufuza. Malinga ndi ntchito yawo, kukula kumeneku kungathandize kuteteza thupi.

Udindo mu chitetezo

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, appendix akhoza kulowerera mu chitetezo cha m'thupi kuti limbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Zotsatira zina zasayansi zimasonyeza kuti ma immunoglobulins (ma antibodies) amatha kupangidwa mu zowonjezera. Mu 2007, ofufuza a Duke University Medical Center adafotokozanso. Malingana ndi zotsatira zake, zowonjezerazo zimakhala ndi zomera zopindulitsa za bakiteriya zomwe zingasungidwe mosungirako kuti zisawonongeke kwambiri. Komabe, chitetezo cha mthupi cha appendix chimatsutsanabe lero pakati pa asayansi.

Appendicitis

Zimafanana ndi a kutupa kwa appendix. Appendicitis nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa appendix ndi ndowe kapena zinthu zakunja. Kutsekeka kumeneku kungathenso kuyanjidwa ndi kusintha kwa matumbo a m'mimba kapena kukula kwa chotupa m'munsi mwa zowonjezera. Kuthandizira kukula kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, chotchinga ichi chimayambitsa kutupa, komwe kumatha kuwonekera ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana:

• kupweteka kwa m'mimba pafupi ndi mchombo, komwe nthawi zambiri kumawonjezeka pakapita maola;
• kusokonezeka kwa m'mimba, zomwe nthawi zina zimatha kukhala ngati nseru, kusanza kapena kudzimbidwa;
• kutentha pang'ono, komwe kumachitika nthawi zina.

Appendicitis imafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu chifukwa imatha kuyambitsa zovuta zazikulu monga peritonitis (kutupa kwa peritoneum) kapena sepsis (matenda amtundu uliwonse). Kutupa kumeneku kumachitika makamaka mwa anthu osakwanitsa zaka 30kuchipatala kawirikawiri.

Appendicectomie

Chithandizo cha appendicitis chimafuna opaleshoni yadzidzidzi: appendectomy. Izi zikuphatikizapo chotsani zowonjezera kuteteza matenda kuti asakule m’thupi. Nthawi zambiri, opaleshoniyi imayimira pafupifupi 30% ya opaleshoni yomwe imachitika pamimba ku France. Zitha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri:

• mwachizolowezi, popanga ma centimita angapo pafupi ndi mchombo, zomwe zimalola kupeza zowonjezera;
• pogwiritsa ntchito laparoscopy kapena laparoscopy, popanga mamilimita angapo pamimba, zomwe zimalola kuyambitsa kamera kuti itsogolere zochita za dokotalayo.

Appendicitis ndizovuta kuzindikira. Ngati mukukayika, ndi bwino kukaonana ndi dokotala mwamsanga. An appendectomy nthawi zambiri amalangizidwa kuti athetse kuopsa kwa zovuta.

Kufufuza mwakuthupi

Kuzindikira kwa appendicitis kumayamba ndikuwunika zomwe zimadziwika.

Kusanthula kwachipatala

Mutha kuyezetsa magazi kuti muwone ngati muli ndi matenda.

Mayeso azachipatala

Kuzama kwa matendawa, zowonjezera zimatha kuwonedwa ndi njira zowonetsera zamankhwala monga mimba ya CT scan kapena abdominopelvic MRI.

Kufufuza pa zakumapeto kumakhala kovuta kwambiri chifukwa kukula kumeneku sikupezeka mu zinyama zina. Ngakhale kuti zongopeka zingapo zimayikidwa patsogolo, ntchito yeniyeni ya appendix sinadziwikebe.