Zamkatimu
Tili ndi maganizo oipa pa dziko lapansi lomwe linatipatsa moyo, limatidyetsa komanso limatipatsa njira zonse zokhalira ndi moyo. Nthaŵi zambiri munthu amayesetsa ndi mphamvu zake zonse kusandutsa malo ake kukhala dzala lonunkha. Ndipo nthawi zambiri amapambana. Nkhalango zikudulidwa ndi nyama zikuwonongedwa, mitsinje imaipitsidwa ndi utsi wapoizoni, ndipo nyanja zimasanduka dzala.
Mizinda ina imene tikukhalamo imaoneka ngati fanizo la kanema woopsa kwambiri. Ali ndi madamu amitundu yambiri, mitengo yopumira komanso mpweya wodzaza ndi mpweya wapoizoni. Anthu a m’mizinda yoteroyo sakhala ndi moyo wautali, ana amadwala, ndipo fungo la mpweya wotulutsa mpweya limamveka fungo lodziwika bwino.
Dziko lathu pankhaniyi silosiyana ndi mayiko ena otukuka. Mizinda kumene mankhwala kapena zinthu zina zovulaza zimapangidwira ndi zomvetsa chisoni. Takupatsirani mndandanda wazomwe zikuphatikiza mizinda yauve kwambiri ku Russia. Ena a iwo tinganene kuti ali mu tsoka lenileni la chilengedwe. Koma akuluakulu a boma sasamala za zimenezi, ndipo anthu akumeneko akuoneka kuti anazolowera kukhala m’mikhalidwe yoteroyo.
Long mzinda wauve kwambiri ku Russia Dzerzhinsk ankaona Novgorod dera. Kukhazikika kumeneku komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zankhondo, kudatsekedwa kudziko lakunja. Kwa zaka zambiri za ntchito yotereyi, zinyalala za mankhwala zosiyanasiyana zaunjikana m’nthaka moti anthu a m’derali sakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 45. Komabe, timapanga mndandanda wathu kutengera dongosolo la kuwerengera kwa Russia, ndipo zimangotengera zinthu zovulaza m'mlengalenga. Nthaka ndi madzi sizimaganiziridwa.
10 Magnitogorsk
Mndandanda wathu umayamba ndi mzinda womwe m'mbiri yake yochepa wakhala ukugwirizana kwambiri ndi zitsulo, mafakitale olemera komanso zochitika za mapulani a zaka zisanu zoyambirira. Mzindawu uli ndi Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, bizinesi yayikulu kwambiri ku Russia. Zimayambitsa mpweya wambiri woipa womwe umawononga miyoyo ya nzika. Pazonse, pafupifupi matani 255 a zinthu zovulaza amalowa mumlengalenga wamzindawu chaka chilichonse. Gwirizanani, chiwerengero chachikulu. Zosefera zambiri zimayikidwa pachomera, koma sizithandiza pang'ono, kuchuluka kwa nitrogen dioxide ndi mwaye mumlengalenga kumaposa momwe zimakhalira kangapo.
9. Angarsk
Pamalo achisanu ndi chinayi pamndandanda wathu pali mzinda wina waku Siberia. Ngakhale kuti mzinda wa Angarsk umaonedwa kuti ndi wotukuka kwambiri, zinthu zachilengedwe pano ndi zomvetsa chisoni. Makampani opanga mankhwala amakula kwambiri ku Angarsk. Mafuta amakonzedwa mwachangu kuno, pali mabizinesi ambiri omanga makina, amawononganso chilengedwe, komanso ku Angarsk pali chomera chomwe chimakonza uranium ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta opangira magetsi a nyukiliya. Kuyandikana ndi chomera chotere sikunawonjezere thanzi kwa aliyense. Chaka chilichonse, matani 280 a zinthu zapoizoni amalowa mumpweya wa mzindawo.
8. Omsk
Pamalo achisanu ndi chitatu pali mzinda wina wa ku Siberia, mlengalenga womwe chaka chilichonse umalandira matani 290 a zinthu zovulaza. Ambiri aiwo amatulutsidwa ndi magwero osakhazikika. Komabe, mpweya wopitilira 30% umachokera ku magalimoto. Musaiwale kuti Omsk ndi mzinda waukulu wokhala ndi anthu opitilira 1,16 miliyoni.
Makampani anayamba kukula mofulumira mu Omsk pambuyo pa nkhondo, monga ambiri mabizinesi ku mbali European ya USSR anasamutsidwa kuno. Tsopano mzindawu uli ndi mabizinesi ambiri azitsulo zachitsulo, makampani opanga mankhwala ndi uinjiniya wamakina. Onsewa akuipitsa mpweya wa mumzinda.
7. Novokuznetsk
Mzindawu ndi umodzi mwa malo a Russian metallurgy. Mabizinesi ambiri ali ndi zida zakale ndipo amawononga mpweya kwambiri. Makampani akuluakulu azitsulo mumzindawu ndi Novokuznetsk Iron ndi Steel Works, yomwe ilinso yaikulu yowononga mpweya. Kuphatikiza apo, makampani a malasha amakula bwino m'derali, zomwe zimatulutsanso mpweya wambiri woipa. Anthu okhala mumzindawo amaona kuti kusauka kwachilengedwe kwa mzindawu ndi limodzi mwamavuto awo akulu.
6. Lipetsk
Mumzindawu muli chomera chachikulu kwambiri chazitsulo ku Europe (NLMK), chomwe chimatulutsa zowononga zambiri mumlengalenga. Kuphatikiza pa iye, palinso mabizinesi ena ambiri ku Lipetsk omwe amathandizira kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe m'mudzimo.
Chaka chilichonse, matani 322 a zinthu zovulaza zosiyanasiyana amalowa mumlengalenga. Ngati mphepo ikuwomba kuchokera kumbali ya chomera chazitsulo, ndiye kuti fungo lamphamvu la hydrogen sulfide limamveka mumlengalenga. Zowona, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti m'zaka zaposachedwa kampaniyo yachitapo kanthu kuti achepetse mpweya woipa, koma palibe zotsatira.
5. asibesitosi
Chachisanu pamndandanda wathu mizinda yauve kwambiri ku Russia mzinda wa Ural uli. Pamene zikuwonekeratu kuchokera ku dzina la mzinda uno, asibesitosi amakumbidwa ndi kukonzedwa mmenemo, ndipo njerwa za silicate zimapangidwanso. Nachi chomera chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi chomwe chimatulutsa asibesitosi. Ndipo mabizinesi amenewa ndi omwe adabweretsa mzindawu pachiwopsezo cha tsoka lachilengedwe.
Kupitilira matani 330 a zinthu zowopsa ku thanzi la munthu amatulutsidwa mumlengalenga chaka chilichonse, utsi wambiri umachokera kumalo osasunthika. 99% ya iwo amawerengedwa ndi bizinesi imodzi. Mukhozanso kuwonjezera kuti fumbi la asbestosi ndi loopsa kwambiri ndipo lingayambitse khansa.
4. Cherepovets
Mzindawu uli ndi zomera zazikulu za mankhwala ndi zitsulo: Cherepovets Azot, Severstal, Severstal-Metiz, ndi Ammofos. Chaka chilichonse, amatulutsa pafupifupi matani 364 a zinthu zowopsa ku thanzi la munthu mumlengalenga. Mzindawu uli ndi matenda ambiri a kupuma, mtima ndi matenda a oncological.
Zinthu zimakhala zovuta kwambiri m'masika ndi autumn.
3. St. Petersburg
Pamalo achitatu pamndandanda wathu ndi mzinda wa St. Petersburg, momwe mulibe mabizinesi akuluakulu ogulitsa mafakitale kapena makamaka mafakitale owopsa. Komabe, apa nkhaniyi ndi yosiyana: pali magalimoto ochuluka kwambiri mumzindawu ndipo mpweya wambiri ndi mpweya wotulutsa galimoto.
Kuchulukana kwa magalimoto mumzindawu sikunayende bwino, magalimoto nthawi zambiri amakhala osagwira ntchito m'misewu, pomwe akuwononga mpweya. Gawo lamagalimoto limapangitsa 92,8% yazinthu zonse zowononga mpweya mumzindawu. Chaka chilichonse, matani 488,2 a zinthu zovulaza amalowa mumlengalenga, ndipo izi ndi zochuluka kuposa m'mizinda yomwe ili ndi mafakitale otukuka.
2. Moscow
Pamalo achiwiri ponena za kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe ndi likulu la Russian Federation - mzinda wa Moscow. Palibe mafakitale akuluakulu komanso owopsa pano, palibe malasha kapena zitsulo zolemera zomwe zimakumbidwa, koma chaka chilichonse pafupifupi matani 1000 a zinthu zovulaza anthu amatulutsidwa mumlengalenga wa mzinda waukulu. Gwero lalikulu la mpweya uwu ndi magalimoto, amawerengera 92,5% ya zinthu zonse zovulaza mumlengalenga wa Moscow. Magalimoto amawononga mpweya kwambiri makamaka m'maola ambiri akuyimirira m'misewu.
Zinthu zikuipiraipira chaka chilichonse. Ngati zinthu zikupitirizabe kukula, posachedwapa zidzakhala zosatheka kupuma mu likulu.
1. Norilsk
Choyamba pa mndandanda wathu mizinda yoipitsidwa kwambiri ku Russia, ndi malire aakulu kwambiri ndi mzinda wa Norilsk. Kukhazikika kumeneku, komwe kuli ku Krasnoyarsk Territory, kwakhala mtsogoleri pakati pa mizinda yaku Russia yomwe ili ndi vuto kwa zaka zambiri. Izi sizikudziwika kokha ndi akatswiri apakhomo, komanso ndi akatswiri a zachilengedwe akunja. Ambiri aiwo amaona kuti Norilsk ndi malo angozi zachilengedwe. M’zaka zingapo zapitazi, mzindawu wakhala mmodzi wa atsogoleri madera oipitsidwa kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Chifukwa cha izi ndi losavuta: kampani Norilsk Nickel lili mu mzinda, umene ndi woipitsa waukulu. Mu 2010, 1 toni ya zinyalala zoopsa zinatulutsidwa mumlengalenga.
Kafukufuku wopangidwa zaka zingapo zapitazo anasonyeza kuti mlingo wa zitsulo zolemera, hydrogen sulfide, asidi sulfuric kuposa mlingo otetezeka kangapo. Pazonse, ochita kafukufukuwo adawerengera 31 zinthu zovulaza, zomwe zimaposa zomwe zimaloledwa. Zomera ndi zamoyo zikufa pang’onopang’ono. Ku Norilsk, avereji ya moyo ndi zaka khumi poyerekeza ndi dziko lonse.