Mtima umasiya kugwira ntchito mwadzidzidzi. Ngati salandira chithandizo mwachangu, amwalira

Myocardial infarction ndi kumangidwa mwadzidzidzi kwa mtima ndizochitika ziwiri zadzidzidzi. Onsewa ndi owopsa kwa thanzi ndi moyo, koma makina awo ndi osiyana kwambiri. Zomwe zimayambitsa, zizindikiro komanso momwe mungathandizire wovulalayo pazochitika zilizonse, akufotokoza Dr. Szymon Budrejko wa ku Dipatimenti ya Cardiology ndi Heart Electrotherapy ya Medical University ya Gdańsk, membala wa Board of the Heart Rhythm Section of the Polish Society. ndi Cardiology..

1. Kugunda kwa mtima ndi mkhalidwe womwe magazi amayenda m'mitsempha yama coronary amatsekeka pang'ono kapena kwathunthu. Chizindikirocho ndi kupweteka kwadzidzidzi komanso kwakukulu pachifuwa, koma izi sizimayenderana ndi kutaya chidziwitso
2. Kumbali ina, kumangidwa kwa mtima mwadzidzidzi ndi mkhalidwe umene makina a mtima amasiya
3. SCA idzadziwika makamaka pambuyo poti wovulalayo atataya chidziwitso, kusowa kwa mpweya womveka komanso kupuma - akutero Dr. Szymon Budrejko 
4. Ndizochitika zowopsa zomwe zimafuna kulowererapo mwamsanga - akuwonjezera cardiologist
5. Mutha kupeza nkhani zambiri zotere patsamba lanyumba la TvoiLokony

Mtima - ntchito zamakina ndi zamagetsi

- Ntchito ya mtima ndikupopa magazi, omwe, pamodzi ndi mpweya, amaperekedwa ku ziwalo zonse ndi minofu m'thupi la munthu. Kuti "pampu" yathu igwire bwino ntchito, imafunikira chilimbikitso, mtundu woyambira. Njira yoyenera yogwirira ntchito yamtima ndi yofunikanso; kusunga kachitidwe koyenera kwa ma contractions ake ndi ma diasters, ndiko kuti, "kuwongolera" koyenera - akutero Dr. Szymon Budrejko.

Mumtima, chirichonse chimayamba ndi chizindikiro chamagetsi - chikoka chomwe "chimalamula" maselo oyenerera kuti agwirizane ndi kumasuka motsatira ndondomeko yoyenera. Popanda kamvekedwe koyenera ka mtima, ndiko kuti, kuzungulira kolondola kwa kukomoka ndi kumasuka kwa mtima - kusonkhezera choyamba atria ndiyeno ma ventricles, palibe kuwongolera koyenera. Potsatira chizindikiro choyenera chowongolera, zipinda za mtima zimalumikizana, ndipo zimatulutsa magazi, ndikukankhira pamtima ndi kuchoka pamenepo kupita kumphepete. Kotero pali njira ziwiri zosiyana zomwe zimagwira ntchito mu mtima: magetsi ndi makina. Zonsezi ndi zofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito moyenera kwa chiwalo ndi chamoyo chonse ndipo zimalumikizana mosagwirizana.

Matenda a mtima - kutsekeka kwa mitsempha ya coronary

- Ngakhale kuti m'manyuzipepala zimachitika kuti mawu akuti "mtima" akuwoneka, ndi bwino kudziwa kuti m'mawu achipatala a Chipolishi mawu oterowo samawoneka. Ndi liwu lodziwika bwino komanso pepala lotsata, kumasulira kwenikweni kwa mawu achingerezi akuti heart attack. Dzina lolondola la Chipolishi la chikhalidwe chofotokozedwa ndi mawu awa ndi myocardial infarction. Ndikoyenera kudziwa za izo - akuti Dr. Szymon Budrejko.

Kugunda kwa mtima ndi mkhalidwe womwe magazi amayenda m'mitsempha yama coronary amatsekeka pang'ono kapena kwathunthu, zomwe zimapangitsa ischemia ndi necrosis ya minofu ya mtima. Kugunda kwa mtima kumachitika nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kusweka ndi kutsekeka kwa chidutswa cha atherosulinotic plaque, chomwe chimatsekereza chotengera cha coronary mwadzidzidzi. Izi zimabweretsa kutsekeka kwa magazi ndi kutseka kwa lumen ya chotengera.

Ngati magazi opita kudera linalake la mtima atsekeredwa kapena kudulidwa, tiziduswa tating'onoting'ono topanda michere ndi mpweya m'magazi zimayamba kufa. Matendawa amatha kuchitika, pakati pa ena, chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwakukulu, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena zinthu zosiyanasiyana zotupa. Ndi zadzidzidzi ndipo kulowererapo mwachangu ndikofunikira.

Matenda a mtima - momwe mungathandizire?

Chizindikiro cha matenda a mtima ndi kupweteka kwadzidzidzi komanso kupweteka kwambiri pachifuwa. Munthu angakhale akudziwa, akupuma bwino kapena akupuma mofulumira, kugunda kwa mtima wake kumamveka bwino, ndipo kugunda kwa mtima kumawonjezeka kaŵirikaŵiri. Zizindikiro zina za matenda a mtima zingaphatikizepo kufooka, kufooka ndi kutuluka thukuta.

- Pakachitika vuto la mtima, thandizo loyamba limaphatikizapo kuyitana ambulansi nthawi yomweyo, kutsatira malangizo a dispatcher ndi kuyang'anira kosalekeza kwa wozunzidwayo. Sikofunikira kuchita CPR. Pamenepa, cholinga chake ndikunyamula munthu wovulalayo kupita ku malo omwe ali ndi chisamaliro chapadera cha mtima mwamsanga ndi kubwezeretsanso magazi olondola ku minofu ya mtima mwamsanga. Mkhalidwe umasintha pamene wogwidwayo amayamba kugwidwa mwadzidzidzi kwa mtima (SCA) chifukwa cha matenda a mtima (siziyenera kuchitika, koma n'zotheka). SCA imatha kudziwika makamaka wovulalayo atakomoka, ndipo palibe kugunda komanso kupuma. Zikatero, pali chiwopsezo chachindunji ku moyo, ndipo njira yolondola ndi yosiyana kwambiri - akuti Dr. Szymon Budrejko.

Kumangidwa mwadzidzidzi kwa mtima - vuto lakufa la arrhythmic

- Kumangidwa kwamtima kwadzidzidzi (SCA) ndi chikhalidwe chomwe makina a mtima amasiya. Zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha kusagwira bwino ntchito mu "control system" - mwachitsanzo, arrhythmia yomwe imapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yapamtima ifalikire mwachangu komanso / kapena chipwirikiti kotero kuti mtima umagunda ndikupumula mosagwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtima usokoneze kuzungulira kwake. . imakhala yoopsa kwambiri mwakuti “pampu” yathu singagwire ntchito yake moyenera ndi kugawa magazi moyenera. Mtima umasiya kugunda. Ndi mkhalidwe wangozi wachangu ku moyo, wofuna kulowererapo mwamsanga - akufotokoza Dr. Szymon Budrejko.

Monga momwe katswiri akufotokozera, kumangidwa kwa mtima mwadzidzidzi kungathe kuchitika, mwa zina, chifukwa cha "kudulidwa" ndi magazi panthawi ya matenda a mtima. Kuwonongeka kapena kutha kwa magazi ku minofu ya mtima kumabweretsa kusowa kwa mphamvu kwa "pampu" komanso kulephera kwa makina a mtima, komanso kungakhudze "kulamulira" kwa magetsi a mtima ndi kuchititsa kuti arrhythmias awononge moyo. Kugunda kwa mtima kumatha kuyambitsa kapena kusayambitsa ma arrhythmias omwe angayambitse kumangidwa kwadzidzidzi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mwadzidzidzi mtima kumangidwa chifukwa cha arrhythmia akhoza kuchitika osati matenda a mtima.

Myocardial infarction ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zingayambitse ventricular fibrillation kapena ventricular tachycardia, matenda awiri oopsa omwe angapangitse mtima kuleka kugunda. Ma arrhythmias amenewa amathanso kuchitika kwa odwala omwe mtima wawo wawonongeka chifukwa cha ischemia yosatha (ie matenda a mtima wautali), ngakhale atakhala kuti sanadwalepo matenda a mtima kapena akhala nawo kalekale.

Nthawi zina ma SCA amapezeka chifukwa cha zovuta zina kapena matenda. Izi zikuphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, matenda a mtima wachibadwa omwe, chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa ionic, amasokoneza ntchito yamagetsi ya mtima ndikuthandizira kuti arrhythmias ayambe. Zimachitika kuti zizindikiro za matenda amtunduwu zimapezeka pa ECG yotsatila, koma izi sizili choncho nthawi zonse. Mbiri ya matenda osiyanasiyana a mtima m'banja lapafupi la wodwalayo lingakhale lothandiza. Ngati wina wapafupi ndi inu adatsitsimutsidwa kapena adayikidwa ndi cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), ichi ndi chidziwitso chofunikira chowunikira.

Kumangidwa kwa mtima mwadzidzidzi kumathanso kuchitika chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mtima komwe kumakhudzana ndi mtima. Pamenepa, mtima umawonongeka kwambiri chifukwa cha matendawa ndipo ntchito yake imawonongeka. Komabe, zimachitikanso kuti kumangidwa kwa mtima kumachitika mu mtima wathanzi - mwa achinyamata, kuphatikizapo othamanga. Mlandu uliwonse umafunikira kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane komwe kukufuna kuthetsa chomwe chimayambitsa SCA ndikupewa zomwe zingachitike mtsogolo.

Kumangidwa kwadzidzidzi kwa mtima - momwe mungathandizire?

Chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri cha kumangidwa kwa mtima ndiko kutaya chidziwitso. Pakumangidwa kwa mtima, mosiyana ndi syncope yachidule, wodwalayo samayambiranso kuzindikira pakapita nthawi. Wodwala amakhala ndi kugunda kwa mtima kosazindikirika ndipo sakupuma bwino.

Pakumangidwa kwa mtima, njira yokhayo yothandizira wozunzidwayo ndiyo kuyitana mwamsanga kuti athandizidwe ndikutsitsimutsa. Zochitika ndi kafukufuku wa sayansi zimasonyeza kuti mwamsanga kuchitapo kanthu (chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimatchedwa kutikita minofu yakunja ya mtima, mwachitsanzo, kuthamanga kwa rhythmic kwa sternum ndi chifuwa), ndi mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi moyo wa anthu ovulala (chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuphunzitsa anthu ambiri momwe ndingathere munjira imeneyi ngati kuli kotheka).

Kuonjezera apo, pangakhale kofunika kusokoneza mtima, mwachitsanzo, kupereka mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe idzabwezeretsanso mtima wa wodwalayo. Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti defibrillation ikhoza kuchitidwa ndi akatswiri ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi, komanso ndi AED (Automated External Defibrillator) - defibrillator yakunja yokha. Chipangizochi, chomwe chimapezeka pakuwonjezeka kwa mfundo zapagulu komanso zosagwirizana ndi anthu, pambuyo polumikizana ndi wozunzidwayo, azisanthula mozama mtima wake, kulangiza anthu omwe akupereka chithandizo ndikuchita defibrillation ngati kuli kofunikira, motero amateteza wozunzidwayo mpaka ambulansi ifika.

- AED ndiye, choyamba, ndikofunikira kudziwa za chipangizochi. Ndiye reflex yachilengedwe idzakhala yoyang'ana pazochitika za munthu wovulalayo chifukwa cha kumangidwa kwadzidzidzi kwa mtima. Chachiwiri, khalani odekha, fikani pamakonzedwewo, ndipo werengani malangizowo. Chipangizocho chidzatitsogolera sitepe ndi sitepe; Pamene tikupereka thandizo la AED, timaphunzira zoyenera kuchita. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti defibrillation idzachitidwa ndi dongosolo pokhapokha ngati chipangizocho chikuwona kuti n'choyenera kutengera kusanthula kwake. Apo ayi, idzakuuzani zoyenera kuchita kenako. Mulimonsemo, kugwiritsa ntchito AED kwa munthu womangidwa ndi mtima sikudzapweteka - kumbukirani ndipo musawope kugwiritsa ntchito dongosololi. SCA ndi chiwopsezo chanthawi yomweyo ku moyo. Kutaya mtima kwachangu ndi kubwezeretsanso kugunda kwa mtima nthawi zambiri ndiko mwayi wopulumuka ndikupewa kulemala, kulemala! - adandaula Dr. Szymon Budrejko.