Zamkatimu
Vuto la kunenepa kwambiri lavutitsa anthu kwa nthawi yaitali. Chikhumbo chofuna kukondweretsa ena, kukhala mpikisano woyenera wa mtima wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha chinali kukankhira amuna ndi akazi m'mayesero amtundu uliwonse pa thupi. Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe zakhala zikugwira ntchito kale, ndipo ndi zakudya ziti zomwe zinali zoopsa komanso zonyanyira?
Kale, mavuto monga kunenepa kwambiri anali ochepa. Koma pambuyo pa nkhondo zapadziko lonse, pamene moyo unakhala wokhutitsidwa ndi wosiyanasiyana, unawonekera chinthu chonga chathunthu ndi kunenepa kwambiri.
Munthu wabwino ayenera kukhala wamkulu ...
Nkhani zonsezi zokhudzana ndi zakudya zakale zaku China, India, Aigupto - osati zongopanga zamalonda. Kusowa kwa zida komanso moyo wosalira zambiri zidapangitsa kuti anthu akale azisuntha, kuyenda, ndikusakasaka chakudya nthawi zonse. Panalibe shuga - idzabwera pambuyo pake, nzimbe yoyamba kuchokera ku zilumba za Caribbean, ndipo kenako beet. Kwa mchere, anthu amadya uchi ndi zipatso zouma.
Ndipo kukwanira m’nthaŵi zakale kunkaonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha kulemerera, chuma kuposa chilema. Panalibe magazini onyezimira okhala ndi zitsanzo zoonda, zomwe zimalamula mafashoni. Mafumu ndi banja lachifumu ankadyetsedwa ndi kutetezedwa ku masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Mwachitsanzo, Catherine Wachiwiri, chifukwa cha kuwonda kwambiri, anayenera kudzikakamiza kudya kuti agwirizane ndi udindo wa akwatibwi a Mfumu, ndipo kungowonjezera mapaundi ochepa, adabwera ku khoti ndikukwatira mfumu. Ndipo kumbukirani Amwenye kapena Aigupto ovina, mimba, ndi ntchafu zomwe nthawizonse zakhala zazikulu kwambiri.
….komanso ayi
Direction dietetics anawonekera mu nthawi ya Hippocrates, Avicenna anapitiriza. Zakudya ndipo poyamba zinali mbali ya chithandizo, osati kwa thupi lochepa.
Koma zakudya zinali njira yochotsera mapaundi owonjezera - n'zosadabwitsa - adabwera m'maganizo mwa munthu amene akudwala kunenepa kwambiri. Mu 1087, William Mgonjetsi adasankha m'malo modya kuti amwe mowa kuti awonjezere kulemera kwake ndikukweranso kavalo.
Pokhapokha m'zaka za m'ma 19, zakudya zopatsa thanzi zinayamba kukwera kwambiri ndi dzanja lowala la American Laura Fraser. Laura, chowonadi chokongoletsera pang'ono, adasonkhanitsa zowona za momwe makolo athu adavutikira ndi kulemera kwakukulu.
Mu 1870, William Banting, mu "Letter on corpulence," akufotokoza momveka bwino za kuopsa kwa chakudya chomwe chili ndi shuga wambiri ndi starch. Potsatira malingaliro ake, amakana chakudya chofanana ndi kutaya mapaundi 20. Lingaliro likufalikira ndi liwiro lalikulu ku UK, ndipo ngakhale likuwoneka mawu akuti "Banting" - kuwonda kudzera mu zakudya zoletsa shuga ndi wowuma.
Pambuyo pa zaka 20, wasayansi Wilbur Atwater "amagawanitsa" pazakudya zomanga thupi, mafuta, ndi chakudya ndikuyesa calorie ya gulu lililonse. Anthu ndiye ali ndi lingaliro la kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zinganyamule chakudya ndi momwe mphamvuyi imagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Mafuta a injini, arsenic, silika - chakudya nawonso
Mu 1896, zida zoyamba zochepetsera thupi mwachangu zinali zotsekemera ndi okodzetsa koma zina mwa izo ndi zinthu monga arsenic, kutsuka soda, strychnine, ndi zinthu zina zoopsa. Ndalama zinalengezedwa kwambiri, ndipo mwamsanga, zimafuna kwambiri.
Mu 1900, adawoneka ngati zizindikiro zoyamba za zakudya zosaphika. Gerard Carrington amalimbikitsa mwachangu chakudya, zipatso zosaphika zokha, ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Ndipo katswiri wa zamankhwala wa ku America Russell Chittenden akuyamba kuyeza chakudya mu zopatsa mphamvu, kudziwa kudya kwa caloric kwa munthu wamba.
M'chaka cha 20 m'zaka za zana la 19, asayansi adawona kuti amuna athunthu omwe amapanga mafakitale, zida, komanso kukhudzana kwambiri ndi dinitrophenol amachepetsa thupi. Pano pali chinthu chomwe chimaphatikizidwa mu malingaliro a kuwonda, ndipo ngakhale kuopsa kwake, madokotala kapena odwala sanasokonezeke.
Mu Marion woyera mu 1843, izo ananena kuti zakudya mchere mafuta m'malo wamba masamba, popeza munthu ndi choncho musagaye si katundu wa mafuta oipa. Komabe, chifukwa cha zovuta zambiri za dongosolo la m'mimba, chida ichi sichinamamatira.
Mu 1951, maswiti oyamba adawonekera kuchokera ku saccharin. Zakudya zamchere za Tilly Lewis - ma puddings, jellies, sauces, makeke akhala akufunikira kwambiri pakati pa omwe akufuna kuchepetsa thupi. Patapita nthawi pang'ono zikuwoneka kuti zopangidwa Jerusalemites wolemba, Batista. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati silika wopangira mafuta m'malo mwa mafuta - chowonjezera chachilendo cha chakudya. Komabe, ogula pampikisano wogwirizana amavomereza zoyeserera zilizonse.
Mafuta kutali!
Mu 1961, mafuta adadziwika kuti ndi osafunikira komanso owopsa kwambiri. Khalani pulogalamu yoyamba yochepetsera thupi, yomwe inanena kuti Jack Lalan akuphatikizapo njira yochepetsera thupi, zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kutsindika za mapuloteni, kayendetsedwe ka multivitamins, ndi kutulutsa mabuku olimbikitsa. Komabe, patatha zaka 5 za digiriyi, imasinthiranso kumafuta am'mbali ofunikira pazakudya za munthu aliyense. Amati ubwino wa mafuta odzaza, omwe ali ndi nyama.
Mu 1976, Robert Lynn anapanga Dietary Supplement yochepetsera thupi, yokonzedwa kuchokera ku zikopa za nyama, mafupa, mafupa, ndi zinyalala zina zochokera ku zokometsera ndi utoto. Chida ichi chimatsogolera ku imfa ya kutaya thupi mu vuto la mtima, ndipo lingaliro ndilolephera.
Mu 1980, pamashelefu am'masitolo, mutha kukumana ndi mazana a mabuku azakudya omwe nthawi zina amakhala ndi malingaliro opusa akumwa mowa wambiri kuti apangitse kusokonezeka kwa mpando mwa njira iliyonse.
Mu zaka 90, vuto la kunenepa kwa mlingo watsopano. Imazindikiridwa ngati vuto lomwe limafuna kulowererapo kwa madokotala; mukhoza kulinganiza zifukwa zomwe anthu ali onenepa.
"Idyani zambiri, ndi kuchepetsa thupi" - idatchedwa buku la Dr. Dean Ornish, lotulutsidwa mu 1993 chaka. Zinali zozikidwa pazakudya zopatsa thanzi: kudya pang'ono kwamafuta, kuwerengera zopatsa mphamvu, kupezeka m'moyo wamasewera amunthu aliyense, komanso chithandizo chovomerezeka cha anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto otere. Bukuli limakhala logulitsidwa kwambiri, ndipo, potsiriza, makampani opanga zakudya akuyamba njira yoyenera.
Ndipo chaka chamawa, pali zowonjezera mavitamini kuonda zochokera zomera zigawo zikuluzikulu koma muli zikuchokera andarine, amene ndiye anazindikira oopsa mankhwala.
Kulimbana ndi kunenepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri kunali kopanda pake kotero kuti masiku ano n'zovuta kukhulupirira kuti anthu angagwiritse ntchito njira zoterezi kuti achepetse thupi.
Zakudya zopanda pake kwambiri
- Zakudya za acidic za Lord Byron
Ambuye ankawaviika chakudya viniga kapena ntchito asidi, diluting ndi madzi, kuyembekezera kuti viniga adzaphwanya mafuta. Anamwalira ali ndi zaka 36, ndipo autopsy yatsimikizira kutopa kwa ziwalo zonse zamkati. M'zaka za m'ma 70 ku America, zakudya za asidi izi zinabweranso ku Vogue - kusala kudya kunalimbikitsidwa kumwa supuni zingapo za viniga wa apulo cider kuti muchepetse chilakolako. Masiku ano zikutsimikiziridwa kuti madzi anatenga m`mimba chopanda kanthu, zothandiza kwambiri kuwonda kuposa ntchito asidi.
- Zakudya za tulo
M’malo moti ndidye ndinafunika kumwa mankhwala ogona n’kukagona chifukwa vuto la njala silingavutitse munthuyo. Ngakhale kuti kunali koopsa, zakudyazo zinali zotchuka, ndipo mu 1976, Elvis Presley amaonda motero amawonda asanayambe masewero kuti alowe mu thalauza lake loyera lodziwika bwino.
- Zakudya zowola
Zotsatira za kuchepa thupi pa nthawi ya matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tinatengera zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa ndi nyongolotsi, zomwe zimatchuka kwambiri m'zaka makumi awiri zoyambirira za zaka za zana la makumi awiri. Ndinayenera kumwa kapisozi wodabwitsa, zomwe zili mkati mwake zinali zobisika, ndikudikirira zotsatira zodabwitsa. The piritsi loyamba anapezerapo mu thupi la nyongolotsi, wachiwiri anamupha (ankayenera kumwa pamene kulemera ankafuna wapindula).
- Zakudya za nikotini
Chapakati pa zaka za m’ma 20, kunali kotheka kuonda ndi utsi “kukhala ndi ndudu m’malo mwa zotsekemera.” Kutsatsa koteroko kunachulukitsa kwambiri phindu la ogula fodya ndipo akugwiritsabe ntchito malo ochezera a chikonga pofuna kuchepetsa thupi.