La transpersonal psychology ali ndi chidwi" mayiko osakhala wamba Chidziwitso: chisangalalo, kumverera kwa kugwirizana ndi chilengedwe, kuzindikira kwambiri za mkati mwa munthu, zachinsinsi, ndi zina zotero. zosowa zapamwamba wa munthu. Monga dzina lake likunenera, a odzisintha mtundu-Zokhudza zaumwini zomwe zilipo kupitirira umunthu, momwe zimakhalira komanso dziko lake laling'ono.

Monga chizolowezi, psychology iyi ili ndi cholinga chake " kuzindikira kwathunthu ” wa munthu. Zimakhudzidwa, mwachitsanzo, ndi zosokoneza zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kutsekeredwa kwa kuthekera kwa chidziwitso "chopanda malire" muzinthu zochepa za ego - monga momwe zingawonekere panthawi ya zovuta zomwe zilipo kapena zomwe zimatchedwa zovuta. za kutuluka kwauzimu.

Le transpersonal movement Kupitilira muyeso wa psychology yamunthu aliyense kukhudza magawo onse a zochita za anthu zomwe zitha kuwuziridwa ndi lingaliro lopatulika la dziko lapansi: chuma, chilengedwe, nzeru, etc.

Gawo la transpersonal psychology si "zopangidwa" zamakono chifukwa zafufuzidwa mozama ndi miyambo ya kum'maŵa ndi shaman. Afilosofi ambiri a ku Girisi wakale nawonso anali okhudzidwa nawo. Kuchokera kumalingaliro amakono aku Western, oganiza bwino komanso ofufuza azaka za zana la XNUMX^e zaka zana, monga Carl Jung, Emmanuel Mounier¹ ndi Roberto Assagioli² (woyambitsa psychosynthesis), amapanga maumboni ofunikira. Koma pali zochitika zina za m'ma 1960 zomwe zidatsimikizira kutuluka kwake. Choyamba, katswiri wa zamaganizo wa ku America Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) adakhazikitsa dzina lake lodziwika bwino. piramidi ya zosowa zaumunthu.³

Tsopano zodziwika padziko lonse lapansi, zikupereka zosowa zomwe anthu onse amakumana nazo pamlingo wotsogola pamlingo wa 5, wapamwamba kwambiri womwe ndi ” kupambana "Kapena" kudziwonetsera “. Izi zikukhudza chikhumbokhumbo chofuna kutsimikizira luso ndi luso la munthu, "kukula", kukulitsa zomwe munthu angathe kuchita (motero mawu akuti "kukula kwaumwini" ndi "kuyenda kwa kuthekera kwaumunthu").

Pambuyo pake Maslow adakonza gawo lomalizali kuti aphatikize malingaliro a ” kudutsa “Kapena” kudutsa “. Akatswiri ambiri adawona kuti ndi bwino kupanga 6^e osiyana mlingo pamwamba pa piramidi^4-5 . Mulingo uwu umatanthauzidwa ndi chikhumbo chokhala ndi moyo umodzi ndi Cosmos ndi chikondi chopanda malire kwa Anthu.

Mu 1969, Abraham Maslow anamupeza Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, pamene Association for Transpersonal Psychology ikukhazikitsidwa, zaka 2 pambuyo pake, atangomwalira (onani Sites of interest). Ntchito ya mgwirizanowu inali, ndipo ikadalipo, kupereka malo osinthanitsa ndi ofufuza ndi akatswiri a kayendetsedwe ka transpersonal, komanso kulimbikitsa masomphenya achilengedwe monga chopatulika.

Komanso, pa nthawi imene Maslow ankachita kafukufuku wake, "njira ina yophunzirira" inatsegulidwa pamphepete mwa nyanja ya California. Esalen, yomwe idzakhala “Mecca” yofufuza zinthu mopanda munthu. Mazana a asayansi, ojambula zithunzi ndi ambuye auzimu akhala kumeneko nthawi ina. Tidachita zokambirana za njira zochiritsira zatsopano komanso mitundu yonse ya kafukufuku wauzimu, makamaka zauzimu zakum'mawa. Njira zambiri zama psychospiritual zabwera chifukwa chokumana ndi izi.

Ponena za kusinkhasinkha kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, kunatsatiridwa makamaka ndi Charles Tart, pulofesa wa psychology ku yunivesite ya California ku Davis; ndi Stanislav Grof, psychiatrist ndi co-mlengi wa kupuma holotropic; lolembedwa ndi Roger Walsh, pulofesa wa zamaganizo; ndi Ken Wilber, wanthanthi wa erudite yemwe ndithudi ali katswiri wake wamkulu.

Iyeneranso kutchulidwa kuti, kufunafuna kufufuza zosiyanasiyana mawonetseredwe a chikumbumtima, gulu la transpersonal linali lokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zochitika zowonongeka: maumboni a anthu omwe amakhulupirira kuti adagwidwa ndi anthu akunja, zochitika pafupi ndi imfa, zowonetseratu, telepathy, machitidwe a shamanic, ndi zina zotero.

La transpersonal psychology sizimangokhudza nkhani zaumwini zokha. Sichisewera kwambiri m'gawo la ego, koma kumene ego imachoka ndikusiya malo ake akuluakulu. Ngati, mu classical psychology, ndi zitsanzo amuna ndi akazi opambana, olimbikitsidwa, ogwira ntchito bwino, ophatikizidwa bwino ndi anthu, omwe ali opambana ndi oyera, anzeru ndi ngwazi zaumunthu. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti njira iyi imakana kufunikira kwa ego yathanzi, m'malo mwake: izo zimachokera ku maziko olimba ndi oyenerera kuti umunthu ukhoza kufika ku miyeso ina.

Selon Ken Wilber⁶, "Kutsegula kwa chidziwitso" ndikwachibadwa komanso kwachibadwa: choyambirira mwa ana, chidziwitso chimakula pang'onopang'ono, chimadutsa pa siteji ya chidziwitso ndi ego, ndiye kuti athe kutsegulira chilengedwe chonse, monga Carl Jung adafotokozera m'mabuku ake. mabuku. M'magawo ake omaliza a chitukuko, chidziwitso chimakhala chofanana ndi kudzutsidwa kapena kuunikira komwe miyambo yambiri yachinsinsi imalankhula.

Transpersonal si njira, ndi a munthu kupanga ndi dziko lozungulira ilo. Psychotherapists omwe ali ndi malingaliro awa amatha kutenga njira yachikale ndikungolola kuti gawo lauzimu likhale loyenera pakukula kwaumunthu. Koma, kawirikawiri, ntchito ya transpersonal imakhala ndi kuchititsa anthu pawokha zosadziwika bwino (Maslow adawayitana zochitika zapamwamba kapena zochitika za paroxysmal). Zokumana nazo izi zimapangidwira kuphwanya malire amalingaliro kapena malingaliro ndikupereka mwayi wozindikira zambiri zenizeni.

Njira zingapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa izi, ambiri aiwo amabwerekedwa kapena kusinthidwa kuchokera ku miyambo yauzimu yakum'mawa kapena ya shamanic: kusinkhasinkha kosiyanasiyana, hypnosis, kuvina kopatulika, malo ogona thukuta (sweat lodge), kufunafuna masomphenya, kubwerera m'mbuyo m'miyoyo yakale, maloto, maloto omveka bwino, kupuma ndi njira zamphamvu kuchokera ku yoga kapena Qi Gong, kugwira ntchito ndi miyambo, kupuma kwa holotropic, zojambulajambula, kuwonetseratu kulenga, sophrology, kubadwanso, ndi zina zotero.

Zambiri za izi luso ndi wamphamvu ndipo ziyenera kuchitidwa pamalo oyenera komanso otetezeka. The psychotherapist ayenera kuthandiza munthuyo kuzindikira zomwe akumana nazo ndikuziphatikiza. Choncho tiyenera kusankha mosamala wochiritsa amene tikufuna kuyamba naye ulendo wotere.

Kumbukirani, komabe zokumana nazo zopambana zimatha kuchitika mwangozi chifukwa cha zochitika zachilengedwe, monga kukhala kutsogolo kwa malo kapena ntchito yojambula yokongola kwambiri, kuchitira umboni kubadwa kwa mwana kapena imfa ya wokondedwa . Kuphatikiza apo, kuvina, kuimba, masewera, sayansi, kulimba mtima ndi kudzipereka ndi njira zopezera zochitika zamtunduwu.

Ngakhale ili ndi ofufuza angapo ofunikira komanso olemba, a transpersonal psychology amakhalabe malire. Simaphunzitsidwa m'mayunivesite a psychology ndi madongosolo a akatswiri azamisala sazindikira kawirikawiri machitidwe okhudzana nawo. Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti, mu psychology "yovomerezeka", pali kale chikhalidwe chamunthu / chaumunthu chomwe chimayang'ana pakudzikwaniritsa, koma popanda ntchito yokhazikika pakufunafuna kupitilira.

Psychology ya Transpersonal imayang'ana kwambiri anthu:

• amene akufuna kufufuza ndi kutsimikizira awo zokhumba zakuya;
• en mavuto omwe alipo kapena amene amakhala a kusintha kwakukulu (kupuma pantchito, kusudzulana, malingaliro atsopano, imfa ya wokondedwa, etc.);
• mu njira ya machiritso;
• muzochitika kapena muvuto lauzimu;
• kulimbana ndi osokoneza (mowa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, maubwenzi). Pakusuntha kwamunthu, zizolowezi zitha kukhala chiwonetsero "chosasinthika" cha ludzu lolumikizana ndi "gwero lamkati".

• Njira za Transpersonal psychology zokha sizingakhale yankho lokwanira kwa anthu okhalamo kupsinjika kwakukulu kwamaganizidwe. Kudziposa ndikofunikadi, koma ndi chosowa chomwe, malinga ndi olemba a gululi, chikhoza kukhutitsidwa kokha pamene a magulu ena ali, osachepera pang'ono.
• Ngakhale kulimbikitsa kugonjetsa, psychology ya transpersonal imalimbikitsa kuchenjera ndi kuzindikira malire zenizeni za umunthu wathu. Imatiphunzitsanso kuti kuti tikwaniritse kulumikizana ndi chilengedwe, munthu wobadwa ndi thupi yemwe tili ayenera kuti adzilumikizana naye.

Psychotherapists kapena akatswiri omwe njira yawo imalemekeza malingaliro amunthu sagwiritsa ntchito mawuwa ndipo nthawi zambiri sadziwonetsa okha pansi pa chizindikirochi. Nthawi zambiri atha kupezeka muzochita zokonzedwa, monga zokambirana zobadwanso mwatsopano kapena mafunso amasomphenya, kapena kulumikizana ndi amodzi mwamabungwe omwe atchulidwa mu Sites of Interest.

Institute of Transpersonal Psychology ku Palo Alto, California ndiye likulu la maphunziro a transpersonal. Sukulu ya psychology iyi yakhala ikupereka pulogalamu yokwanira kuyambira 1975 kuphatikiza zitsanzo zachikhalidwe komanso zomwe si zachikhalidwe. Malowa amaperekanso maphunziro akutali.

Ku Quebec, a Quebec Transpersonal Psychology Center yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1985 imapereka maphunziro a maola 600 (miyezi ya 18) kuphatikiza ntchito yothandiza ku California.

Bungwe la Association française du transpersonnel ku Paris ndi malo osonkhanira omwe amakumana ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana za kubadwanso kwauzimu ndi thupi. Zimaphatikizaponso Institute of Transpersonal Psychology yomwe imapereka maphunziro osiyanasiyana.

Zambiri zolumikizana nazo zitha kupezeka patsamba lazokonda.

Kuchokera ku Marc-Alain.

Wolemba mabuku angapo okhudza nkhaniyi, kuphatikiza mitu iwiri iyi: Masomphenya a transpersonal (mogwirizana), Éditions Dervy, France, 1995 ndi Gawo lauzimu mu psychotherapy (mogwirizana), Éditions Somatothérapies, France, 1997.

Zikomo Christina. Ludzu la moyo - Kupeza tanthauzo mu mtima wokonda chizolowezi, Souffle d'or, France, 1994.

Wolembayo ndi wopanga nawo limodzi, ndi Stanislas Grof, wa njira yopumira ya holotropic.

Grof Stanislas. Psychology yapadera, ndinawerenga, France, 2009.

Grof Stanislas. Kwa psychology yamtsogolo - Kusintha kwa Psychic ndi mtendere wamkati, Zosindikiza za Du Rocher, France, 2002.

Katswiri wazamisala, Grof ndi katswiri wazosintha zachidziwitso.

Pelletier Pierre. Transpersonal mankhwala, Editions Fides, Canada, 1996.

Katswiri wa zaumulungu, filosofi ndi psychoanalyst, wolemba akufotokoza momveka bwino maziko a lingaliro la transpersonal.

Walsh Roger.

Dokotala uyu, pulofesa wa psychiatry ndi filosofi, ndi wofunikira woganizira za kayendetsedwe ka anthu. Mu Njira zotsitsimula (Le jour, mkonzi, Canada, 2000, kumasulira kwa Uzimu Wofunika), imasonyeza cholinga chofanana cha zinthu zauzimu za dziko lapansi komanso maphunziro asanu ndi awiri omwe amatsogolera ku chidziwitso chopatulika ndi chaumulungu cha umunthu wathu wamkati ndi dziko lotizungulira. Onaninso Beyond the Ego - Ndemanga Yoyamba Kwambiri mu Psychology transpersonal (mogwirizana ndi Frances Vaughan), La Table Ronde, France, 1984.

Wilber Ken.

Katswiri wa zamaganizo, filosofi ndi maphunziro, Wilber wasindikiza mabuku makumi awiri mu Chingerezi, atatu mwa iwo adamasuliridwa ku French: The holographic paradigm (The Holographic Paradigm), Le jour, publisher, Canada, 1984; Maso atatu a chidziwitso (Diso kwa Diso), Éditions Du Rocher, Monaco, 1987; ndi Mbiri yachidule ya chilichonse (Mbiri Yachidule Ya Chilichonse), Éditions De Mortagne, Canada, 1997. Amanenedwa kukhala wachipambano kuposa aliyense m’kutsegula maganizo a Azungu ku malingaliro ozama a nzeru za ambuye aakulu.

Association for Transpersonal Psychology

Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1972, ndilo gawo loyamba la kayendetsedwe kake. Chiwonetsero chachidule komanso cholondola cha zikhulupiriro za transpersonal. Amasindikiza The Journal of Transpersonal Psychology.

www.atpweb.org

French transpersonnel association

Main bridgehead of the movement in the world-s speaker French in Europe. Malemba angapo ofunikira ndi maumboni.

www.europsy.org

Quebec Transpersonal Psychology Center

Lakhazikitsidwa mu 1985, malowa amapereka uphungu wa munthu payekha, zokambirana zamagulu ndi maphunziro. Palinso malingaliro angapo panjira za transpersonal.

www.psychologietranspersonnelle.com

Institute of Transpersonal Psychology, Palo Alto, California

Sukuluyi, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1975, ikugwirabe ntchito pamaphunziro apamwamba komanso opitilira. Kuti mukhale ndi chidziwitso pazomwe zikuchitika m'gululi.

www.itp.edu

Quebec Society of Professional Psychotherapists

Palibe mgwirizano wa transpersonal ku Quebec, koma akatswiri ena agululi atha kufikidwa kudzera mwa mkhalapakati wa gulu la psychotherapists (mtundu wa transpersonal mu injini yosakira).

www.sqpp.org