Zamkatimu
Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la XNUMX, ofufuza ambiri amayang'ana kwambiri zakukula kwa psychomotor kwa ana ang'onoang'ono. Zosintha zina zimatuluka m'maphunziro osiyanasiyana awa: pomwe makanda ali ndi maluso ochulukirapo kuposa momwe amakhulupilira kale, amakhalanso ndi zofooka zathupi komanso zamaganizidwe. Kukula kwawo kumachitika mkati mwa dongosolo ili. Sikuti ndi vuto, koma ndi maziko omwe umunthu wa mwana aliyense umakula pa liwiro lake.
Ma reflexes obadwa kumene
Ana onse (kupatula ngati ali olumala) amabadwa ndi mphamvu zofanana zoyambira, zomwe zimalonjeza kwambiri. Ndipo malire omwewo, odutsa. Mwana wakhanda sangathe kukweza mutu wake kapena kukhala chete; minyewa yake imakhala yotsika kwambiri pamutu ndi thunthu. Pachifukwa chomwechi, pogona, imayambiranso malo a fetal, miyendo ndi manja apangidwe. Kumanga thupi lake kudzalimbikitsidwa kuyambira kumutu mpaka kumapazi (cephalo-caudal direction). Izi sizimalepheretsa kusuntha, kuyambira pa kubadwa. Inde, koma popanda kulowererapo kwa chifuniro chake. Thupi lake limachita zinthu modzidzimutsa pokondoweza ndi kusuntha kodzifunira. Kusuntha kumeneku kumapereka kumverera kwatsopano komwe thupi limachita. Chiyambi cha chitukuko cha psychomotor (pakati pa miyezi 3 ndi 6) chidzaseweredwa pakusintha kuchokera ku zomwe zimatchedwa ma archaic reflexes, zomwe zimapezeka panthawi yobadwa, kupita kumayendedwe odzifunira.
Mafupa ena obadwa kumene ndi ofunikira. Reflex yoyamwa, yoyambitsidwa ndi kukhudza kosavuta kwa mizere ya pakamwa; rooting reflex, yomwe imamaliza yapitayi potembenuza mutu kumbali yofunsidwa; kumeza reflex, kumayambitsa kukhudzana kwa lilime ndi khoma la pharynx; kuponderezedwa kwa lilime lomwe, kwa miyezi 3, limalola kukana chakudya cholimba kumbali yakunja ya mkamwa; ndipo potsiriza, iwo a hiccups, yawns ndi kuyetsemula.
Ena amachitira umboni za kukhudzidwa mtima kwake. Pazovuta, mwachitsanzo mwana akakwezedwa ndipo akumva mutu wake ukubwerera chammbuyo, Moro (kapena kukumbatira) reflex imayambitsidwa: manja ndi zala zimasuntha, thupi limakonda ndikuuma, kenako limabwerera kumalo ake oyambirira. Galant reflex (kapena trunk curvature) imapangitsa kuti ikhale yopindika chifukwa cha kukopa kwa khungu lakumbuyo, pafupi ndi msana.
Maonekedwe ena amachitira chithunzi mayendedwe ake omwe adzalamulire pambuyo pake. Ikangoima, kuyenda kodziwikiratu kumapangitsa mwana wakhanda jambulani masitepe (paphazi ngati wabadwa pakapita nthawi, nsonga yake ngati isanakwane). The step-over reflex imamulola kukweza phazi mwamsanga pamene kumbuyo kwake kukhudza chopinga. Swimming reflex imayambitsa kusambira, pomwe imatsekereza kupuma kwake ikangomizidwa. The gripping reflex (kapena grasping-reflex) imapangitsa dzanja lanu kutseka ngati mukusisita chikhatho chanu, kumuletsa kwakanthawi kuti asagwire chilichonse.
Kumbali ya ubongo, kusankha ndi kulumikizana kwa maselo sikokwanira… Opaleshoniyo imatenga zaka zinayi! Netiweki ya mauthenga otumizira mauthenga a m'mitsempha imagwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono. Kukumbukira kwa khanda kulibe mphamvu zazikulu zosungira, koma mphamvu zake zimadzutsidwa! Ndipo wobadwa kumene, wabwino mwachibadwa, amagwiritsa ntchito mokwanira omwe akugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri: kumva, kukhudza ndi kulawa. Kupenya kwake poyamba kumamlola kusiyanitsa kuwala kokha ndi mdima; ikhala bwino kuyambira masiku ake oyamba ndipo, pafupifupi miyezi inayi, adzawona zambiri.
Umu ndi momwe amalandirira chidziwitso, kudzera mu mphamvu. Koma, sizitenga nthawi yayitali kuti awachitire, popeza, kuyambira miyezi iwiri, amatha kutumiza kumwetulira kwachidziwitso, chizindikiro kuti akulowa mukulankhulana ndi omwe ali pafupi naye.
Kufunika kukumana makanda
Ana aang'ono akuwongolera nthawi zonse. Osati linearly: pali kudumpha patsogolo, kuyimirira, kubwerera m'mbuyo… Koma onse akupita ku kupeza maluso ofunikira omwe amatsegula njira yodzilamulira. Ziribe kanthu kamvekedwe kawo ndi "kalembedwe", amapitilira njira yomweyo.
Mwanayo amadalira zimene waphunzira kuti apite patsogolo. Amadikirira kuti atenge zachilendo kuti atenge sitepe yotsatira. Chenjezo lanzeru! Koma amene alibe choganiza. Akangokhazikitsidwa, zovuta sizimayimitsanso. Zochita zake zikuchuluka. Nthawi zina amanyalanyaza gawo lina kuti lipindule ndi lina lomwe limamulamulira (chinenero chothandizira kuyenda, kujambula kuti apindule ndi chinenero, ndi zina zotero) chifukwa sangathe kuika maganizo ake pa chilichonse panthawi imodzi. Koma zomwe akudziwa, ali nazo, ndipo nthawi ikadzafika, adzayambanso kutengera zomwe zidapangidwa kale.
Mfundo inanso yopezera: mwana wamng'ono amapita ndi kuyesa. Iye amachita kaye, kenako n’kuganiza. Mpaka zaka 2, mphatso yokhayo yomwe ilipo kwa iye. Pang’ono ndi pang’ono, akuphunzira pa zimene wakumana nazo. Malingaliro ake amapangidwa, koma nthawi zonse kuchokera ku konkire. Dziwani, amayesa mosatopa. Amabwereza manja omwewo, mawu omwewo… ndi zamkhutu zomwezo! Izi kuti muyang'ane: choyamba zowonera zake, chidziwitso chake, kenako, kenako, malire omwe mumamuyika. Ngakhale atakhala wosaleza mtima pamaso pa zolephera, palibe chomwe chimafooketsa mkwiyo wake. Zotsatira: inu nokha mwatsutsidwa kubwereza nokha!
Khalidwe linanso: silimawunika zotheka zake momveka bwino. Nthawi zina mwana wanu amakoka kumbuyo kutsogolo kwa chopinga chomwe m'maso mwanu amatha kuwoloka mosavuta. Nthaŵi zina amanyalanyaza ngozi, chifukwa chakuti alibe lingaliro. Mpaka atakwanitsa zaka 2, kumulimbikitsa komanso kumuletsa, kudalira kukopa kamvekedwe ka mawu anu, osati pa mawu, tanthauzo lake lomwe limamuthawa. Kenako mpaka zaka 4, zenizeni ndi malingaliro zimalumikizana m'malingaliro ake.
Sanama: amakudziwitsani zomwe ubongo wake wachonde umatulutsa. Zili ndi inu kulekanitsa zoona ndi zabodza! Koma palibe chifukwa chomunenera.
Kudzikuza kwake kwachilengedwe, gawo lofunikira pakukula kwake kwamaganizidwe, komwe kumatenga mpaka zaka 7, kumamupangitsa kukhala wolephera kufotokozera. Iye samangoganizira kuti akuganiziridwa mosiyana ndi iye. Komabe amalandira ziletso zisanu mwa zisanu; amayamikiranso chifukwa amamusonyeza kuti mukumuyang’anira. Musataye mtima kufotokoza, koma popanda kuyembekezera phindu lina lililonse kuposa phindu lalikulu lomwe limapangitsa kuti pakhale kukhulupirirana ndi kukambirana pakati panu.
Kumayambiriro kwambiri, adasamukira kudziko lodzilamulira, ngakhale "zovuta zotsutsa" zisanachitike zomwe zingamupangitse, pafupi ndi zaka ziwiri. (ndi kwa zaka ziwiri zabwino!), Wopanduka mwadongosolo amene adzayesa kuleza mtima kwanu. Polephera kukhala ndi mphamvu pazochitika, amakonda kudzipangitsa kuti azikhulupirira. Chifukwa chake mwayikidwa ndi ntchito yosatheka: kuonetsetsa chitetezo ndi maphunziro ake, osawonetsa kupezeka kwanu kwambiri. Mwanjira ina, kumulera kuti azitha kuchita popanda inu ... Wankhanza, koma osapeŵeka!
Limbikitsani mwana wanu
Ngati pali chinthu chimodzi chomwe munthu wamng'ono wofunayo sakukayikira kuchita, ndicho kulandira chikondi chanu. Akufunika chilimbikitso. Wothamanga uyu yemwe ali ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa zambiri, yemwe amakumana ndi zovuta zazikulu ndipo salola kuti apatutsidwe pa cholinga chake, yemwe amatsutsa komanso amakwiya nthawi zambiri kuposa nthawi yake, wogonjetsa uyu ndi wodekha, wosatetezeka kwambiri. Pamene ‘tingachiswe’ mwa kuchichitira nkhanza, tingachikhulupirire mwa ife eni ndi m’moyo, mwa mphamvu yosavuta yachifundo. Sitingathe kuyamikira mwana kwambiri, komanso wamng'ono, chifukwa chotenga sitepe yatsopano kapena kugonjetsa mantha.
Mphamvu za makolo ndi zazikulu; pamene akunena kuti amatsogolera masewerawo, mwanayo amayamikira maganizo a anthu omwe amamutsogolera ndi zitsanzo zake. Chikondi chawo n’chofunika kwa iye koposa zonse. Tiyenera kusamala kuti tisagwiritse ntchito mphamvu zimenezi molakwika. Mwana ayenera kupita patsogolo payekha, osati kuti akondweretse anthu amene amakhala nawo pafupi. Ndipo zingakhale zomvetsa chisoni ngati atsekereza kapena kubweza m’mbuyo kuti akope chidwi cha makolo amene ali osokonekera kwambiri moti sangakonde.
Wanzeru kwambiri, amazindikira cholinga pansi pa mawuwo. Choyamba, chifukwa chakuti samvetsa tanthauzo la mawuwo. Kenako, ataona makolo ake kuposa momwe amaganizira, akudziwa bwino zomwe amachita komanso nthawi zonse amakhala ndi chidwi chambiri, amawakonda. Podziwona kuti ali pakati pa dziko lapansi, posakhalitsa amaganiza kuti zimadalira khalidwe lake. Nthawi zina ndi chifukwa chabwino! Koma athanso kudziimba mlandu wa nkhawa kapena chisoni chomwe alibe thayo lililonse ndikuyesa kuthetsa vutoli mwa kusintha khalidwe lake, poipitsitsa posokoneza umunthu wake.
Kukonda kwake zotsutsana ndi chithunzithunzi chabe. Koposa zonse, iye amafuna kulabadira zofunidwa, monga momwe iye akuzionera. Ngati mumakonda kumuteteza mopambanitsa, akhoza kuletsa zilakolako zake kuti akusangalatseni. Ngati mumamulimbikitsa kwambiri, angadziwone ngati nthawi zonse amakhala wocheperako pang'ono zomwe mukufuna ndipo mwina angalimbane ndi malire ake ndikuwononga chitetezo chake, kapena adzitaya ndikudzipatula.
Nthawi zambiri imapita patsogolo ... nthawi zina imapereka chithunzithunzi chokhala ndi "metro kumbuyo." Zili kwa makolo kuti agwiritse ntchito kusintha kwakukulu kuti apitirizebe kukhala ndi nthawi. Ndipotu, mofulumira kwambiri, palibe chomwe chidzakhala chosagwirizana ndi wamng'ono kuposa kukhulupirira kuti akuchitidwa ngati "mwana". Amajambula zambiri zake kuchokera kuzinthu zonse: kusukulu, kwa akuluakulu omwe amamuzungulira, kuchokera kumasewera, mabuku ndi zojambulajambula. Iye akumanga dziko la iye yekha, kumene inu simukuitanidwanso mwadongosolo. Zachidziwikire, muyenera kukonza mphekesera zongopeka zomwe zimafalikira m'malo osewerera ngati zili zowopsa. Koma muloleni adziganizire yekha, ngakhale mosiyana ndi inu!
Masewera odzutsa mwana wanu
Maphunziro abwino amasewera akhala akudziwika kale ndi akatswiri onse. Pamene akusewera, mwanayo amagwiritsa ntchito luso lake, malingaliro ake, malingaliro ake ... Koma mfundo imeneyi ya maphunziro ndi yachilendo kwa iye. Chinthu chimodzi chokha chimamusangalatsa: kusangalala.
Koposa zonse, khalani mwachibadwa. Ndibwino kuvomereza kuti simukufuna kusewera (panthawiyo!) Kuposa kudzikakamiza kutero. Kenako mwana wanu angaone kuti mukukayikakayika. Ndipo nonse mungataye phindu lalikulu lamasewera limodzi: kugawana mphindi yolumikizana ndikulimbitsa maubale. Momwemonso, muli ndi ufulu wonse wokonda masewera ena kuposa ena ndikuwafotokozera zomwe amakonda.
Osawononga chisangalalo pokhazikitsa zolinga. Mungakhalenso pachiwopsezo chochiyika pamalo olephera ngati sichikukwaniritsa zomwe mukufuna. Komano, ngati ali ndi cholinga choti akwaniritse cholinga chake, m’limbikitseni kuchikwaniritsa. Muthandizeni mpaka pamlingo womwe wapempha: kuchita bwino "payekha" ndikofunikira, osati kungokhutiritsa umunthu wake, komanso kuti apeze ndikutengera maopaleshoni omwe adamupangitsa kuti apambane. Ngati atopa kapena kuipidwa, muuzeni zochita zina. Kufuna kumaliza masewera panjira iliyonse sikungowonjezera mtengo wake.
Lolani kuti mutsogoleredwe ndi malingaliro ake. Amakonda kutsogolera kuvina. Ndizachilengedwe: ili m'malo ake, ndi yokhayo yomwe simupanga lamulo. Kodi satsatira malamulo a masewera kapena kuwakhumudwitsa panjira? Osatengera. Iye safuna kwenikweni kuthetsa mavuto. Amatsatira lingaliro lake latsopano la mphindi.
Gonjerani logic yanu mu chipinda chotsekera. Mumalowa m'dziko longoyerekeza lomwe si lanu. Kuyambira wazaka zitatu, kusazindikira kwanu ma code omwe amatsatiridwa ndi ngwazi zake zomwe amakonda kapena kusokonezeka kwanu pamaso pa chidole chosinthika chomwe mungamupatse - pomaliza! - mwayi pa inu.
Masewera a board amawonetsa ola loti ayambitse malamulowo. Pafupi zaka 3 nayenso. Zoonadi, izi ziyenera kukhala zofikirika kwa iye. Koma kumupempha kuti awalemekeze kumamuthandiza kuvomereza, pang'onopang'ono, malamulo ena a moyo wamagulu: khalani chete, vomerezani kutaya, dikirani nthawi yake ...
Ndani woti apemphe thandizo?
Nkhawa sizingakhale zofanana ndi kholo? Kuopa kosalekeza kochita zoipa nthaŵi zina kumayambitsa kusungulumwa kwakukulu poyang’anizana ndi maudindo ambiri. Zolakwa! Akatswiri alipo kuti apereke mayankho kwa makolo kumavuto onse.
TSIKU NDI TSIKU
Anamwino a nazale kapena othandizira anazale oyenerera amadziwa bwino mfundo komanso magawo onse a chitukuko cha psychomotor. Kukhala pamodzi ndi mwana wanu tsiku ndi tsiku, kumabweretsanso maonekedwe abwino kwa iye. Kukambirana nawo nthawi zambiri kumathandiza kuti zinthu ziziwayendera bwino.
Aphunzitsi, ochokera ku sukulu ya mkaka, amapereka chidziŵitso chamtengo wapatali cha khalidwe la mwanayo panthawi ya zochita komanso ndi anzake a m’kalasi. Dokotala wa ana kapena dokotala yemwe amapezekapo nthawi zonse amakhala malo oyamba okumana nawo. Ngati pali vuto, amachizindikiritsa, ndiye, ngati kuli kofunikira, amatchula katswiri.
PAMENE AMAPHUNZITSIDWA NDI MAVUTO
The psychomotor Therapist imalowerera pazovuta zamagalimoto, mwachitsanzo lateralization. Ngati ntchito yake (yotengera masewera, zojambula ndi mayendedwe) imamupangitsa kuti apeze zovuta zamaganizo, amalankhula za izo kwa makolo.
Wothandizira kulankhula zimagwira ntchito pamavuto achilankhulo. Iyenso amadziwitsa makolo za vuto lililonse la m’maganizo limene wapeza.
Katswiri wa zamaganizo amagwiritsa ntchito malankhulidwe pofuna kuthana ndi mavuto a khalidwe omwe angathetsedwe motere. Mwanayo amaonetsa mantha ake ndi nkhawa zake. Timakambirana naye ataona zizindikiro za kusapeza bwino: mwaukali, kudzikuza, kukodzera pabedi… Mogwirizana ndi makolo, amaona nthawi ya kulowererapo: kuyambira magawo awiri/atatu mpaka miyezi ingapo. Akhozanso kulangiza magawo ophatikizana pamaso pa makolo ndi mwanayo.
Dokotala wama psychologist amachiza matenda "olemera" ochulukirapo, monga kusachita chidwi kwenikweni.
Dokotala wa ana fufuzani zomwe zimayambitsa kuchedwa kapena kusokonezeka kwa chitukuko cha psychomotor moyenerera ndi akatswiri osiyanasiyana omwe adatsogolera. Kenako amapereka chithandizo.