Ngati tiwunika bowa potengera momwe angadyetsere chakudya, ndiye kuti onse amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: oyenera komanso osayenera kudya. Lililonse la maguluwa, nawonso, limaphatikizapo ma subspecies awiri, malingana ndi mlingo wa "edibility" wa bowa omwe akuphatikizidwamo. Bowa woyenerera ukhoza kudyedwa kapena kudyedwa mokhazikika, ndipo bowa wosayenera ukhoza kukhala bowa wosadyedwa kapena wakupha. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pakhoza kukhala kusiyana pakati pa magulu. Mwachitsanzo, m'dziko lathu, bowa weniweni amatengedwa ngati bowa wodyedwa, koma kumadzulo kwa Europe ndi gulu la bowa wosadyedwa. Zimachitikanso mosemphanitsa. Anthu athu saganiziranso bowa wa oyster, ambulera ya motley kapena ndowe ngati bowa, pomwe azungu amawasonkhanitsa mosangalala komanso amawayika ngati zakudya zabwino. Nthawi zambiri, zambiri zimadalira chikhalidwe ndi miyambo. Ganizirani gulu lililonse la bowa mwatsatanetsatane.

Bowa wodyedwa ndi omwe alibe chilichonse chovulaza kapena chosasangalatsa. Bowawa ali ndi kakomedwe kake ka "bowa" ndipo amadyedwa ngakhale atakhala wauwisi.

Bowa wodyedwa mokhazikika sakhala ndi fungo lokoma kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi zinthu zovulaza kapena zowawa. Mutha kuzidya pokhapokha mutalandira chithandizo (mwachitsanzo, wiritsani kapena zilowerere), komanso zouma kapena zamchere. Mtundu uliwonse wa bowa uli ndi ukadaulo wake wotsimikizika wokonza. Mwachitsanzo, russula wowawa kapena morels amafunika kuphika kwa mphindi 3-5. Bowa wakuda, valui kapena volushki ayenera kuphikidwa pang'ono - mphindi 10-15. Bowawa ndi oyeneranso kuyika mchere, amangoyenera kusungidwa m'madzi amchere kwa masiku awiri izi zisanachitike. Koma mizere yowiritsa kawiri: choyamba kwa mphindi 5-10, kenako amasintha madzi ndikusiya pa chitofu kwa mphindi 15-20. Ndipo ngakhale kusamalitsa kotereku sikutsimikizira kusakhala ndi vuto kwa mizere.

Zosadyeka zimaphatikizapo oimira ufumu wa bowa omwe ali ndi kukoma kosasangalatsa komanso kununkhira, amakhala ndi zinthu zovulaza. Bowa wotere sungasinthidwe kukhala wodyedwa ndi kukonza kulikonse. Chifukwa chake, samakonzedwa ngati chakudya chodziyimira pawokha, koma nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokometsera.

Ndipo potsiriza, bowa wakupha. Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, bowawa ali ndi zinthu zapoizoni zomwe zimayika pachiwopsezo ku thanzi la munthu komanso moyo wamunthu. Malingana ndi momwe bowa wakupha amachitira pa thupi, amagawidwa m'magulu atatu. Gulu loyamba ndi bowa ndi zomwe zimatchedwa zochita zakomweko. Izi zikuphatikizapo mvula yabodza, russula wowawa, bowa wofiira, mzere wa tiger ndi bowa wa masika (osaphika). Bowa woterewa amakhudza m'mimba mkati mwa mphindi 15-60 mutatha kumeza. Zizindikiro kumatenga masiku awiri kwa sabata, malingana ndi munthu makhalidwe a chamoyo. Zotsatira zakupha ndizosowa, koma sizichotsedwa, makamaka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chofooka.

Gulu lachiwiri limaphatikizapo bowa zomwe zimakhudza dongosolo lapakati la mitsempha, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana mmenemo (mpaka kuyerekezera ndi kukomoka). Kulephera kudya kwambiri kungachitikenso. Zizindikiro zoyamba zimawonekera, monga lamulo, pakadutsa theka la ola mpaka maola awiri. Bowa la gulu lachiwiri limaphatikizapo masanzi a russula, hebeloma, entolomy, mizere ina ndi ulusi, komanso kuuluka kwa agaric komwe kumadziwika kwa aliyense.

Gulu lachitatu la bowa wapoizoni ndilowopsa komanso lobisika. Amayamba kuwononga plasma-poizoni pathupi atangodyedwa. Koma kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri, palibe ma alarm omwe amawonedwa. Munthu sangathe ngakhale kukayikira kuti wapatsidwa poizoni, ndipo poizoni wa fungal akupha kale chiwindi ndi (nthawi zina) maselo a impso. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mankhwalawa amatha kufa. Gulu lachitatu la bowa limaphatikizapo spring fly agaric ndi agaric fly fly, cobweb wofiira wamagazi, grebe wotuwa, mizere ndi pafupifupi lobes.

Siyani Mumakonda