Iwo akhoza kupanga khama zosaneneka kuti kuonda, koma musati kukwaniritsa zotsatira. "Khoma la mafuta", ngati chipolopolo, limawateteza ku zowawa zamaganizo zomwe zimachitika kamodzi. Katswiri wazachipatala Yulia Lapina amalankhula za ozunzidwa - atsikana ndi amayi omwe sangathandizidwe ndi zakudya wamba.
Lisa (dzina losinthidwa) adapeza ma kilogalamu 15 ali ndi zaka eyiti. Mayi ake anamudzudzula chifukwa chodya pasita wambiri m’chipinda chodyera kusukulu. Ndipo ankaopa kuwauza mayi ake kuti amalume ake ankamuvutitsa nthawi zonse.
Tatiana anagwiriridwa ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Anadya mopambanitsa, ndipo asanakumane ndi chibwenzi chake chilichonse, ankasanzitsa. Iye anafotokoza motere: pamene anali ndi zilakolako za kugonana, ankadzimva kukhala wauve, wodziimba mlandu ndipo ankakhala ndi nkhawa. Chakudya ndi wotsatira «kuyeretsa» anamuthandiza kulimbana ndi vutoli.
KULUMIKIZANA KWATHA
Mayi amasankha njira yodzitetezera mosadziwa: kulemera kwake kumakhala kwa chitetezo chake ku zochitika zoopsa. Chotsatira chake, kupyolera mu njira zopanda chidziwitso za psyche, kuwonjezeka kwa njala kumachitika, zomwe zimayambitsa kudya kwambiri komanso kulemera. M'lingaliro lina, kunenepa kumatetezanso mkazi wotero ku kugonana kwake, chifukwa khalidwe logonana mwa amayi olemera kwambiri silinagwirizane ndi anthu - komanso mwa amayi oposa makumi asanu.
Kugwirizana pakati pa nkhanza za kugonana ndi vuto la kudya kwakambidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Zimakhazikitsidwa makamaka pamalingaliro: kudziimba mlandu, manyazi, kudzikonda, kudzikwiyira - komanso kuyesa kusokoneza malingaliro mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zakunja (chakudya, mowa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo).
Ozunzidwa amagwiritsira ntchito chakudya kuti apirire malingaliro omwe alibe chochita ndi njala
Nkhanza zogonana zimatha kusokoneza kadyedwe komanso mawonekedwe a thupi la wogwiriridwayo m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Panthawi yachiwawa pa thupi, kulamulira sikulinso kwa iye. Malire amaphwanyidwa kwambiri, ndipo kugwirizana ndi zowawa za thupi, kuphatikizapo njala, kutopa, kugonana, zikhoza kutayika. Munthu amasiya kutsogoleredwa nawo chifukwa choti sakuwamva.
Ozunzidwa amagwiritsira ntchito chakudya kuti apirire malingaliro omwe alibe chochita ndi njala. Kumverera komwe kugwirizana kwachindunji kumatayika kumatha kubwera ku chidziwitso ndi zina zosamvetsetseka, zosamveka bwino "Ndikufuna chinachake", ndipo izi zingayambitse kudya kwambiri, pamene yankho la mavuto zana ndi chakudya.
KUOPA KUKHALA MWANA WOPANDA
Mwa njira, anthu omwe amachitiridwa nkhanza za kugonana sangakhale olemera kwambiri, komanso ochepa kwambiri - kukopa kwa thupi kungathe kuponderezedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ena mwa amayiwa amakakamiza kudya, kusala kudya, kapena kusanza kuti matupi awo akhale angwiro. Kwa iwo, tikukamba za mfundo yakuti «yabwino» thupi ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, invulnerability, kulamulira zinthu. Zikuoneka kuti mwa njira imeneyi adzatha kudziteteza ku maganizo osowa chochita.
Pankhani ya nkhanza za ubwana (osati nkhanza zakugonana), amuna ndi akazi onenepa mosadziwa amawopa kuonda chifukwa kumawapangitsa kudzimva kukhala aang'ono, ngati kuti analinso ana opanda chithandizo. Thupi likakhala "laling'ono", zowawa zonse zomwe sanaphunzire kupirira zimatha kuwonekera.
ZOONA ZOKHA
Asayansi ochokera ku Boston University School of Medicine ndi Epidemiology Center, motsogozedwa ndi René Boynton-Jarret, adachita kafukufuku wambiri wokhudza thanzi la amayi kuyambira 1995 mpaka 2005. Iwo adasanthula deta kuchokera kwa amayi oposa 33 omwe adagwiriridwapo ali mwana ndipo adapeza kuti anali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha 30% chokhala onenepa kuposa omwe anali ndi mwayi wopewa. Ndipo phunziroli silili lapadera - pali ntchito zina zambiri zoperekedwa pamutuwu.
Ofufuza ena amagwirizanitsa vuto la kunenepa mopitirira muyeso ndi mitundu ina ya chiwawa: thupi (kumenyedwa) ndi kupwetekedwa maganizo (kuperewera). Pakafukufuku wina, anthu odya mopambanitsa anapemphedwa kuti asankhe zinthu zingapo pandandanda wa zinthu zimene zinawachitikira zoopsa. 59% ya iwo analankhula za kuzunzidwa maganizo, 36% - zakuthupi, 30% - za kugonana, 69% - za kukana maganizo kwa makolo awo, 39% - za kukana thupi.
Vutoli si lalikulu kwambiri. Mwana mmodzi mwa ana anayi aliwonse ndi mmodzi mwa amayi atatu aliwonse amachitiridwa nkhanza zamtundu wina.
Ofufuza onse amawona kuti izi siziri zokhudzana ndi kugwirizana kwachindunji, koma ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo, koma ndi pakati pa anthu olemera kwambiri omwe chiwerengero chachikulu cha omwe adakumana ndi chiwawa paubwana chimawonedwa.
Vutoli si lalikulu kwambiri. Malinga ndi lipoti la Global Status Report on Violence Prevention la 2014, lokonzedwa ndi bungwe la World Health Organization ndi United Nations potengera zimene akatswiri 160 padziko lonse apeza, akuti mwana mmodzi mwa ana anayi alionse komanso mayi mmodzi mwa amayi atatu alionse amachitiridwa nkhanza za mtundu wina.
KODI MUNGACHITE CHIYANI?
Kaya kulemera kwanu owonjezera ndi «zida» kapena chifukwa cha maganizo kudya mopambanitsa (kapena onse), mukhoza kuyesa zotsatirazi.
Kuchiza matenda. Kugwira ntchito mwachindunji ndi zoopsa muofesi ya psychotherapist ndi imodzi mwa njira zothandiza kwambiri. Wothandizira wodziwa bwino akhoza kukhala munthu woti agawane ndikuchiritsa ululu wanu wakale.
Sakani magulu othandizira. Kugwira ntchito ndi zoopsa m'gulu la anthu omwe adakumanapo nazo ndi chithandizo chachikulu cha machiritso. Tikakhala m'gulu, ubongo wathu ukhoza "kulembanso" zochita, popeza munthu amakhala wokonda kucheza. Timaphunzira mu gulu, timapeza chithandizo mmenemo ndikumvetsetsa kuti sitili tokha.
Yesetsani kuthana ndi kudya mopitirira muyeso. Kugwira ntchito ndi zowawa, mofanana, mutha kudziwa njira zogwirira ntchito ndi kudya mopitirira muyeso. Pachifukwa ichi, chithandizo chamalingaliro, yoga ndi kusinkhasinkha ndizoyenera - njira zokhudzana ndi luso lomvetsetsa momwe mukumvera komanso kulumikizana kwawo ndi kudya kwambiri.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti malingaliro athu ndi ngalande: kuti tifike kuunika, iyenera kudutsa mpaka kumapeto, ndipo izi zimafuna gwero.
Kupeza yankho. Anthu ambiri amene apulumuka pa zoopsazo amakonda kulowa m’maubwenzi owononga omwe amangowonjezera zinthu. Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri ndicho chidakwa cha mwamuna ndi mkazi amene ali ndi mavuto onenepa kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi luso lokumana ndi mabala akale, kukhazikitsa malire aumwini, kuphunzira kudzisamalira nokha komanso malingaliro anu.
Emotion diaries. Ndikofunikira kuphunzira momwe mungafotokozere zakukhosi kwanu moyenera. Njira zopumula, kufunafuna chithandizo, masewera olimbitsa thupi angathandize pa izi. Muyenera kukulitsa luso lozindikira malingaliro anu, kusunga zolemba zanu komanso kusanthula zomwe mumamva.
Njira zosavuta. Kuwerenga, kuyankhula ndi mnzanu, kupita kokayenda - lembani mndandanda wa zinthu zomwe zimakuthandizani ndikuzisunga kuti mukhale ndi mayankho okonzeka munthawi yovuta. Inde, sipangakhale "mankhwala ofulumira", koma kupeza zomwe zimathandiza kungathandize kwambiri kusintha.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti malingaliro athu ndi ngalande: kuti mufike kuunika, muyenera kudutsamo mpaka kumapeto, ndipo chifukwa cha izi mukufunikira gwero - kudutsa mumdima uwu ndikukhala ndi maganizo oipa kwa nthawi ndithu. . Posachedwapa, ngalandeyi idzatha, ndipo kumasulidwa kudzabwera - kuchokera ku zowawa komanso kuchokera ku chiyanjano chowawa ndi chakudya.