Matenda a kachilombo ndi ofala komanso opatsirana kwambiri. Amapereka mawonetseredwe osiyanasiyana. Zitsanzo za matenda opatsirana ndi nasopharyngitis, matonillitis ambiri ndi chimfine.

Vosis ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo. Ma virus ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapangidwa ndi ma genetic (RNA kapena DNA nucleic acid) yozunguliridwa ndi kapisozi wopangidwa ndi mapuloteni ndipo nthawi zina emvulopu. Sangathe kudzidyetsa okha ndi kugawikana (pomwe mabakiteriya ndi zinthu zazing'ono kwambiri zomwe zimatha kudyetsa ndikuchulukitsa).

Mavairasi amafunika kuti selo yolumikizirana ipulumuke ndikukula. Ma virus a pathogenic ndi ma virus omwe angayambitse matenda okhala ndi zizindikilo.

Mavairasi sangathe kupatsira mitundu yonse ya maselo. Vuto lirilonse limakhala ndi tanthauzo locheperako lomwe limatanthauzidwa kuti kutentha. Pali ma virus omwe ali ndi kupuma, kugaya chakudya, maliseche, chiwindi komanso mitsempha ya mitsempha. Komabe, mavairasi ena amakhala ndi tizilombo tambirimbiri.

Zitsanzo za ziwalo zolimbana ndi ma virus osiyanasiyana:

• Mitsempha yapakati: herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), enterovirus, chikuku, mumps, chiwewe, arbovirus;
• Diso: chikuku, rubella, HSV, varicella zoster virus (VZV), CMV;
• Oropharynx ndi mpweya wapamwamba: rhinovirus, fuluwenza, adenovirus, coronavirus, parainfluenza virus, HSV, CMV;
• M'munsi kupuma thirakiti: fuluwenza, chikuku, adenovirus, CMV;
• Thirakiti lakumimba: enterovirus, adenovirus, rotavirus; 
• Chiwindi: kachilombo ka hepatitis A, B, C, D ndi E;
• Maliseche: papillomavirus, HSV;
• Chikhodzodzo: adenovirus 11;
• Peau: VZV, poxvirus, papillomavirus, HSV.

Matenda oyambitsa matendawa (omwe amapezeka kwambiri) amachiritsa m'masiku ochepa mpaka milungu ingapo. Ma virus ena, monga hepatitis B virus ndi hepatitis C virus, amatha kupitilirabe ngati matenda opitilira muyeso (kuzindikira kosalekeza kwa kachilomboka). Mavairasi am'banja la Herpesviridae (HSV, VZV, CMV, EBV) amakhalabe ndi moyo wosakhalitsa m'thupi (kusapezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa ma virus) motero amatha kuyambiranso (kutulutsa kwatsopano kwa ma tinthu tating'onoting'ono) mumkhalidwe waukulu. kutopa, kupsinjika kapena kudzitchinjiriza kwa thupi (kuziika ziwalo, kachirombo ka HIV kapena khansa).

Matenda a bronchiolitis

Ku France, chaka chilichonse, makanda 500 (mwachitsanzo 000% ya ana) amakhudzidwa ndi bronchiolitis. Bronchiolitis ndi mliri wamatenda omwe amapezeka makamaka kwa ana ochepera zaka ziwiri.

Imafanana ndi kutukusira kwa ma bronchioles, timatumba tating'ono kwambiri m'mapapu. Kulepheretsa kwawo kumatsagana ndi kupumira komwe kumachitika popuma komwe kumatchedwa kupuma. Bronchiolitis imachitika makamaka kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Epulo. Amakhala pafupifupi sabata, chifuwa chimatha kupitilira pang'ono. M'milandu yoposa 70%, kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa ndi RSV, Respiratory Syncytial Virus.

Amapatsirana kwambiri. Imafalikira kuchokera kwa khanda kupita kwa khanda kapena wamkulu kupita kwa khanda kudzera m'manja, malovu, kukhosomola, kuyetsemula ndi zinthu zoyipitsidwa. Matenda a RSV ali ndi zoopsa ziwiri: chiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda akulu omwe amafunika kuchipatala komanso chiwopsezo chanthawi yayitali chokhala ndi "post-virus bronchial hyperresponsiveness". Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndimabuku omwe amabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza popuma.

Influenza

Fuluwenza ndi matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka Fluenza, komwe kali ndi mitundu itatu: A, B ndi C. Mitundu ya A ndi B yokha ndi yomwe imatha kupereka mitundu yayikulu yazachipatala.

Fuluwenza wanyengo imachitika ngati miliri kumtunda kwa France. Anthu 2 mpaka 6 miliyoni amakhudzidwa ndi chimfine chaka chilichonse. Nthawi zambiri mliri wa chimfine umachitika pakati pa Novembala ndi Epulo. Amakhala pafupifupi milungu 9.

Fuluwenza imatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo (okalamba kapena anthu omwe afooka chifukwa chodwala). Chimfine cha nyengo chimayambitsa kufa kwa anthu 10 pachaka ku France.

Matenda opatsirana ndi opatsirana kwambiri. Mavairasi amafalitsidwa ndi: 

• Malovu: CMV ndi Epstein Barr virus (EBV);
• Kutsekemera kwapumula mukatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula: mavairasi opuma (rhinovirus, virus ya fuluwenza, RSV), chikuku, VZV;
• Khungu kudzera njira yodutsa, mwa kuluma, kuluma kapena kudzera pachilonda: kachilombo ka chiwewe, HSV, VZV;
• Zojambula: kudzera pachakudya kapena manja odetsedwa ndi chopondapo (kufalitsa kwachinyama-pakamwa). Mavairasi ambiri am'mimba amapezeka m'malo opondera (adenovirus, rotavirus, coxsackievirus, poliovirus, coronavirus, enterovirus);
• Zinthu zakhudzana (kufalitsa pamanja): Matenda a Influenzae, coronavirus;
• Mkodzo: chikuku, CMV, chikuku;
• Mkaka wa m'mawere: HIV, HTLV, CMV;
• Zopereka zamagazi ndi ziwalo: HIV, kachilombo ka hepatitis B (HBV), kachilombo ka hepatitis C (HCV), CMV…;
• Zobisalira kumaliseche: HSV 1 ndi HSV 2, CMV, HBV, HIV;

Vekitala: kachilomboka kamafala ndikulumidwa ndi nyama yomwe ili ndi kachilombo (yellow fever, dengue fever, Japan encephalitis, West Nile virus encephalitis ndi ma arboviruses ena).

Matenda ambiri oyipa amtundu wa asymptomatic (alibe zizindikiro) kapena amakhala ndi zizindikilo monga kutentha thupi, kutopa, komanso kupezeka kwa ma lymph node. Izi zili choncho, mwachitsanzo, ndi rubella, CMV kapena EBV.

Zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana zimatengera chiwalo chomwe chili ndi kachilomboka. Matenda ambiri amtunduwu amayambitsanso zizindikiro za khungu (ma macules, papules, vesicles, zotupa pakhungu (kufiira): ndi momwe zilili ndi HSV, VZV, rubella mwachitsanzo.

Chimfine, mwachitsanzo, chimawoneka ndi malungo, kuzizira, kuyetsemula, kutsokomola, mphuno, kutopa kwambiri, kupweteka kwa thupi, kupweteka mutu. Nasopharyngitis (kuzizira) amadziwika ndi malungo, mphuno yothinana, kutulutsa kwammphuno, chifuwa.

Matenda a virus sangachiritsidwe ndi maantibayotiki. Matenda a bakiteriya okha ndi omwe amayambitsa maantibayotiki. Ma virus amathandizidwa ndi zizindikilo (malungo, kupweteka, chifuwa) ndi ma antipyretics kapena mankhwala opha ululu, kapena mankhwala azizindikiro: anti-emetics ngati akusanza, mafuta otonthoza kapena ofewetsa ndipo, nthawi zina, antihistamine ya pakamwa yoyabwa yoyambitsidwa ndi zotupa zina pakhungu.

Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana amatha kuperekedwa ngati ali ndi chimfine, kuchiza HIV, matenda a chiwindi a B kapena C, kapena matenda ena a herpesvirus.