Maantibayotiki ambiri omwe akupezeka pamsika lero amachokera ku 80s, zomwe zimatchedwa zaka zabwino kwambiri za mankhwala opha maantibayotiki. Panopa tikukumana ndi kusagwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa kufunikira kwa mankhwala atsopano ndi kupezeka kwawo. Pakadali pano, malinga ndi WHO, nthawi ya post-antibiotics yangoyamba kumene. Tikulankhula ndi Prof. dr hab. med. Waleria Hryniewicz.

  1. Chaka chilichonse, matenda omwe ali ndi mabakiteriya osamva maantibayotiki amayambitsa pafupifupi. 700 zikwi. imfa zapadziko lonse lapansi
  2. "Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika komanso mopitirira muyeso kwa maantibayotiki kunapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa matenda osamva kuchulukira pang'onopang'ono, kutengera mawonekedwe a chigumukire kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazi" - akutero Prof. Waleria Hryniewicz.
  3. Asayansi aku Sweden a mabakiteriya ofunikira kwambiri pamatenda a anthu, monga Pseudomonas aeruginosa ndi Salmonella enterica, posachedwapa apeza zomwe zimatchedwa gar gene, zomwe zimatsimikizira kukana imodzi mwamankhwala atsopano kwambiri - plasomycin.
  4. Malinga ndi Prof. Hryniewicz ku Poland ndiye vuto lalikulu kwambiri pazachipatala NewDelhi-type carbapenemase (NDM) komanso KPC ndi OXA-48

Monika Zieleniewska, Medonet: Zikuwoneka ngati tikuthamanga motsutsana ndi mabakiteriya. Kumbali imodzi, tikubweretsa m'badwo watsopano wa maantibayotiki okhala ndi zochita zambiri, ndipo kumbali ina, tizilombo tochulukirachulukira tikulimbana nawo ...

Prof. Waleria Hryniewicz: Tsoka ilo, mpikisano uwu umapambanidwa ndi mabakiteriya, zomwe zitha kutanthauza chiyambi cha nthawi ya mankhwala opha maantibayotiki. Mawuwa adagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba mu "Report on Antibiotic Resistance" lofalitsidwa ndi WHO mu 2014. Chikalatacho chikutsindika kuti tsopano, ngakhale matenda ocheperako amatha kupha ndipo si zongopeka apocalyptic, koma chithunzi chenicheni.

Mu European Union yokha, panali ntchito za 2015 mu 33. imfa chifukwa cha matenda omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ambiri omwe palibe mankhwala othandiza omwe analipo. Ku Poland, chiŵerengero cha anthu oterowo chayerekezeredwa kukhala pafupifupi 2200. Komabe, American Center for Infection Prevention and Control (CDC) ku Atlanta posachedwapa inanena kuti. ku USA chifukwa cha matenda ofanana mphindi 15 zilizonse. wodwala amamwalira. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za olemba lipoti lokonzedwa ndi gulu la katswiri wazachuma waku Britain J. O'Neill, chaka chilichonse padziko lapansi maantibayotiki osamva matenda amayambitsa pafupifupi. 700 zikwi. imfa.

  1. Werenganinso: Mankhwalawa amasiya kugwira ntchito. Sipadzakhala mankhwala a superbugs posachedwa?

Kodi asayansi amafotokoza bwanji vuto la mankhwala opha tizilombo?

Kulemera kwa gulu ili la mankhwala kunachepetsa tcheru chathu. Nthawi zambiri, mitundu yolimbana ndi matenda idasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa maantibayotiki atsopano, koma chodabwitsa ichi poyamba chinali chochepa. Koma zimatanthauza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tinkadziwa kudziteteza. Chifukwa cha kugwiritsira ntchito mosayenera komanso mopitirira muyeso kwa maantibayotiki, kuchuluka kwa mitundu yolimbana ndi matenda kunakula pang'onopang'ono, kutengera chikhalidwe chofanana ndi chiphalaphala kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazi.. Panthawiyi, maantibayotiki atsopano anayamba kuyambitsidwa mokhazikika, kotero panali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kufunika, mwachitsanzo, kufunika kwa mankhwala atsopano, ndi kupezeka kwake. Ngati simuchitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo, kufa padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha kukana maantibayotiki kumatha kukwera mpaka 2050 miliyoni pachaka pofika 10.

N’chifukwa chiyani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mopitirira muyeso kuli kovulaza?

Tiyenera kuthana ndi nkhaniyi m’mbali zitatu. Yoyamba ikukhudzana mwachindunji ndi zochita za maantibayotiki pa anthu. Kumbukirani kuti mankhwala aliwonse angayambitse mavuto. Zitha kukhala zochepa, mwachitsanzo, nseru, kumva kuipiraipira, koma zimathanso kuwononga moyo, monga kugwedezeka kwa anaphylactic, kuwonongeka kwachiwindi kapena matenda amtima.

Komanso, maantibayotiki amasokoneza chilengedwe chathu bakiteriya zomera, amene, ndi kuteteza kwachilengedwenso bwino, kupewa mochulukirachulukira zoipa tizilombo (mwachitsanzo Clostridioides difficile, bowa), kuphatikizapo kugonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala.

Chotsatira chachitatu choyipa chotenga maantibayotiki ndikuyambitsa kukana pakati pa zomera zomwe timazitcha kuti zabwinobwino, zomwe zimatha kupatsira mabakiteriya omwe amatha kuyambitsa matenda oopsa. Tikudziwa kuti pneumococcal kukana penicillin - chinthu chofunikira choyambitsa matenda a anthu - chinachokera ku oral streptococcus, yomwe ndi yofala kwa tonsefe popanda kutivulaza. Kumbali inayi, kutenga matenda a pneumococcal osamva kumabweretsa vuto lalikulu lachirengedwe komanso miliri. Pali zitsanzo zambiri za kusamutsidwa kwa interspecific za majini otsutsa, ndipo maantibayotiki ambiri omwe timagwiritsa ntchito, njirayi imakhala yogwira mtima kwambiri.

  1. Werenganinso: Maantibayotiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri angayambitse matenda a mtima

Kodi mabakiteriya amayamba bwanji kukana maantibayotiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndipo izi zingatiwopsyeze bwanji?

Njira zothanirana ndi maantibayotiki m'chilengedwe zakhalapo kwa zaka mazana ambiri, ngakhale asanatulukire mankhwala. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timapanga maantibayotiki timayenera kudziteteza ku zotsatira zake ndipo, kuti tisafe ndi mankhwala awoawo, timadziteteza. majini okana. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zilipo kale kuti athe kulimbana ndi maantibayotiki: kupanga zida zatsopano zomwe zimathandizira kupulumuka, komanso kuyambitsa njira zina zama biochemical ngati mankhwalawa atsekedwa mwachilengedwe.

Amayambitsa njira zosiyanasiyana zodzitetezera, monga kutulutsa maantibayotiki, kuwaletsa kulowa m'selo, kapena kuyimitsa ndi ma enzyme osiyanasiyana osintha kapena otulutsa hydrolyzing. Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa beta-lactamases hydrolyzing magulu ofunika kwambiri a maantibayotiki, monga penicillin, cephalosporins kapena carbapenems.

Zatsimikiziridwa kuti kuchuluka kwa katulutsidwe ndi kufalikira kwa mabakiteriya osamva kudalira pamlingo ndi mtundu wa maantibayotiki omwe amamwa. M'mayiko omwe ali ndi malamulo oletsa maantibayotiki, kukana kumachepetsedwa. Gulu ili likuphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, mayiko a Scandinavia.

Kodi mawu oti "superbugs" amatanthauza chiyani?

Mabakiteriya samva mankhwala opha maantibayotiki ambiri, mwachitsanzo, satengeka ndi mankhwala a mzere woyamba kapena wachiwiri, mwachitsanzo, omwe ali othandiza kwambiri komanso otetezeka, omwe nthawi zambiri amamva kusamva mankhwala onse omwe alipo. Mawuwa ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza za methicillin ndi vancomycin zosamva mitundu ya staphylococcus aureus. Pakalipano, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yomwe imasonyeza kukana kwa maantibayotiki ambiri.

Ndipo alamu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda?

Ma alarm pathogens ndi ma superbugs, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kukuchulukirachulukira. Kuwazindikira mwa wodwala kuyenera kuyambitsa alamu ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zoletsa zomwe zingawaletse kufalikira. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa vuto limodzi lalikulu lachipatala masiku anoIzi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chithandizo chamankhwala komanso kuchuluka kwa mliri.

Kuwunika kodalirika kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, magulu owongolera matenda omwe amagwira ntchito moyenera komanso chithandizo cha miliri zimathandizira kwambiri kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa mitundu iyi. Zaka zitatu zapitazo, bungwe la WHO, potengera kuunika kwa kulimbana ndi maantibayotiki m’maiko omwe ali m’bungweli, linagawa mitundu itatu ya mabakiteriya osamva mankhwala m’magulu atatu malinga ndi kufulumira koyambitsa mankhwala atsopano ogwira mtima.

Gulu lofunika kwambiri limaphatikizapo matumbo a m'mimba, monga Klebsiella pneumoniae ndi Escherichia coli, ndi Acinetobacter baumannii ndi Pseudomonas aeruginosa, omwe amatsutsana kwambiri ndi mankhwala omaliza. Palinso mycobacterium TB yosamva rifampicin. Magulu awiri otsatirawa adaphatikizapo, mwa ena olimbana ndi staphylococci, Helicobacter pylori, gonococci, komanso Salmonella spp. ndi pneumococci.

Information kuti mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa matenda kunja kwa chipatala ali pamndandandawu. Kuchuluka kwa maantibayotiki kukana pakati pa tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa kungatanthauze kuti odwala matendawa atumizidwe kuchipatala. Komabe, ngakhale m'mabungwe azachipatala, kusankha kwamankhwala othandiza kumakhala kochepa. Anthu a ku America anaphatikizapo gonococci m'gulu loyamba osati chifukwa cha kukana kwawo kosiyanasiyana, komanso chifukwa cha njira yawo yabwino kwambiri yofalitsira. Ndiye tikhala tikuchiza chinzonono m'chipatala posachedwa?

  1. Werenganinso: Matenda oopsa opatsirana pogonana

Asayansi aku Sweden apeza mabakiteriya ku India omwe ali ndi jini yolimbana ndi maantibayotiki, otchedwa gen gar. Kodi ndi chiyani ndipo tingachigwiritse ntchito bwanji chidziwitsochi?

Kuzindikira kwa jini yatsopano ya gar kumayenderana ndi chitukuko cha zomwe zimatchedwa chilengedwe metagenomics, mwachitsanzo, kuphunzira kwa DNA yonse yomwe imapezeka kumadera achilengedwe, yomwe imatithandizanso kuzindikira tizilombo tomwe sitingathe kukula mu labotale. Kupezeka kwa gar gene ndikosokoneza kwambiri chifukwa kumatsimikizira kukana kwa amodzi mwa maantibayotiki atsopano - plazomycin - adalembetsa chaka chatha.

Chiyembekezo chachikulu chinayikidwa pa icho chifukwa chinali chogwira ntchito kwambiri motsutsana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tosamva mankhwala akale a gululi (gentamicin ndi amikacin). Nkhani ina yoipa ndi yakuti jiniyi ili pamtundu wamtundu wotchedwa integron ndipo imatha kufalikira mopingasa, choncho mogwira mtima kwambiri, pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabakiteriya ngakhale pamaso pa plasomycin.

The gar gene yasiyanitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya ofunikira kwambiri pamatenda a anthu, monga Pseudomonas aeruginosa ndi Salmonella enterica. Kafukufuku ku India wokhudza zinthu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera pansi pa mtsinje pomwe zimbudzi zidatayidwa. Iwo adawonetsa kufalikira kwa majini olimbana ndi chilengedwe kudzera muzochita za anthu mosasamala. Choncho, mayiko angapo akuganiza kale zopha madzi oipa asanatulutsidwe m’chilengedwe. Ofufuza a ku Sweden akugogomezeranso kufunikira kozindikira majini olimbana ndi chilengedwe akamayambika kubweretsa mankhwala aliwonse atsopano, komanso asanatengedwe ndi tizilombo.

  1. Werengani zambiri: Asayansi ochokera ku yunivesite ya Gothenburg adawona kuti jini yomwe idadziwika kale yokana maantibayotiki yafalikira

Zikuwoneka kuti - monga momwe zimakhalira ndi ma virus - tiyenera kusamala kuti tisawononge zotchinga zachilengedwe ndi zokopa alendo zapakati pa mayiko.

Osati zokopa alendo, komanso masoka achilengedwe osiyanasiyana monga zivomezi, tsunami ndi nkhondo. Zikafika pakuphwanya chotchinga cha chilengedwe ndi mabakiteriya, chitsanzo chabwino ndikuwonjezeka kofulumira kwa kukhalapo kwa Acinetobacter baumannii m'dera lathu lanyengo.

Zimakhudzana ndi Nkhondo Yoyamba ya Gulf, komwe idabweretsedwa ku Europe ndi US mwina ndi asitikali obwerera. Anapeza mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri kumeneko, makamaka pankhani ya kutentha kwa dziko. Ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, choncho timakhala ndi njira zambiri zomwe zimawathandiza kuti apulumuke ndikuchulukana. Izi ndizo, mwachitsanzo, kukana maantibayotiki, mchere, kuphatikizapo zitsulo zolemera, komanso kukhala ndi moyo muzinthu za chinyezi chambiri. Acinetobacter baumannii ndi imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri za matenda a nosocomial padziko lapansi masiku ano.

Komabe, ndikufuna kusamala kwambiri za mliriwu, kapena mliri, womwe nthawi zambiri umatithawa. Ndiko kufalikira kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabakiteriya komanso kufalikira kopingasa kwa zodzitetezera (majini). Kukaniza kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chromosomal DNA, komanso amapezeka chifukwa cha kusamutsidwa kopingasa kwa majini otsutsa, mwachitsanzo pa transposons ndi conjugation plasmids, ndi kupeza kukana chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini. Ndiwothandiza makamaka m'malo omwe maantibayotiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndikuzunzidwa.

Ponena za chopereka cha zokopa alendo ndi maulendo ataliatali kufalikira kukana, chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a m'mimba otulutsa carbapenemases omwe amatha hydrolyzing maantibayotiki onse a beta-lactam, kuphatikizapo carbapenems, gulu la mankhwala lofunika kwambiri pochiza matenda aakulu. matenda.

Ku Poland, chofala kwambiri ndi carbapenemase ya mtundu wa NewDelhi (NDM), komanso KPC ndi OXA-48. Iwo mwina anabweretsedwa kwa ife kuchokera India, USA ndi North Africa, motero. Mitundu iyi imakhalanso ndi majini otsutsana ndi maantibayotiki ena angapo, omwe amachepetsa kwambiri njira zochiritsira, kuwayika ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ili ndiye vuto lalikulu kwambiri pazachipatala ku Poland, ndipo kuchuluka kwa matenda ndi onyamula omwe atsimikiziridwa ndi National Reference Center for Antimicrobial Susceptibility kwadutsa kale 10.

  1. Werengani zambiri: Ku Poland, pali anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a New Delhi. Maantibayotiki ambiri samagwira ntchito kwa iye

Malinga ndi mabuku azachipatala, oposa theka la odwala samapulumutsidwa m'matenda a magazi omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matumbo a bacilli omwe amapanga carbapenemases. Ngakhale maantibayotiki atsopano omwe amagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi mitundu yotulutsa carbapenemase adayambitsidwa, tilibebe maantibayotiki omwe amagwira ntchito pochiza NDM.

Maphunziro angapo asindikizidwa osonyeza zimenezo matumbo athu thirakiti mosavuta m'matumbo ndi tizilombo m'deralo pa maulendo intercontinental. Ngati mabakiteriya osamva mphamvu ali ofala kumeneko, timawatumiza kumene tikukhala ndipo amakhala nafe kwa milungu ingapo. Kuonjezera apo, tikamamwa maantibayotiki omwe samva nawo, pamakhala chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha kufalikira kwawo.

Mitundu yambiri yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa matenda a anthu amachokera ku zachilengedwe komanso zoonotic tizilombo. Chifukwa chake, mliri wa plasmid wonyamula jini yolimbana ndi colistin (mcr-1) wafotokozedwa posachedwa, womwe wafalikira mu mitundu ya Enterobacterales m'makontinenti asanu mkati mwa chaka chimodzi. Poyamba anali olekanitsidwa ndi nkhumba ku China, ndiye mu nkhuku ndi zakudya.

Posachedwapa, pakhala nkhani zambiri zokhudza halicin, mankhwala opha tizilombo amene anapangidwa ndi luntha lochita kupanga. Kodi makompyuta akulowa m'malo mwa anthu popanga mankhwala atsopano?

Kufunafuna mankhwala okhala ndi zinthu zomwe zikuyembekezeka pogwiritsa ntchito luntha lochita kupanga sizikuwoneka zosangalatsa zokha, komanso zofunika kwambiri. Mwina izi zingakupatseni mwayi wopeza mankhwala oyenera? Maantibayotiki omwe palibe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingakane? Mothandizidwa ndi zitsanzo zamakompyuta zomwe zidapangidwa, ndizotheka kuyesa mamiliyoni amitundu yamankhwala munthawi yochepa ndikusankha omwe amalonjeza kwambiri pokhudzana ndi antibacterial.

Chomwecho "chodziwika" mankhwala atsopanowa ndi halicin, omwe adatchedwa kuti HAL 9000 kompyuta kuchokera mu kanema "2001: A Space Odyssey". Kafukufuku wa ntchito yake ya in vitro motsutsana ndi mitundu yambiri yolimbana ndi Acinetobacter baumannii ali ndi chiyembekezo, koma sagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi Pseudomonas aeruginosa - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ena ofunikira kuchipatala. Timaona zambiri maganizo a kuthekera mankhwala akamagwira pamwamba njira, amene amalola kufupikitsa gawo loyamba la chitukuko chawo. Tsoka ilo, pali maphunziro a nyama ndi anthu omwe akuyenera kuchitidwa kuti adziwe chitetezo ndi mphamvu ya mankhwala atsopano pazochitika zenizeni za matenda.

  1. Werenganinso: Ndikosavuta kugwira matendawa… m'chipatala. Kodi mungatengere chiyani?

Chotero kodi tidzagaŵira ntchito yopanga maantibayotiki atsopano m’makompyuta okonzedwa bwino m’tsogolomu?

Izi zikuchitika kale pang'ono. Tili ndi malaibulale akulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana okhala ndi zodziwika bwino komanso njira zogwirira ntchito. Tikudziwa zomwe ndende, kutengera mlingo, iwo kufika mu zimakhala. Timadziwa mawonekedwe awo amankhwala, akuthupi komanso achilengedwe, kuphatikiza kawopsedwe. Pankhani ya mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tiyenera kuyesetsa kumvetsa bwino zamoyo makhalidwe a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono amene tikufuna kupanga mankhwala ogwira. Tiyenera kudziwa njira yomwe imayambitsa zilonda ndi ma virulence.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati poizoni ndi amene amachititsa zizindikiro zanu, mankhwalawa ayenera kulepheretsa kupanga kwake. Pankhani ya mabakiteriya ambiri osamva maantibayotiki, ndikofunikira kuphunzira za njira zopewera, ndipo ngati zimachokera ku kupanga enzyme yomwe imatulutsa hydrolyzes maantibayotiki, timayang'ana zoletsa zake. Pamene kusintha kwa receptor kumapanga njira yotsutsa, tifunika kupeza yomwe ingakhale ndi chiyanjano.

Mwinanso tiyenera kupanga matekinoloje opangira maantibayotiki "opangidwa mwaluso", ogwirizana ndi zosowa za anthu kapena mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya?

Zingakhale zabwino, koma ... pakadali pano, mu gawo loyamba la kuchiza matenda, nthawi zambiri sitidziwa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa (zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa), kotero timayamba mankhwala ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi zochitika zambiri. Mtundu umodzi wa bakiteriya nthawi zambiri umayambitsa matenda ambiri omwe amapezeka m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Tiyeni titenge mwachitsanzo golide staphylococcus, yomwe imayambitsa, mwa zina, matenda a pakhungu, chibayo, sepsis. Koma pyogenic streptococcus ndi Escherichia coli amakhalanso ndi matenda omwewo.

Pokhapokha mutalandira zotsatira za chikhalidwe kuchokera ku labotale ya microbiological, yomwe idzakuuzani osati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso momwe mankhwala ake amawonekera, amakulolani kusankha maantibayotiki "ogwirizana" ndi zosowa zanu. Komanso zindikirani kuti matenda oyambitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwewo kwina kulikonse m'thupi lathu angafunike mankhwala enachifukwa mphamvu ya mankhwalawa imadalira ndende yake pamalo opatsirana komanso, zowona, kukhudzika kwa etiological factor. Timafunikira mwachangu maantibayotiki atsopano, onse otalikirapo, pomwe etiological factor sichidziwika (empirical therapy) komanso yopapatiza, tikakhala kale ndi zotsatira za mayeso a microbiological (mankhwala omwe akutsata).

Nanga bwanji kafukufuku wokhudza ma probiotics omwe angateteze mokwanira ma microbiome athu?

Mpaka pano, sitinathe kupanga ma probiotics okhala ndi zomwe tikufuna, timadziwabe zochepa kwambiri za microbiome yathu ndi chithunzi chake mu thanzi ndi matenda. Ndizosiyana kwambiri, zovuta, ndipo njira zobereketsa zakale sizimalola kuti timvetsetse bwino. Ndikuyembekeza kuti kafukufuku wochulukirachulukira wa metagenomic wa m'mimba apereka chidziwitso chofunikira chomwe chidzalola kuti pakhale njira zothana ndi vuto la microbiome.

Mwinanso muyenera kuganizira za njira zina zothandizira matenda a bakiteriya omwe amachotsa maantibayotiki?

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti tanthauzo lamakono la mankhwala opha maantibayotiki limasiyana ndi loyambirira, mwachitsanzo, kungopangidwa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuti zikhale zosavuta, Pakadali pano timawona maantibayotiki kukhala mankhwala onse oletsa mabakiteriya, kuphatikiza opangira, monga linezolid kapena fluoroquinolones.. Tikuyang'ana katundu wa antibacterial wa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda ena. Komabe, funso limadzuka: kodi muyenera kusiya makonzedwe awo muzowonetsa zoyambirira? Ngati sichoncho, titha kuyambitsa kutsutsa mwachangu.

Pakhala pali zokambirana zambiri ndi mayesero ofufuza okhudzana ndi njira yosiyana yolimbana ndi matenda kuposa kale. Inde, njira yothandiza kwambiri ndiyo kupanga katemera. Komabe, ndi mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, izi sizingatheke chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chidziwitso chathu cha njira zowonongeka, komanso pazifukwa zamakono komanso zotsika mtengo. Timayesetsa kuchepetsa awo pathogenicity, mwachitsanzo ndi kuchepetsa kupanga poizoni ndi michere zofunika pathogenesis wa matenda kapena kuwamana kuthekera kwa minofu colonization, amene nthawi zambiri siteji yoyamba ya matenda. Timafuna kuti azikhala nafe mwamtendere.

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Prof. Dr hab. med. Waleria Hryniewicz ndi katswiri pa nkhani ya zachipatala. Adatsogolera dipatimenti ya Epidemiology ndi Clinical Microbiology ya National Medicines Institute. Ndiwapampando wa National Antibiotic Protection Program, ndipo mpaka 2018 anali mlangizi wadziko lonse pazachipatala.

Akonzi amalimbikitsa:

  1. Anthu apeza mliri wa coronavirus okha - kuyankhulana ndi prof. Waleria Hryniewicz
  2. Khansa m'banja lililonse. Mafunso ndi Prof. Szczylik
  3. Munthu kwa dokotala. Kuyankhulana ndi Dr. Ewa Kempisty-Jeznach, MD

Siyani Mumakonda