Kuphatikiza pa ma antigen a fuluwenza A (H2009N1) a 1, katemera amaphatikizanso chothandizira komanso choteteza.

Chothandiziracho chimatchedwa AS03 ndipo chinapangidwa ndi kampani ya GSK, monga gawo la kupanga katemera wa chimfine H5N1. Izi "mafuta m'madzi" adjuvant wapangidwa ndi:

• tocopherol (vitamini E), vitamini yofunikira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino;
• squalene, lipid yopangidwa mwachilengedwe m'thupi. Ndiwofunikira pakati pakupanga cholesterol ndi vitamini D.
• polysorbate 80, mankhwala omwe amapezeka mu katemera ndi mankhwala ambiri kuti apitirize kukhala ndi homogeneity.

The adjuvant imapangitsa kuti akwaniritse ndalama zochulukirapo mu kuchuluka kwa ma antigen omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amathandizira katemera wa anthu ambiri mwachangu momwe angathere. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa adjuvant kungaperekenso chitetezo chotsutsana ndi kusintha kwa ma virus antigen.

Ma Adjuvants si atsopano. Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka makumi angapo kuti zilimbikitse chitetezo chamthupi ku katemera, koma kugwiritsa ntchito adjuvants okhala ndi katemera wa chimfine sikunavomerezedwe kale ku Canada. Chifukwa chake ichi ndi choyamba pankhaniyi.

Katemerayu alinso ndi mankhwala oteteza ku mercury omwe amatchedwa thimerosal (kapena thiomersal), omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kuipitsidwa kwa katemera ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchokera kukukula kwa bakiteriya. Katemera wamba wanthawi zonse wa chimfine komanso katemera wambiri wa hepatitis B ali ndi izi.

Palibe deta yodalirika pa chitetezo cha katemera wa adjuvanted kwa amayi apakati ndi ana aang'ono (miyezi 6 mpaka zaka ziwiri). Komabe, bungwe la World Health Organisation (WHO) likuwona kuti kuwongolera katemerayu ndikwabwino kusiyana ndi kusakhalapo kwa katemera, popeza magulu awiriwa amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zovuta zikachitika.

Akuluakulu a ku Quebec asankha kupereka katemera kwa amayi apakati popanda adjuvant, ngati njira yodzitetezera. Kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka katemera wosadziŵika kamene kakupezeka pakali pano sikupangitsa kuti athe kupereka chisankhochi kwa amayi onse amtsogolo. Choncho n’kosafunika kupempha, ngakhale kwa ana aang’ono. Malinga ndi akatswiri a ku Canada, omwe amatchula mayesero oyambirira achipatala, palibe chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti katemera wa adjuvant adzayambitsa zotsatira zina - kupatula chiopsezo chachikulu cha kutentha kwa thupi - mwa ana a miyezi 6 mpaka zaka zitatu.

Katemera wopanda adjuvant, omwe nthawi zambiri amalangizidwa kwa amayi apakati, amakhala ndi thimerosal kuwirikiza ka 10 kuposa katemera wa adjuvanted, koma malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa kwambiri wa sayansi, palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti amayi omwe adalandira katemerayu akhala ndi katemera wa adjuvant. kupita padera kapena kubereka mwana wolumala. The Dr de Wals, wa INSPQ, akunena kuti "katemera wopanda adjuvant akadali ndi 50 µg ya thimerosal, yomwe imapereka mercury yocheperako kuposa yomwe imatha kudyedwa pakudya nsomba".

Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi katemera wa chimfine nthawi zambiri zimakhala zachilendo ndipo zimangokhala zowawa pang'ono pomwe singano idalowa pakhungu la mkono, kutentha pang'ono, kapena kupweteka pang'ono tsiku lonse. patatha masiku awiri katemera. Kugwiritsa ntchito acetaminophen (paracetamol) kumathandizira kuchepetsa zizindikiro izi.

Nthawi zina, munthu amatha kukhala ndi maso ofiira kapena oyabwa, kutsokomola, ndi kutupa pang'ono kumaso patatha maola ochepa atalandira katemera. Nthawi zambiri zotsatirazi zimatha pambuyo pa maola 48.

Pa katemera wa mliri wa A (H1N1) 2009, mayesero azachipatala omwe akuchitika ku Canada amakhala osamalizidwa pofika nthawi yomwe ntchito yopereka katemera ikuyamba, koma akuluakulu azaumoyo amakhulupirira kuti chiwopsezo cha zovuta zake ndizochepa. Malinga ndi bungwe la World Health Organization, ndi zochitika zochepa chabe za mavuto ang'onoang'ono omwe awonedwa mpaka pano m'mayiko omwe katemera waperekedwa kale pamlingo waukulu. Ku China, mwachitsanzo, anthu 4 mwa 39 omwe adalandira katemera akadakumana ndi izi.

Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la dzira (anaphylactic shock) ayenera kuwonana ndi dokotala kapena dokotala wawo asanalandire katemera.

Penicillin ziwengo si contraindications. Komabe, anthu amene anaphylactic reaction kwa neomycin kapena polymyxin B sulfate (mankhwala opha maantibayotiki) m'mbuyomu sayenera kulandira unadjuvanted katemera (Panvax), popeza angakhale ndi zizindikiro zake.

Thimerosal (katemera woteteza) ndiwochokeradi ku mercury. Mosiyana ndi methylmercury - yomwe imapezeka m'chilengedwe ndipo imatha kuwononga kwambiri ubongo ndi mitsempha, ngati italowetsedwa mochuluka - thimerosal imapangidwa ndi mankhwala otchedwa ethylmercury, omwe amachotsedwa mwamsanga ndi thupi. . Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kuli kotetezeka ndipo sikumawononga thanzi. Zonena kuti mercury mu katemera akhoza kugwirizanitsidwa ndi autism amatsutsana ndi zotsatira za maphunziro angapo.

Katemera wa mliri adakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwezo monga katemera wa chimfine amavomerezedwa ndikuperekedwa m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kusiyana kokha ndi kukhalapo kwa adjuvant, komwe kunali koyenera kutulutsa kuchuluka kwa mlingo woterewu pamtengo wovomerezeka. Wothandizira uyu si watsopano. Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri kulimbikitsa chitetezo chamthupi ku katemera, koma kuwonjezera pa katemera wa chimfine sikunavomerezedwe kale ku Canada. Zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira October 21. Health Canada ikutsimikizira kuti sichinafupikitse njira yovomerezeka.

Ngati mudadwalapo kachilombo ka A (H2009N1) mu 1, muli ndi chitetezo chofanana ndi chomwe katemera ayenera kupereka. Njira yokhayo yotsimikizira kuti ndi mtundu uwu wa virus wa chimfine womwe mwatenga ndikudziwitsani zachipatala kuti zitero. Komabe, popeza chitsimikiziro chakuti chimfinechi chinali mliri, WHO idalimbikitsa kuti asazindikire mwadongosolo mtundu wa 2009 wa A (H1N1). Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu ambiri amene ali ndi chimfine sadziwa ngati ali ndi kachilombo ka A (H1N1) kapena kachilombo ka fuluwenza. Akuluakulu azachipatala akukhulupirira kuti palibe chowopsa polandira katemera, ngakhale atatenga kale kachilombo ka mliri.

Popeza preponderance wa fuluwenza A (H1N1) m'miyezi yaposachedwa, Katemera fuluwenza nyengo, anakonza kugwa 2009, anaimitsidwa kwa January 2010, onse m'maboma ndi boma. Kuyimitsa uku kumafuna kuika patsogolo katemera wa chimfine A (H1N1), ndipo amalola akuluakulu a zaumoyo kuti asinthe njira zawo zolimbana ndi fuluwenza ya nyengo kuti azitsatira.

Ku Canada, anthu 4 mpaka 000 amamwalira ndi chimfine chaka chilichonse. Ku Quebec, pafupifupi 8 amafa pachaka. Akuti pafupifupi 000% ya anthu omwe amadwala chimfine cha nyengo amafa nacho.

Pakadali pano, akatswiri amayerekeza kuti kachilombo ka A (H1N1) kamafanana ndi chimfine cha nyengo, kutanthauza kuti anthu omwe amafa chifukwa cha matendawa ndi pafupifupi 0,1%.

Katemera wa chimfine cha nkhumba omwe anagwiritsidwa ntchito ku United States mu 1976 anali otsika (pafupifupi mlandu umodzi pa katemera 1), koma chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda a Guillain-Barré (GBS - matenda a ubongo, mwinamwake a 'autoimmune chiyambi) mkati mwa masabata 100 utsogoleri. Katemerayu analibe chothandizira. Zomwe zimayambitsa mgwirizanowu sizikudziwikabe. Kafukufuku wa katemera wina wa chimfine woperekedwa kuyambira 000 sanasonyeze kuyanjana ndi GBS kapena, nthawi zina, chiopsezo chochepa kwambiri cha milandu ya 8 pa katemera wa 1976 miliyoni. Akuluakulu azachipatala ku Quebec amakhulupirira kuti chiopsezo sichili chachikulu kwa ana omwe sanalandirepo katemera.

Dr de Wals ananena kuti matendawa ndi osowa kwambiri kwa ana. “Zimakhudza kwambiri anthu achikulire. Monga momwe ndikudziwira, palibe chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti ana omwe sanalandirepo katemera ali pachiopsezo chachikulu kuposa ena. “

Pierre Lefrançois - PasseportSanté.net

Zowonjezera: Unduna wa Zaumoyo ndi Zaumoyo ku Quebec ndi National Institute of Public Health of Quebec (INSPQ).