Kodi silinda ndi chiyani: tanthauzo, zinthu, mitundu, zosankha zagawo

M'bukuli, tiwona tanthauzo, zinthu zazikulu, mitundu ndi zosankha zomwe zingatheke pagawo limodzi mwa mawonekedwe odziwika kwambiri amitundu itatu - yamphamvu. Zomwe zaperekedwa zimatsagana ndi zojambula zowoneka bwino kuti mumvetsetse bwino.

Tanthauzo la Cylinder

Kenako, tifotokoza zambiri silinda yozungulira yowongoka monga mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa chithunzi. Mitundu ina idzandandalikidwa m’gawo lomalizira la bukhuli.

Silinda yozungulira yowongoka - Ichi ndi chithunzi cha geometric mumlengalenga, chomwe chimapezedwa pozungulira kakona kuzungulira mbali yake kapena axis of symmetry. Chifukwa chake, silinda yotere nthawi zina imatchedwa silinda yozungulira.

Silinda mu chithunzi pamwambapa imapezeka chifukwa cha kuzungulira kwa makona atatu oyenera ABCD kuzungulira olamulira O₁O₂ 180 ° kapena rectangles ABO₂O₁/O₁O₂CD kuzungulira mbali O₁O₂ ku 360 °.

Mfundo zazikulu za silinda

• Zoyambira za Cylinder - mabwalo awiri ofanana kukula / malo okhala ndi malo pamalo O₁ и O₂.
• R ndi utali wozungulira wa maziko a silinda, zigawo AD и BC - m'mimba mwake (d).
• O₁O₂ - nsonga ya symmetry ya silinda, nthawi yomweyo ndi yake kutalika (h).
• l (AB, CD) - majenereta a silinda komanso nthawi yomweyo mbali za rectangle ABCD. Zofanana ndi kutalika kwa chithunzicho.

Cylinder reamer - lateral (cylindrical) pamwamba pa chithunzicho, choyikidwa mu ndege; ndi rectangle.

• kutalika kwa rectangle iyi ndi kofanana ndi kuzungulira kwa maziko a silinda (2 pa R);
• m'lifupi ndi wofanana kutalika / jenereta ya silinda.

Zindikirani: mafomu opezera ndi silinda amaperekedwa m'mabuku osiyanasiyana.

Mitundu ya zigawo za silinda

1. Chigawo cha axial cha silinda - rectangle yopangidwa chifukwa cha mphambano ya chithunzi chomwe chili ndi ndege yomwe imadutsa mumtunda wake. Kwa ife, izi ndi ABCD (onani chithunzi choyamba cha bukuli). Dera la gawo loterolo ndi lofanana ndi kutalika kwa silinda ndi mainchesi ake.
2. Ngati ndege yodulayo sidutsa pamtunda wa silinda, koma ndi perpendicular ku maziko ake, ndiye kuti gawolo ndi rectangle.
3. Ngati ndege yodula ikufanana ndi maziko a chiwerengerocho, ndiye kuti gawolo ndilozungulira mofanana ndi mazikowo.
4. Ngati silinda imadutsana ndi ndege yomwe siili yofanana ndi maziko ake ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, sichikhudza aliyense wa iwo, ndiye kuti gawolo ndi ellipse.
5. Ngati ndege yodula idutsa m'modzi mwa maziko a silinda, gawolo lidzakhala parabola / hyperbola.

Mitundu ya masilinda

1. silinda yowongoka - ili ndi maziko ofanana (ozungulira kapena ellipse), ofanana wina ndi mzake. Gawo lapakati pa mfundo zofananira za maziko ndi perpendicular kwa iwo, ndi axis wa symmetry ndi kutalika kwa chiwerengerocho.
2. yokhotakhota yamphamvu - ali ndi maziko ofanana ndi ofanana. Koma gawo pakati pa mfundo za symmetry si perpendicular maziko awa.
3. Oblique (beveled) silinda - maziko a chiwerengerocho sali ofanana.
4. cylinder yozungulira - maziko ake ndi bwalo. Palinso masilinda a elliptical, parabolic ndi hyperbolic.
5. equilateral yamphamvu Silinda yozungulira yakumanja yomwe mainchesi ake ndi ofanana ndi kutalika kwake.