Kodi matrix ndi chiyani

M'bukuli, tiwona tanthauzo ndi mfundo zazikulu za matrix okhala ndi zitsanzo, kuchuluka kwake, komanso kupereka mbiri yachidule yokhudzana ndi chitukuko cha chiphunzitso cha matrix.

Tanthauzo la Matrix

masanjidwewo ndi mtundu wa tebulo lamakona anayi omwe amakhala ndi mizere ndi mizati yokhala ndi zinthu zina.

Kukula kwa matrix imayika chiwerengero cha mizere ndi zipilala, zomwe zimasonyezedwa ndi zilembo m и n, motero. Gome lokhalo limapangidwa ndi mabulaketi ozungulira (nthawi zina masikweya) kapena mizere iwiri yofanana yoyimirira.

Matrix amatanthauzidwa ndi chilembo chachikulu A, ndipo pamodzi ndi chizindikiro cha kukula kwake - A_mn. Chitsanzo chikuwonetsedwa pansipa:

Kugwiritsa ntchito masamu mu masamu

Matrices amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulemba ndi kuthetsa kapena machitidwe a ma equation osiyana.

Zinthu za matrix

Kuwonetsa zinthu za matrix, notation yokhazikika imagwiritsidwa ntchito a_ij, kumene:

• i - chiwerengero cha mzere wokhala ndi chinthu choperekedwa;
• j - motero, nambala yazambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, pa matrix pamwambapa:

• a₂₄ = 1 (mzere wachiwiri, ndime yachinayi);
• a₃₂ = 16 (mzere wachitatu, ndime yachiwiri).

Mizere

Ngati zinthu zonse za mzere wa matrix ndizofanana ndi ziro, ndiye kuti mzere wotere umatchedwa null (zowonetsedwa ndi zobiriwira).

Apo ayi, mzere uli osachita (zowunikira zofiira).

Zojambula

The diagonal kuchokera kumtunda kumanzere ngodya ya masanjidwewo kumunsi kumanja amatchedwa chachikulu.

Ngati diagonal imakokedwa kuchokera pansi kumanzere kupita kumanja kumtunda, imatchedwa dala.

Zambiri zakale

"Magic Square" - pansi pa dzina ili, matrices adatchulidwa koyamba ku China wakale, ndipo kenako pakati pa akatswiri a masamu achiarabu.

Mu 1751 katswiri wa masamu wa ku Switzerland Gabriel Cramer anasindikiza "Ulamuliro wa Kramer"amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa machitidwe a linear algebraic equations (SLAE). Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, "njira ya Gauss" idawonekera pothana ndi SLAE pochotsa zosintha motsatizana (wolemba ndi Carl Friedrich Gauss).

Chothandizira chachikulu pa chitukuko cha chiphunzitso cha matrix chinapangidwanso ndi akatswiri a masamu monga William Hamilton, Arthur Cayley, Karl Weierstrass, Ferdinand Frobenius ndi Marie Enmond Camille Jordan. Mawu omwewo "matrix" mu 1850 adayambitsidwa ndi James Sylvester.