Ziwonetsero zatsopano zikuyembekezeka mdziko lonse sabata ikubwerayi. Koma nchiyani chomwe chimapangitsa anthu kusonkhanitsa izi kapena lingaliro ilo? Ndipo kodi chikoka chakunja chitha kupanga umwiniwu?
Kuphulika kwa zionetsero zomwe zinadutsa ku Belarus; maphwando ndi maguba ku Khabarovsk amene anasokoneza dera lonse; anthu akung'ung'udza motsutsana ndi tsoka lachilengedwe ku Kamchatka… Zikuoneka kuti mtunda wa anthu sunachuluke, koma m'malo mwake, ukucheperachepera.
Pickets ndi misonkhano, zochitika zazikulu zachifundo pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, "ntchito yotsutsa-handicapping" Izoizolyatsiya, yomwe ili ndi mamembala a 580 pa Facebook (bungwe lonyanyira loletsedwa ku Russia). Zikuoneka kuti patapita nthawi phee, tinafunikanso kukhala limodzi. Kodi ndi matekinoloje atsopano okha, omwe achulukitsa kwambiri liwiro la kuyankhulana, chifukwa cha izi? Kodi "Ine" ndi "ife" adakhala chiyani mu 20s? Katswiri wa zamaganizo a Takhir Bazarov akuwonetsa izi.
Psychology: Zikuoneka kuti pali chodabwitsa chatsopano chakuti chinthu chingathe kuchitika paliponse padziko lapansi nthawi iliyonse. Timagwirizana, ngakhale kuti zinthu zikuwoneka kuti zikuthandizira kusagwirizana ...
Takhir Bazarov: Wolemba ndiponso wojambula zithunzi Yuri Rost nthawi ina anayankha mtolankhani wina pomufunsa kuti: “Zonse zimadalira mbali imene makiyiwo amalowetsa pakhomo. Ngati kunja, uku ndi kusungulumwa, ndipo ngati mkati, kukhala nokha. Mutha kukhala limodzi, mukukhala panokha. Ili ndi dzina - "Kudzipatula ngati Mgwirizano" - lomwe ophunzira anga adabwera nalo kumsonkhanowu panthawi yodzipatula. Aliyense anali kunyumba, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo tinali ndi maganizo oti tinali pamodzi, tinali ogwirizana. Ndizosangalatsa!
Ndipo m'lingaliro ili, yankho la funso lanu kwa ine likumveka motere: timagwirizanitsa, kupeza munthu payekha. Ndipo lero tikuyenda mwamphamvu kuti tipeze zomwe tikufuna, aliyense akufuna kuyankha funso: Ndine ndani? Chifukwa chiyani ndili pano? Kodi matanthauzo anga ndi otani? Ngakhale ndili wamng'ono ngati ophunzira anga azaka 20. Nthawi yomweyo, tikukhala m'mikhalidwe yodziwika bwino, tikakhala ndi maudindo ambiri, zikhalidwe, ndi zolumikizira zosiyanasiyana.
Zikutheka kuti "Ine" yakhala yosiyana, ndipo "ife", kuposa zaka zingapo komanso zaka zambiri zapitazo?
Ndithudi! Ngati tilingalira za chisinthiko cha ku Russia, ndiye kuti kumapeto kwa XNUMX - koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX panali chiwonongeko champhamvu, chomwe chinayambitsa kusintha. M'madera onse a Ufumu wa Russia, kupatulapo madera omwe "anamasulidwa" - Finland, Poland, mayiko a Baltic - kumverera kwa "ife" kunali kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu onse. Izi ndi zomwe katswiri wa zamaganizo Harry Triandis wa ku yunivesite ya Illinois watanthauzira ngati mgwirizano wopingasa: pamene "ife" timagwirizanitsa aliyense wondizungulira komanso pafupi ndi ine: banja, mudzi.
Koma palinso vertical collectivism, pamene "ife" ndi Peter Wamkulu, Suvorov, pamene amaganiziridwa muzochitika za nthawi ya mbiri yakale, amatanthauza kukhudzidwa kwa anthu, mbiri yakale. Horizontal collectivism ndi chida chothandizira anthu, chimayika malamulo a chikoka chamagulu, kugwirizana, momwe aliyense wa ife amakhala. "Usapite ku nyumba ya amonke ya wina ndi tchata chako" - izi ndi za iye.
N’chifukwa chiyani chida chimenechi chinasiya kugwira ntchito?
Chifukwa kunali kofunikira kupanga kupanga mafakitale, antchito adafunikira, koma mudziwo sunalole kupita. Ndiyeno Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin anabwera ndi kusintha kwake - nkhonya yoyamba ya "ife" yopingasa. Stolypin inachititsa kuti alimi ochokera kumadera apakati achoke ndi mabanja awo, midzi ya ku Siberia, Urals, Far East, kumene zokolola zinali zochepa kuposa ku Ulaya ku Russia. Ndipo alimi anayamba kukhala m'minda ndi udindo kugawira malo awo, kusamukira ofukula "ife". Ena anapita ku fakitale Putilov.
Zinali kusintha kwa Stolypin komwe kunayambitsa kusintha. Ndiyeno minda ya boma pomalizira pake inamaliza yopingasa. Tangoganizirani zomwe zinkachitika m'maganizo mwa anthu a ku Russia panthawiyo. Kumeneko ankakhala m’mudzi umene aliyense anali mmodzi kwa onse, ana anali mabwenzi, ndipo apa banja la mabwenzi linalandidwa malo, ana a mnansiwo anaponyedwa kunja kuzizira, ndipo kunali kosatheka kuwatengera kunyumba. Ndipo kunali kugawanika kwapadziko lonse kwa "ife" kukhala "Ine".
Ndiko kuti, kugawidwa kwa "ife" kukhala "Ine" sikunachitike mwangozi, koma mwadala?
Inde, zinali ndale, zinali zofunika kuti boma likwaniritse zolinga zake. Chotsatira chake, aliyense amayenera kuswa chinachake mwa iye yekha kuti "ife" yopingasa iwonongeke. Sipanakhalepo mpaka Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse pamene yopingasa inabwerera. Koma adaganiza zoyikira kumbuyo ndikuyimirira: ndiye, kuchokera kwinakwake osaiwalika, ngwazi zakale zidatulutsidwa - Alexander Nevsky, Nakhimov, Suvorov, omwe adayiwalika m'zaka zam'mbuyomu za Soviet. Mafilimu okhudza anthu otchuka adajambulidwa. Nthawi yotsimikizika inali kubwereranso kwa zomangira mapewa kwa gulu lankhondo. Izi zidachitika mu 1943: omwe adadula zingwe pamapewa zaka 20 zapitazo adazisokanso.
Tsopano izo zimatchedwa rebranding wa «Ine»: choyamba, ine ndikumvetsa kuti ine ndiri mbali ya nkhani yaikulu monga Dmitry Donskoy ndipo ngakhale Kolchak, ndipo pamenepa ndikusintha chizindikiritso changa. Kachiwiri, popanda zomangira mapewa, tinabwerera, titafika ku Volga. Ndipo kuyambira mu 1943, tinasiya kuthawa. Ndipo panali mamiliyoni ambiri a "Ine" wotere, akudzipangira okha mbiri yatsopano ya dziko, omwe ankaganiza kuti: "Mawa ndikhoza kufa, koma ndikubaya zala zanga ndi singano, chifukwa chiyani?" Zinali luso lamphamvu lazamaganizo.
Ndipo chikuchitika nchiyani ndi kudzimvera chisoni tsopano?
Tsopano tikuyang'anizana, ndikuganiza, kudziganiziranso mozama. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakumana panthawi imodzi. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikufulumira kwa kusintha kwamtundu. Ngati kale m'badwo unasinthidwa m'zaka 10, tsopano ndi kusiyana kwa zaka ziwiri zokha sitikumvetsetsana. Kodi tinganene chiyani za kusiyana kwakukulu kwa zaka!
Ophunzira amakono amazindikira zambiri pa liwiro la mawu 450 pamphindi, ndipo ine, pulofesa amene amawaphunzitsa, ndi mawu 200 pamphindi. Kodi amayika kuti mawu 250? Amayamba kuwerenga china chake mofananira, kusanthula ma foni a m'manja. Ndidayamba kuganizira izi, ndikuwapatsa ntchito pafoni, zolemba za Google, zokambirana ku Zoom. Mukasintha kuchoka kuzinthu kupita kuzinthu, samasokonezedwa.
Tikukhala mochulukira mu zenizeni. Kodi ndi yopingasa «ife»?
Zilipo, koma zimakhala zofulumira komanso zaufupi. Anangomva kuti "ife" - ndipo adathawa kale. Kwina kulikonse adalumikizana ndikubalalikanso. Ndipo pali ambiri oterowo "ife", komwe ndilipo. Zili ngati ganglia, mtundu wa malo, mfundo zomwe ena amalumikizana kwakanthawi. Koma chomwe chiri chosangalatsa: ngati wina wochokera ku malo anga kapena ochezeka avulala, ndiye ndimayamba kuwira. "Kodi adachotsa bwanji bwanamkubwa wa Khabarovsk Territory? Nanga bwanji sanatifunse?" Tili kale ndi malingaliro achilungamo.
Izi sizikugwiranso ntchito ku Russia, Belarus kapena United States, kumene posachedwapa pakhala zionetsero zotsutsana ndi tsankho. Izi ndizochitika padziko lonse lapansi. Mayiko ndi oimira akuluakulu aboma ayenera kugwira ntchito mosamala kwambiri ndi "ife" watsopano. Nanga n’chiyani chinachitika? Ngati nkhani za Stolypin "Ine" zisanachitike "ife", tsopano "ife" imasungunuka kukhala "I". Aliyense «Ine» amakhala chonyamulira cha «ife». Chifukwa chake "Ndine Furgal", "Ndine chisindikizo cha ubweya". Ndipo kwa ife ndi mawu achinsinsi.
Nthawi zambiri amalankhula za ulamuliro wakunja: otsutsawo sangathe kugwirizanitsa mwamsanga.
Izi sizingatheke kuganiza. Ndine wotsimikiza kuti anthu a ku Belarus ali odzipereka. Marseillaise sangathe kulembedwa ndi ndalama, akhoza kubadwa mu mphindi ya kudzoza usiku woledzera. Apa m'pamene iye anakhala nyimbo ya kusintha France. Ndipo panali kukhudza kumwamba. Palibe nkhani zotere: adakhala pansi, adakonzekera, adalemba lingaliro, adapeza zotsatira. Si luso, ndi luntha. Mofanana ndi Khabarovsk.
Palibe chifukwa choyang'ana njira zothetsera mavuto akunja panthawi ya zochitika zamagulu. Ndiye - inde, zimakhala zosangalatsa kwa ena kulowa nawo izi. Koma pachiyambi pomwe, kubadwa kumangochitika zokha. Ndikadayang'ana chifukwa chake pakusiyana pakati pa zenizeni ndi zoyembekeza. Ziribe kanthu momwe nkhaniyi imathera ku Belarus kapena Khabarovsk, awonetsa kale kuti maukonde "ife" sitidzalekerera kukayikira koonekeratu komanso kupanda chilungamo koopsa. Masiku ano timakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zooneka ngati zosakhalitsa, monga chilungamo. Kukonda chuma kumapita pambali - maukonde "ife" ndi ongoganizira.
Nanga bwanji kusamalira anthu?
Dziko likupita patsogolo pakupanga mapulani ogwirizana. Kugwirizana ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri, chasintha masamu ndipo chirichonse sichimveka: kodi voti ya munthu mmodzi ingakhale yaikulu bwanji kuposa mavoti a ena onse? Izi zikutanthauza kuti gulu lokha la anthu omwe angatchedwe anzawo ndi omwe angapange chisankho chotero. Kodi ndi ndani amene tingawayerekezere? Amene amagawana nafe mfundo zofanana. Mu yopingasa «ife» ife kusonkhanitsa okha amene ali ofanana ndi ife ndi amene amasonyeza wathu wamba kudziwika. Ndipo m'lingaliro limeneli, ngakhale yochepa «ife» mu cholinga chawo, mphamvu kukhala amphamvu mapangidwe.