Ndi mitundu yanji ya maluwa yomwe ilipo, gawani m'magulu ndi magulu

Maluwa onse ndi okongola mwa njira yawo, koma imodzi imaonekera pakati pawo, yomwe imatchedwa "mfumukazi ya m'munda" kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Winawake sangamukonde, koma samasiya aliyense wopanda chidwi. Rozi ndi lonunkhira bwino lomwe limaphimba maluwa ena onse pamaluwa ndi kukongola kwake. M'nkhaniyi tifotokoza mbiri ya zochitika, mitundu ya maluwa ndi mitundu yoyambira.

Si maluwa onse omwe sakonda chisamaliro, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti duwa lokongolali limakula ngati udzu. Mtundu uliwonse umafuna zake, chisamaliro chamunthu payekha. Udzu wokhawo umamera muzochitika zilizonse. Koma duwa nalonso poyamba linkamera kutchire. Koma zinthu zoyamba choyamba.

Origin

Chodabwitsa ndichakuti maluwawo ndi maluwa omwe sali amtundu uliwonse kapena mtundu uliwonse. Ili ndi dzina lophatikiza mitundu yonse ndi maluwa amtundu wa rosehip. Ndi ku duwa lakutchire kumene maluwa ena onse adachokera. Mitundu ina idawuka mothandizidwa ndi kusankha kwachilengedwe, ndi omwe amamera m'mapaki ndi mabedi amaluwa - mwa njira yosankha. N’kutheka kuti palibe chomera chilichonse chimene chinachititsa chidwi kwambiri moti asayansi anayesa kuswa mitundu yambirimbiri.

Woyamba kutchula kukongola kosawoneka kwa chomera ichi anali wafilosofi komanso wasayansi wa ku Greece wakale - Theophrastus. Iye anafotokoza za zomera zakutchire ndi zamaluwa, anafotokoza njira yosamalira maluwa ndi kulima. Nthano ndi nthano zambiri padziko lonse lapansi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi duwa. Ngakhale Baibulo limatchula dzina loti "Yeriko duwa", ngakhale silikugwirizana ndi duwa lomwe tikudziwa.

Mbiri yakale ya chiyambi cha duwa lodabwitsa ili ndi zaka 5000. Dziko lenileni la zomera silikudziwikabe. Zambiri zimati ndi China, zina zimatchula Persia. Kumene duwa limachokera - asayansi sanagwirizane.

Mwachibadwa, duwa lokongola chotero silikanatha kuzindikirika. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa ndi fungo lonunkhira bwino limakopa odziwa kukongola. Kuyambira nthawi zakale, akazi amafashoni ku Egypt wakale adasamba ndi maluwa amaluwa. Ndipo Aroma akale anayamba kulima. Agiriki anayamba kukula duwa kuchokera ku Bronze Age.

Ngati mumadzifunsa funso loti "duwa ndi chiyani" malinga ndi etymology, ndiye kuti dzinalo limatitengera ku Chilatini. Chilankhulo chamakono cha Chirasha chili ndi mawu ambiri obwereka. Koma duwa mu Chilatini (rosa) nayenso si liwu lodziimira, koma limachokera ku chinenero chachi Greek, kuchokera ku mawu akuti "rhodon" - "rose tree".

Ngati mukufuna yankho ku funso: ndi duwa shrub kapena therere, ndiye muyenera kutembenukira ku malongosoledwe a botanical, kapena kuyang'ana pa Wikipedia. Maluwa ena amaonekadi ngati chitsamba, ena amaoneka ngati maluwa owongoka. Maluwa ndi amtundu wa rosehip. M'mawonekedwe, duwa lakutchire ndi shrub yodula. Choncho maluwa ndi zitsamba.

mitundu

Mitundu yamaluwa imaphatikizapo maluwa pafupifupi 30 osiyanasiyana aminga komanso opanda minga. Koma za zamoyo, muyenera kuloza angapo deta. Mmodzi mwa mayankho amaperekedwa ndi World Federation (kuchokera 1976). Malinga ndi iye, mitundu ya maluwa imagawidwa m'magulu atatu:

1. Wild, zomwe nazonso zimagawanika kukhala zokwera ndi zokwawa. Amadziwika ndi maluwa amodzi, osati chisamaliro chapadera, kutalika kwa 30 cm mpaka 2 metres. Zonsezi ndi zomera zamtundu wa rosehip.
2. Maluwa akale, omwe amagawidwa kukhala paki ndi dimba. Iwo adalimidwa mpaka 1867. Iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi chitetezo chokwanira, fungo lowala komanso maluwa obwerezabwereza.
3. Modern - Izi ndi mitundu yobzalidwa mongopeka pambuyo pa 1867. Amagawidwa m'magulu angapo: kukwera, muyezo (shrub), tiyi wosakanizidwa, musk, etc. Mitundu ya maluwa ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono ndi kusiyana kwawo kudzafotokozedwa pansipa.

Magulu a maluwa pa nthawi ino amachokera pa mfundo yogawanitsa m'magulu. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zimaganiziridwa, osati chiyambi ndi mitundu. Palibe yankho lenileni la funsoli: ndi mitundu ingati ya maluwa yomwe ilipo? World Federation imalankhula za zitatu. Ngati tilankhula zamagulu ang'onoang'ono, ndiye kuti zina zimawerenga 9, 12, kapena magulu onse 15. Ndi zonsezi, pali njira zina zolekanitsira:

• Malinga ndi mlingo wa roughness.
• Mu mawonekedwe a duwa ndi chitsamba.
• Mwa mtundu wa kukula.
• Mwa maluwa.
• Mwa kupangana.

Kufotokozera mwachidule za chomeracho: duwa ndi la banja la rosehip, mtundu wa rosehip. Ndi zitsamba zosatha, mtundu wa shrub, wokhala ndi minga kapena wopanda minga. Roses ndi zachilendo onse mu mawonekedwe awo ndi mtundu, ndi fungo. Ndi mitundu ingati ya maluwa yomwe ilipo: pafupifupi 30 zikwi. Koma chiwerengerocho chikusintha mofulumira.

Kodi roses ndi chiyani m'magulu:

1. Kukwera: amabzalidwa ku Japan, amakhala ndi zimayambira zazitali komanso zosinthika. Kuti chomera chikule bwino, chithandizo chimafunika. Makhalidwe: maluwa ang'onoang'ono, maluwa amodzi komanso osanunkhira.
2. Paki: adachokera ku rosehip yoweta. Iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa ndi maluwa aatali komanso obiriwira.
3. Vinyo: maluwa ndi fungo labwino kwambiri komanso maluwa osalekeza. Dzina lina la gululo ndilokhazikika. Amasiyana amphamvu mizu, zosavuta mapangidwe. Zitsamba, nazonso, zimagawidwa kukhala 3 magulu: kukwera pang'ono - kutalika kwa tchire mpaka 3 m, kukwera - mpaka 6 metres lopotana - Kutalika konse kwa chitsamba kumatha kufika 15 m, tchire limalimbana ndi chisanu. Maluwa - yayitali komanso yochuluka, kuyambira chilimwe mpaka chisanu choyamba. Chitsanzo cha scrub rose zosiyanasiyana: Parkland. Imakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu a mawonekedwe okongola, mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kukana kutentha.
4. Multiflora. Pali dzina lina - Khonde. Makamaka ntchito m'madera munda. Amasiyana kukula otsika ndi yaitali maluwa.
5. Grandiflora. Zogwirizana ndi park maluwa. Mtengo wamtali wa rosewood woyambira wosakanizidwa. Zizindikiro: kukana chisanu ndi bowa, fungo lamphamvu.
6. Tiyi wosakanizidwa. garden rose. Maluwa mu gulu ili nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa ku masitolo a maluwa. Amasiyana otsika tchire, amphamvu mapesi ndi kukana frosts.
7. Floribunda. Adawonekera koyambirira kwa 20s. Kutalika kwa chitsamba kumasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku 0,5 m mpaka 1,5 m. Imamasula nthawi yonse yachilimwe ndi yophukira.
8. Okwera. Garden maluwa. Wodziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa chifukwa cha kukana chisanu komanso maluwa obwerezabwereza. Ichi ndi chomera chokhala ndi chitsamba champhamvu komanso mphukira zosinthika za mita 5.
9. Chivundikiro chapansi. Iwo ndi a mitundu yokwawa. Kutalika ndi kochepa, koma kutalika kwa mphukira kumatha kufika mamita atatu. Mphukira zimapanga mtundu wa kapeti wa maluwa. Amasiyana ndi mawonekedwe achilendo a duwa ndi kukana chisanu.
10.  Мkakang'ono (woumba). Roses oyenera mabedi amaluwa ang'onoang'ono kapena kubzala kunyumba. Zitsamba zazing'ono zokhala ndi masamba obiriwira. Amapezeka ndi kapena opanda spikes. Iwo pachimake onse chilimwe ndi autumn.
11. English Zomera zonunkhira kwambiri zochokera ku hybrid. Iwo amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: chitsamba ndi kukwera. Mizu yamphamvu.
12. Canada. Roses omwe amatchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Awa ndi maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku kuwala mpaka kufiira kodera. Maluwa: kumayambiriro kwa kasupe komanso kumapeto kwa autumn. Sichikusowa pogona owonjezera m'nyengo yozizira.
13. Musk. Pa nthawi ya maluwa, fungo lonunkhira la musky limachokera ku maluwa. Kupezedwa m'njira yosakanizidwa. Umodzi wa mitunduyo uli mu mawonekedwe a pamakhala. Kutalika kwa chitsamba kumafika 2 metres. Maluwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu floristry ndi zokongoletsera.
14. Polyanthus. Oyenera amene sakonda spikes. Mu maluwa amtunduwu, pafupifupi palibe. Zitsamba ndizochepa, ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono. Zobzalidwa munthaka yamtundu uliwonse. Koma pali chinthu chimodzi chosasangalatsa: kukana kufooka kwa matenda.
15. Kukonzanso. Amadziwika ndi maluwa obwerezabwereza. Anawonekera mu 40s ya zaka zapitazi ku France. Amakhala ndi kukongola kwakunja, koma amakhala osasamala ndipo nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda.

Magwero ena amaperekanso magulu:

1. Bicolor.
2. Onunkhira.
3. Zosowa.

Maonekedwe ndi kapangidwe

Rozi ndi chomera chosangalatsa pachokha. Ambiri a iwo ali ndi minga. Kukhalapo kwa minga ndi maunanso akale, pamene duwa linamera kuthengo ndipo linali lisanawetedwe. Anthu ambiri sakudziwa, koma duwa lili ndi zipatso kuwonjezera pa maluwa. Zoonadi, maluwa akutchire amagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, koma maluwa oweta sali patali. Mwachitsanzo, zipatso za sinamoni rose zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa compote, kupanikizana kapena kupanikizana.

Maonekedwe

Mukangoona chomera, chinthu choyamba chimene chimakukopani ndi maluwa ndi minga. Ndipo duwa limawoneka bwanji ngati tilingalira mwatsatanetsatane: mwina shrub kapena liana yokwawa yokhala ndi maluwa. Mtundu waukulu wa moyo wa duwa ndi shrub.

kapangidwe

Chomera cholimidwa chili ndi mawonekedwe ake a botanical:

• Chitsamba Choyaka: yopapatiza kapena yofalikira.
• kutalika: zimadalira mtundu. Tiyi wosakanizidwa - mpaka 90 cm; polyanthus - mpaka 45 cm; mphika - mpaka 35 cm, etc.
• Nthambi: osatha, mitundu iwiri: yoyambira ndi kukula kwathunthu.
• Kuwombera: pachaka.
• Masamba: chotalikirapo kapena chosongoka.
• Tsinde: kutalika kwa 10 mpaka 80 cm, m'malo okwera mpaka 5 metres.
• Maluwa: kuchokera 1,8 mpaka 18 cm mulifupi.
• Masamba: kuyambira 5 mpaka 125. Kodi duwa lili ndi masamba angati zimadalira kukula kwapawiri.
• Mtundu wa mizu: ndodo. Kutalika ndi pafupifupi 3 cm.

Pamene iwo pachimake

Palibe yankho limodzi ku funso loti maluwa amaphuka liti. Zimatengera zosiyanasiyana. Maluwa ena amaphuka m’nyengo yachilimwe ndi m’chilimwe, ena kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa masika mpaka m’dzinja, ndipo ena kuyambira m’chilimwe mpaka chisanu choyamba.

Utali wamoyo

Rozi ndi chomera chosatha ndipo, ndi chisamaliro choyenera, chidzasangalala ndi maluwa obiriwira kwa zaka zambiri. Kutalika kwa moyo kumadalira zosiyanasiyana, kukana chisanu ndi zina. Ziuno zakutchire zimakhala ndi moyo wautali.

Kuchuluka kwa duwa kumatengera malo omwe amakulira komanso momwe zimakhalira. Ngati pambuyo kupatsidwa zina, ndiye chaka. Zimatenga pafupifupi zaka zitatu kuti mupeze chitsamba chobiriwira.

Mitundu yopindika imakhala zaka 100, yomwe imapezedwa mwa kulumikiza - mpaka 10, ikukula ndi mizu yawo - pafupifupi 15. Wapakati moyo wa duwa ndi zaka 20-25.

Ndi mitundu yanji

Ngati simukudziwa kuti maluwa amtundu wanji, muyenera kutembenukira ku Wikipedia. Pali mitundu yosakanikirana yamitundu. Pali zophatikizika ndi mitundu ina. Nthawi zambiri palibe kuposa 2, koma pali maluwa amitundu yambiri, okhala ndi mitundu ingapo. Sipekitiramu yamtundu:

• White.
• Wachikasu.
• Ofiira.
• Pinki.
• Orange.
• Pumbwa.
• Brown.
• Zosiyanasiyana.

Amanena kuti pali duwa lakuda kapena lakuda labuluu - izi ndi zabodza. Kuti mupeze mtundu uwu, utoto umawonjezeredwa. Mu chilengedwe, maluwa akuda ndi abuluu kulibe.

Chisamaliro

Momwe mungasamalire maluwa kuti azisangalala ndi kukongola kwawo kwa nthawi yayitali? M'pofunika kutsatira malamulo osavuta: madzi nthawi zonse, kupereka kuwala ndi zovala zabwino. Roses obzalidwa ndi isanayambike zabwino kutentha.

Kuti chomeracho chizike mizu, chiyenera kuthiriridwa tsiku lililonse. Ndikoyenera kuchita izi m'mawa kapena madzulo, pamene palibe dzuwa. Apo ayi, zoyaka zidzawoneka pamasamba. Duwa likamera, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kawiri pa sabata.

Zowonjezera feteleza - nthawi. View - organic ndi mchere.

Kudulira: ngati duwa labzalidwa m'chaka, kudulira kumachitidwa musanadzalemo. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, masamba amachotsedwa. Masamba sayenera kukhudzidwa. M'chilimwe, kuwonjezera kuthirira, muyenera kumasula, udzu ndi mulch mmera. Musaiwale za kukondoweza kwa maluwa.

M'dzinja, duwa liyenera kukonzekera nyengo yozizira:

• kuchepetsa kuthirira;
• chotsani kumasula;
• kudula mphukira zosapsa;
• konzani malo okhala ndi chitetezo ku makoswe.

Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya dimba laumwini

Pafupifupi aliyense wokhala m'chilimwe, kuphatikiza masamba ndi mitengo, amakhala ndi maluwa pachiwembucho. Ndipo sayenera kukhala pamalo otsiriza. Komanso, ambiri a iwo amagwirizana bwino ndi maluwa ena, monga asters ndi peonies. Maluwa m'dzikoli amatanthauza kuti mwiniwake amakonda munda wake ndipo amadziwa kusamalira zomera.

Kulima maluwa sikophweka. Oyamba sangakhoze nthawi yomweyo kukula capricious chomera. Mwamwayi, pali mitundu yambiri yomwe ndi yodzichepetsa ndipo ingasangalatse wamaluwa aliyense. Kodi maluwa abwino kwambiri m'munda wapayekha ndi ati:

• Gloria ena. Mtundu - wosakanizidwa wa tiyi. Amasiyana wandiweyani komanso maluwa obiriwira. Maluwa ndi okongola, achikasu. Maluwa - mobwerezabwereza, mu nyengo imodzi (chilimwe). Kutetezedwa ndi pafupifupi. Zimafunika nyengo yozizira.
  

  

• Super Star. Onani - tiyi-hybrid garden rose. Maluwa obiriwira okhala ndi fungo lokoma lowala. Kutalika kwamaluwa - kuyambira chilimwe mpaka chisanu. Wosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, wokhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Maluwa ndi ofiira a coral.
  

  

• mphepo yamkuntho. Onani - park rose. Limamasula kwa nthawi yayitali, kuyambira koyambirira kwa Juni mpaka chisanu. Mtundu - wofiira. Kununkhira kwake ndi kokometsera, mtundu wokhalitsa.
  

  

Roses kwa oyamba kumene

Aliyense novice wamaluwa mwina amafuna kukula duwa lake, amene akhoza kunyadira. Koma poyambira komanso momwe mungasankhire? Posankha, muyenera kudalira njira zitatu: kukana chisanu, nyengo yamaluwa ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Apo ayi, kulakwitsa kulikonse kudzayambitsa imfa ya zomera. Choncho, m'pofunika kuyamba ndi wodzichepetsa. Maluwa abwino kwambiri kwa oyamba kumene:

• Rhapsody mu Blue. Mtundu - floribunda. Mawonekedwe: kuchuluka chisanu kukana, amphamvu chitetezo chokwanira. Maluwa - nyengo imodzi (chilimwe). maluwa - utoto wofiirira.
• Zakumwamba Night. Mitundu - floribunda. Zima zolimba komanso zamphamvu. Maluwa owala ofiirira okhala ndi fungo la zipatso.
• Golden Owonetsa. Onani - kukwera. Zodziwika kwambiri ndi alimi onse. Frost ndi matenda kugonjetsedwa. Maluwa - m'chilimwe, mosalekeza.
• Vanessa Bell. Chingelezi chotalika mita chinanyamuka ndi maluwa achikasu a mandimu. Amasiyana mosalekeza maluwa.
• Heidelberg. Duwa lofiira la kapu. Itha kubzalidwa ngati scrub kapena kukwera. Iye saopa matenda ndi chisanu.

Kutsiliza

Rozi ndi mfumukazi ya padziko lonse ya maluwa, yochititsa chidwi m'maonekedwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndipo fungolo lidzagonjetsa wodziwa aliyense wa kukongola.