Zamkatimu
Patchuthi, patchuthi ... Monga mawu awa akunena, amatilola kupita - kapena timadzilola kupita. Ndipo pano tili pagombe lodzaza ndi anthu, kapena ndi mapu panjira, kapena pamzere wosungiramo zinthu zakale. Nanga n’cifukwa ciani tili pano, tikuyang’ana ciani komanso tikuthawa chiyani? Tiyeni afilosofi atithandize kuzindikira.
Kuthawa ndekha
Seneca (zaka za m'ma XNUMX BC - zaka za m'ma XNUMX pambuyo pa Khristu)
Choipa chimene chimatizunza chimatchedwa kunyong’onyeka. Osati kusweka kwa mzimu, koma kusakhutira kosalekeza komwe kumativutitsa, chifukwa chake timataya kukoma kwa moyo ndi kuthekera kosangalala. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi kusakhazikika kwathu: sitikudziwa zomwe tikufuna. Pachimake pa zilakolako sitingathe kuzipeza, ndipo ifenso sitingathe kuzitsatira kapena kuzikana. ("Pa bata la mzimu"). Kenako timayesa kuthawa tokha, koma pachabe: "Ndichifukwa chake timapita kumphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo tidzayang'ana zochitika pamtunda kapena panyanja ...". Koma maulendowa ndi odzinyenga okha: chisangalalo sichichoka, koma kuvomereza zomwe zimachitika kwa ife, popanda kuthawa komanso opanda ziyembekezo zabodza. ("Moral Letters to Lucilius")
L. Seneca «Moral Letters to Lucilius» (Sayansi, 1977); N. Tkachenko "Nkhani ya bata la mzimu." Nkhani za Dipatimenti ya Zinenero Zakale. Nkhani. 1 (Aletheia, 2000).
Kusintha mawonekedwe
Michel de Montaigne (zaka za m'ma XVI)
Ngati mukuyenda, ndiye kuti mudziwe zosadziwika, kuti muzisangalala ndi miyambo ndi zokonda zosiyanasiyana. Montaigne akuvomereza kuti akuchita manyazi ndi anthu omwe amadzimva kuti alibe malo, akungotuluka kunja kwa pakhomo la nyumba yawo. («Nkhani») Apaulendo oterowo amakonda kwambiri kubwerera, kukhalanso kunyumba - ndicho chisangalalo chawo chochepa. Montaigne, mu maulendo ake, akufuna kupita momwe angathere, akufunafuna chinthu chosiyana kwambiri, chifukwa mungathe kudziwa nokha mwa kukhudzana kwambiri ndi chidziwitso cha wina. Munthu woyenera ndi amene wakumana ndi anthu ambiri, munthu wakhalidwe labwino ndi munthu wosinthasintha.
M. Montaigne “Zoyeserera. Zolemba Zosankhidwa (Eksmo, 2008).
Kuti musangalale ndi kukhalapo kwanu
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (zaka za XVIII)
Rousseau amalalikira ulesi m'mawonekedwe ake onse, kuyitanitsa mpumulo ngakhale kuchokera ku zenizeni zenizeni. Munthu sayenera kuchita kalikonse, osaganizira kalikonse, osang'ambika pakati pa kukumbukira zakale ndi mantha amtsogolo. Nthawi yokha imakhala yaulere, ikuwoneka kuti imayika moyo wathu m'mabokosi, momwe timangokhalira kusangalala ndi moyo, osafuna kanthu komanso osaopa kanthu. Ndipo "malinga ngati dziko lino likhalapo, amene amakhala mmenemo angathe kudzitcha wosangalala." ("Walks of Lonely Dreamer"). Kukhalapo koyera, chisangalalo cha khanda m'mimba, ulesi, malinga ndi Rousseau, sichinthu koma kusangalala ndi kukhalapo kwathunthu ndi iwe mwini.
J.-J. Rousseau «Chivomerezo. Kuyenda kwa wolota yekhayekha ”(AST, 2011).
Kutumiza mapositikhadi
Jacques Derrida (zaka za XX-XXI)
Palibe tchuthi chomwe chimatha popanda mapositikhadi. Ndipo zimenezi si zazing’ono: kapepala kakang’ono kakutikakamiza kulemba mwachisawawa, molunjika, monga ngati kuti chinenerocho chinapangidwanso m’chikoma chirichonse. Derrida akutsutsa kuti kalata yotereyi simanama, imakhala ndi zofunikira zokhazokha: "kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi, milungu ndi anthu." («Postcard. Kuchokera ku Socrates kupita ku Freud ndi kupitirira»). Chilichonse apa ndi chofunikira: uthenga womwewo, chithunzi, adilesi, ndi siginecha. Positi khadi ili ndi filosofi yake, yomwe imafuna kuti mugwirizane ndi chirichonse, kuphatikizapo funso lofulumira "Kodi mumandikonda?", Pakatoni kakang'ono.
J. Derrida "Za positi khadi kuchokera ku Socrates kupita ku Freud ndi kupitirira" (Wolemba wamakono, 1999).