Zamkatimu
Zochita zongofuna. Chilakolako, kufuna, kufuna ndi zikhalidwe zachidziwitso zodziwika bwino kwa aliyense, koma zomwe sizingagwirizane ndi tanthauzo lililonse. Tikufuna kukhala ndi zochitika, kukhala nazo, kuchita mitundu yonse ya zinthu zomwe pakadali pano sitikudziwa, tilibe, sitizichita. Ngati ndi chikhumbo cha chinachake timazindikira kuti chinthu chomwe timakonda sichikhoza kutheka, ndiye kuti timangolakalaka; ngati tili otsimikiza kuti cholinga cha zilakolako zathu ndichotheka, ndiye kuti tikufuna kuti chikwaniritsidwe, ndipo chimachitika nthawi yomweyo kapena titachita zoyambira.
Zolinga zokhazokha za zilakolako zathu, zomwe timazindikira nthawi yomweyo, nthawi yomweyo, ndi kayendetsedwe ka thupi lathu. Zirizonse zomwe timafuna kukhala nazo, zinthu zilizonse zomwe timalimbikira, tingathe kuzikwaniritsa mwa kupanga zoyambira zingapo kukwaniritsa cholinga chathu. Mfundo imeneyi ndi yoonekeratu kwambiri ndipo motero sichifunikira zitsanzo: choncho tikhoza kutenga ngati poyambira phunziro lathu la chifuniro lingaliro lakuti mawonetseredwe akunja akunja okha ndi kayendedwe ka thupi. Tsopano tiyenera kuganizira njira yomwe mayendedwe a volitional amachitira.
Zochita zaufulu ndi ntchito zosasinthika zathupi lathu. Mayendedwe omwe takambirana mpaka pano anali amtundu wa zochitika zodziwikiratu kapena za reflex, komanso, zochita zomwe tanthauzo lake silinadziwike ndi munthu amene amazichita (osachepera munthu amene amazichita kwa nthawi yoyamba m'moyo wake). Mayendedwe omwe tsopano tikuyamba kuphunzira, pokhala mwadala ndi mwadala kukhala chinthu chokhumba, ndithudi, amapangidwa ndi chidziwitso chokwanira cha zomwe ziyenera kukhala. Kuchokera apa zikutsatira kuti mayendedwe ovota amaimira chochokera, osati ntchito yaikulu ya chamoyo. Ili ndiye lingaliro loyamba lomwe liyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mumvetsetse psychology ya chifuniro. Onse reflex, ndi kayendedwe ka chibadwa, ndi maganizo ndi ntchito yaikulu. Mitsempha imakhala yopangidwa kotero kuti zokopa zina zimayambitsa kutulutsa kwawo m'zigawo zina, ndipo munthu amene akumva kutulutsa koteroko kwa nthawi yoyamba amakumana ndi zochitika zatsopano.
Nthaŵi ina ndili papulatifomu ndi mwana wanga wamwamuna wamng’ono pamene sitima yapamtunda inagunda pasiteshoni. Mnyamata wanga, yemwe anaima pafupi ndi mphepete mwa nsanja, anachita mantha ndi maonekedwe aphokoso a sitimayo, ananjenjemera, anayamba kupuma pang'onopang'ono, anasanduka wotumbululuka, anayamba kulira, ndipo potsiriza anathamangira kwa ine ndikubisa nkhope yake. Sindikukayika kuti mwanayo anali pafupi kudabwa ndi khalidwe lake monga kuyenda kwa sitima, ndipo mulimonsemo anadabwa kwambiri ndi khalidwe lake kuposa ine, amene ndinayima pambali pake. Zoonadi, titakumana ndi kachitidwe kotere kangapo, ife enife tidzaphunzira kuyembekezera zotsatira zake ndikuyamba kuyembekezera khalidwe lathu pazochitika zotere, ngakhale ngati zochitazo zimakhala zosadzifunira monga kale. Koma ngati mwachifuniro tiyenera kudziwiratu zomwe zidzachitike, ndiye kuti ndi munthu yekhayo amene ali ndi mphatso yowoneratu zam'tsogolo angachite nthawi yomweyo kuchita mwakufuna, osapanga mayendedwe achilengedwe kapena mwachibadwa.
Koma tilibe mphatso yaulosi yodziwiratu mayendedwe omwe tingapange, monganso sitingathe kulosera zomveka zomwe tidzakhala nazo. Tiyenera kuyembekezera zomverera zosadziwika kuti ziwonekere; momwemonso, tiyenera kupanga mayendedwe mopanda dala kuti tipeze zomwe mayendedwe a thupi lathu azikhala. Kuthekera kumadziwika kwa ife kudzera muzochitika zenizeni. Titapanga mayendedwe mwamwayi, reflex kapena mwachibadwa, ndipo zasiya chikumbukiro, titha kukhumba kupanganso kayendetsedwe kake ndiyeno tidzapanga mwadala. Koma n’zosatheka kumvetsa mmene tingakhudzire gulu linalake popanda kuchitapo kanthu. Kotero, chikhalidwe choyamba cha kutuluka kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka zabubundundundundundundundunduXNUMXjojoro ukwenza ukusebenza wo aunu wokungenaneni wo aungaku wonirani wogawana wamtengo wapatali
Malingaliro awiri osiyana okhudza kuyenda
Malingaliro okhudza mayendedwe ali amitundu iwiri: molunjika ndi mosalunjika. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mwina lingaliro la kusuntha kwa ziwalo zosuntha za thupi lokha, lingaliro lomwe timalidziwa panthawi yomwe tikuyenda, kapena lingaliro la kayendetsedwe ka thupi lathu, malinga ndi momwe kayendedwe kameneka kaliri. zowoneka, zomveka kwa ife, kapena momwe zimakhudzira (kuwomba, kukakamiza, kukanda) mbali ina ya thupi.
Kusuntha kwachindunji m'zigawo zosuntha kumatchedwa kinesthetic, kukumbukira kwawo kumatchedwa malingaliro a kinesthetic. Mothandizidwa ndi malingaliro a kinesthetic, timadziwa za kayendetsedwe kake komwe ziwalo za thupi lathu zimalankhulana. Ngati mukugona ndi maso otsekedwa, ndipo wina amasintha mwakachetechete malo a mkono kapena mwendo wanu, ndiye kuti mumadziwa malo omwe amaperekedwa ku chiwalo chanu, ndiyeno mukhoza kuberekana ndi dzanja kapena mwendo. Momwemonso, munthu amene amadzuka mwadzidzidzi usiku, ali mumdima, amadziwa momwe thupi lake lilili. Izi ndizochitika, makamaka nthawi zonse. Koma pamene zomverera kungokhala chete mayendedwe ndi zina zonse zomverera mu ziwalo za thupi lathu atayika, ndiye kuti tili ndi pathological chodabwitsa chofotokozedwa ndi Strümpell pa chitsanzo cha mnyamata amene anasunga kokha zithunzi zomverera mu diso lamanja ndi Makutu zomverera kumanzere. khutu (mu: Deutsches Archiv fur Klin. Medicin, XXIII).
“Miyendo ya wodwalayo inkagwedezeka mwamphamvu kwambiri, popanda kukopa chidwi chake. Pokhapokha ndi kutambasula modabwitsa kwa mafupa, makamaka mawondo, m'pamene wodwalayo amamva kugwedezeka kosadziwika bwino, koma ngakhale izi sizinali zodziwika bwino kwenikweni. Nthawi zambiri, kumuphimba m'maso wodwalayo, tinkamunyamula m'chipindamo, ndikumuyika patebulo, ndikupereka mikono ndi miyendo yake kukhala yosangalatsa kwambiri komanso, mwachiwonekere, mawonekedwe osasangalatsa, koma wodwalayo sanakayikire chilichonse cha izi. Ndizovuta kufotokoza kudabwa kwa nkhope yake pamene, titachotsa mpango m'maso mwake, tinamuwonetsa malo omwe thupi lake linabweretsedwa. Pokhapokha pamene mutu wake unagwedezeka panthawi yoyesera anayamba kudandaula za chizungulire, koma sanathe kufotokoza chifukwa chake.
Pambuyo pake, kuchokera pamawu okhudzana ndi zida zathu zina, nthawi zina adayamba kuganiza kuti tikuchita chinthu chapadera pa iye ... Kumva kutopa kwa minofu kunali kosadziwika kwa iye. Titamuphimba m’maso n’kumupempha kuti akweze manja ake n’kuwagwira m’malo mwake, anachita zimenezi mosavutikira. Koma patapita mphindi imodzi kapena ziwiri manja ake anayamba kunjenjemera ndipo, mosazindikira kwa iyemwini, anatsika, ndipo anapitiriza kunena kuti anawagwira mofanana. Kaya zala zake zinali zosayenda kapena ayi, iye sankaona. Nthawi zonse ankangoganiza kuti akukunga dzanja lake n’kulichotsa, koma zoona zake n’zakuti linali losasunthika.
Palibe chifukwa chonenera kukhalapo kwa mtundu uliwonse wachitatu wamalingaliro amagalimoto.
Kotero, kuti tipange kayendetsedwe kodzifunira, tiyenera kuyitana m'maganizo mwachindunji (kinesthetic) kapena lingaliro lokhala pakati lolingana ndi kayendetsedwe kamene kakubwera. Akatswiri ena a zamaganizo anena kuti, komanso, lingaliro la kuchuluka kwa kugona komwe kumafunikira pakudumpha kwa minofu ndikofunikira pankhaniyi. M'malingaliro awo, minyewa yomwe imayenda kuchokera pakati pagalimoto kupita ku minyewa yamoto ikatuluka imapangitsa kuti pakhale kumverera kwachilendo (kwachilendo), kosiyana ndi zomverera zina zonse. Zotsirizirazi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mayendedwe a mafunde apakati, pamene kumverera kwa mlengalenga kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi mafunde a centrifugal, ndipo palibe kayendedwe kamodzi komwe timayembekezera mwamaganizo popanda kumverera uku kusanachitike. Kumverera kwapang'onopang'ono kumasonyeza, titero kunena kwake, mlingo wa mphamvu yomwe kayendetsedwe koperekedwa kuyenera kuchitidwa, ndi kuyesetsa komwe kuli kosavuta kuchita. Koma akatswiri ambiri a zamaganizo amakana kukhalapo kwa kumverera kosautsika, ndipo ndithudi iwo akulondola, popeza palibe zifukwa zomveka zomwe zingapangidwe mokomera kukhalapo kwake.
Kuyesa kosiyanasiyana komwe timakumana nako tikamasuntha komweko, koma pokhudzana ndi zinthu zomwe sizingafanane, zonsezi zimachitika chifukwa cha mafunde apakati kuchokera pachifuwa, nsagwada, pamimba ndi mbali zina za thupi momwe kuphatikizika kwachifundo kumachitika. minofu pamene khama limene tikuchita ndi lalikulu. Pankhaniyi, palibe chifukwa chodziwa kuchuluka kwa innervation ya centrifugal pano. Kupyolera mu kudziwonera tokha, timatsimikiza kuti pamenepa chiwerengero cha zovuta zomwe timafunikira zimatsimikiziridwa kwathunthu ndi ife mothandizidwa ndi mafunde apakati omwe amachokera ku minofu yomwe, kuchokera kumagulu awo, kuchokera kumagulu oyandikana nawo komanso kuchokera kumagulu ambiri a pharynx. , chifuwa ndi thupi lonse. Tikayerekeza kupsinjika kwina, kuphatikizikako kovutirako kolumikizana ndi mafunde apakati, kupanga chinthu cha chidziwitso chathu, m'njira yolondola komanso yodziwika bwino, imatiwonetsa ndendende ndi mphamvu yanji yomwe tiyenera kupanga kusunthaku komanso kukana kwakukulu komweko. tiyenera kugonjetsa.
Lolani wowerenga ayese kuwongolera chifuniro chake ku gulu linalake ndikuyesera kuzindikira chomwe chiwongolerochi chinali. Kodi panali china chilichonse kupatulapo chiwonetsero cha zomverera zomwe angakumane nazo akapanga kayendetsedwe koperekedwa? Ngati timalekanitsa malingaliro awa m'dera la chidziwitso chathu, kodi tidzakhalabe ndi chizindikiro chilichonse chomveka, chipangizo kapena njira zowongolera zomwe chifuniro chingathe kusokoneza minofu yoyenera ndi mlingo woyenera wa mphamvu, popanda kuwongolera panopa mwachisawawa. minofu iliyonse? ? Patulani zomverera izi zomwe zimatsogolera zotsatira zomaliza za kayendetsedwe kake, ndipo m'malo mopeza malingaliro angapo okhudza momwe chifuniro chathu chingawongolere pakalipano, mudzakhala ndi chopanda mtheradi m'malingaliro, chidzadzazidwa ndi chilichonse. Ngati ndikufuna kulemba Petro osati Paulo, ndiye kuti kusuntha kwa cholembera changa kumatsogozedwa ndi malingaliro a zomverera zina zala zanga, zomveka, zizindikiro zina pamapepala - ndipo palibe china. Ngati ndikufuna kutchula Paulo, osati Petro, ndiye kuti matchulidwe amatsogoleredwe ndi malingaliro okhudza mamvekedwe a mawu anga omwe ndimamva komanso zamphamvu zina za lilime, milomo ndi mmero. Zomverera zonsezi zimalumikizidwa ndi mafunde apakati; pakati pa lingaliro la zomverera izi, zomwe zimapereka mchitidwe wa chifuniro chitsimikiziro chotheka ndi kukwanira, ndi mchitidwe womwewo, palibe malo amtundu uliwonse wachitatu wa zochitika zamaganizo.
The zikuchokera mchitidwe wa chifuniro zikuphatikizapo chinthu china cha chilolezo chakuti mchitidwe ikuchitika - chigamulo «zikhale!». Ndipo kwa ine, ndi kwa owerenga, mosakayika, ndi chinthu ichi chomwe chimadziwika kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri. Pansipa tiwona mwatsatanetsatane zomwe "zikhale choncho!" yankho ndi. Kwa mphindi ino tikhoza kuisiya pambali, popeza ikuphatikizidwa muzochita zonse za chifuniro ndipo motero sizikusonyeza kusiyana komwe kungakhazikitsidwe pakati pawo. Palibe amene angatsutse kuti posuntha, mwachitsanzo, ndi dzanja lamanja kapena lamanzere, ndizosiyana.
Chifukwa chake, podziwonera tokha, tapeza kuti malingaliro omwe amatsogolera gululo amangokhala ndi malingaliro asanayambe kusuntha okhudza zomverera zomwe zingakhudze, kuphatikiza (nthawi zina) lamulo la chifuniro, malinga ndi zomwe gululo likuchita. ndi zomverera zogwirizana nazo ziyenera kuchitidwa; palibe chifukwa choganizira kukhalapo kwa zomverera zapadera zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mafunde a mitsempha ya centrifugal.
Chifukwa chake, zonse zomwe zili mu chidziwitso chathu, zinthu zonse zomwe zimapanga - zomverera zakuyenda, komanso zomverera zina zonse - mwachiwonekere zimachokera ku zotumphukira ndipo zimalowa m'dera la chidziwitso chathu makamaka kudzera m'mitsempha yozungulira.
Chifukwa chachikulu chosunthira
Tiyeni tiitane lingaliro limenelo mu chidziwitso chathu chomwe chimatsogolera mwachindunji kutulutsa kwamoto chifukwa chomaliza cha kuyenda. Funso ndilakuti: kodi malingaliro amagalimoto apompopompo amakhala ngati zifukwa zosunthira, kapena atha kukhalanso mkhalapakati wamagalimoto? Sipangakhale kukayikira kuti malingaliro onse apamsewu ndi oyimira pakati amatha kukhala chifukwa chomaliza chakuyenda. Ngakhale kuti kumayambiriro kwa kudziwana ndi kayendetsedwe kake, pamene tikuphunzirabe kupanga, malingaliro olunjika a galimoto amabwera patsogolo mu chidziwitso chathu, koma kenako izi siziri choncho.
Nthawi zambiri, zitha kuganiziridwa ngati lamulo kuti m'kupita kwa nthawi, malingaliro amgalimoto amabwereranso kumbuyo ndikuzindikira, ndipo tikamaphunzira kupanga mtundu wina wa mayendedwe, malingaliro amagalimoto omwe amalumikizana nthawi zambiri amakhala chifukwa chomaliza cha izo. Padera la chidziwitso chathu, malingaliro omwe amatisangalatsa amatenga gawo lalikulu; timayesetsa kuchotsa china chilichonse mwachangu momwe tingathere. Koma, kunena zambiri, malingaliro amagalimoto apompopompo alibe chidwi chofunikira. Timakhala ndi chidwi makamaka ndi zolinga zomwe gulu lathu likupita. Zolinga izi ndizo, makamaka, zomverera zosalunjika zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zomwe kusuntha komwe kumayambitsa kumayambitsa m'maso, m'makutu, nthawi zina pakhungu, m'mphuno, m'kamwa. Ngati tsopano tikuganiza kuti kuwonetsera kwa chimodzi mwa zolingazi kunali kogwirizana kwambiri ndi kutulutsa kwamanjenje komwe kumayenderana, ndiye kuti lingaliro lazotsatira zaposachedwa la kusakhazikika lidzakhala chinthu chomwe chimachedwetsa kuchitidwa kwa chifuniro chimodzimodzi. monga kumverera kwa kusakhazikika, komwe tikukambirana pamwambapa. Chidziwitso chathu sichifunikira lingaliro ili, chifukwa ndikwanira kulingalira cholinga chachikulu cha kayendetsedwe kake.
Chifukwa chake lingaliro la cholinga limakonda kutenga kwambiri malo a chidziwitso. Mulimonsemo, ngati malingaliro a kinesthetic abuka, amatengeka kwambiri ndi zomverera zamoyo zomwe zimawapeza nthawi yomweyo kotero kuti sitikudziwa za kukhalapo kwawo. Ndikalemba, sindimadziwa kale za kuwona kwa zilembo ndi kugwedezeka kwa minofu mu zala zanga monga chinthu chosiyana ndi zomverera za kayendedwe ka cholembera changa. Ndisanalembe mawu, ndimamva ngati akumveka m'makutu mwanga, koma palibe chithunzi chofananira ndi chojambulidwa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha liwiro lomwe mayendedwe amatsata zolinga zawo zamaganizidwe. Pozindikira cholinga china kuti chikwaniritsidwe, nthawi yomweyo innervate pakati kugwirizana ndi kayendedwe koyamba koyenera kukhazikitsa ake, ndiyeno ena onse unyolo wa kayendedwe ikuchitika ngati reflexively (onani p. 47).
Wowerenga adzavomereza kuti malingaliro awa ndi omveka pokhudzana ndi kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu komanso motsimikiza. Mwa iwo, pokhapo pa chiyambi cha kuchitapo kanthu pamene ife timagwiritsa ntchito chisankho chapadera cha chifuniro. Munthu akudziuza yekha kuti: «Tiyenera kusintha zovala» - ndipo nthawi yomweyo involuntarily amavula frock malaya, zala zake mwachizolowezi anayamba unbutton mabatani waistcoat, etc.; kapena, mwachitsanzo, timadziuza tokha kuti: "Tiyenera kutsika" - ndipo nyamukani, pitani, mukagwire chogwirira chitseko, ndi zina zotero, motsogozedwa ndi lingaliro la uXNUMXbuXNUMXbcholinga chokhudzana ndi mndandanda wa zomverera motsatizana zimatsogolera ku izo.
Mwachiwonekere, tiyenera kuganiza kuti ife, kuyesetsa kukwaniritsa cholinga chinachake, timayambitsa zolakwika ndi zosatsimikizika m'mayendedwe athu pamene tiika maganizo athu pa zomverera zogwirizana nazo. Ndife okhoza bwino, mwachitsanzo, kuyenda pa chipika, pang'onopang'ono timasamala za malo a miyendo yathu. Timaponyera, kugwira, kuwombera ndi kugunda molondola kwambiri pamene zowoneka (zokhala pakati) osati tactile ndi motor (zachindunji) zomverera zambiri m'maganizo mwathu. Longosolani maso athu ku chandamale, ndipo dzanja lokha lidzapereka chinthu chomwe muponyera pa chandamale, yang'anani pamayendedwe a dzanja - ndipo simudzagunda chandamale. Southgard adapeza kuti amatha kudziwa bwino malo a chinthu chaching'ono pogwira ndi nsonga ya pensulo pogwiritsa ntchito zowoneka bwino kusiyana ndi zolinga zogwira mtima zoyendayenda. Poyamba, anayang’ana chinthu chaching’ono ndipo asanachigwire ndi pensulo, anatseka maso ake. Chachiwiri, anaika chinthucho patebulo atatseka maso ake, kenako anachotsa dzanja lake patebulo n’kuchigwiranso. Zolakwa zambiri (ngati tingoganizira zoyeserera zomwe zili ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri) zinali 17,13 mm chachiwiri ndi 12,37 mm koyamba (pamasomphenya). Malingaliro awa amapezedwa mwa kudziyang'anira. Ndi momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito zomwe zafotokozedwa sizikudziwika.
Mu Chaputala XIX tidawona momwe kusiyanasiyana kuliri kokulirapo m'njira za kubalana mwa anthu osiyanasiyana. Kwa anthu omwe ali a "tactile" (malinga ndi mawu a akatswiri a maganizo a ku France) mtundu wa kubalana, malingaliro a kinesthetic amatha kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu kuposa momwe ndasonyezera. Nthawi zambiri, tisayembekezere kufanana kwakukulu pankhaniyi pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana ndikukangana kuti ndi ndani mwa iwo amene ali woimira zochitika zamaganizo.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti tsopano ndalongosola bwino lomwe lingaliro la galimoto lomwe liyenera kutsogola ndikuzindikira khalidwe lake lodzifunira. Silingaliro la kusungidwa kofunikira kuti mupange kayendetsedwe kake. Ndichiyembekezo chamaganizo cha zomveka (zachindunji kapena zosalunjika - nthawi zina zochita zambiri) zomwe zidzakhala zotsatira za kayendetsedwe kake. Chiyembekezo chamaganizo chimenechi chimatsimikizira chimene iwo adzakhala. Mpaka pano ndatsutsana ngati kuti idatsimikizanso kuti kusuntha komwe kuperekedwa kuchitike. Mosakayikira, owerenga ambiri sangagwirizane ndi izi, chifukwa nthawi zambiri muzochita zodzifunira, mwachiwonekere, m'pofunika kuwonjezera kuyembekezera kwamaganizo kwa kayendetsedwe ka chisankho chapadera cha chifuniro, kuvomereza kwake kwa kayendetsedwe kake. Lingaliro la chifunirochi ndili nalo mpaka pano; kusanthula kwake kudzakhala mfundo yachiwiri yofunika kwambiri pa phunziro lathu.
Ideomotor zochita
Tiyenera kuyankha funsoli, kodi lingaliro la zotsatira zake zomveka palokha lingakhale chifukwa chokwanira cha kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kabwino ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kabwino ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kabwino ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kapabubu ka kapanibumwemwemwenkemwemwenkenkenkenkenkenke wonisonisonisonisonisowiyiyiraniraniraniranizani' chisankho, chilolezo, lamulo la chifuniro, kapena chidziwitso china chofananacho? Ndikupereka yankho lotsatirali. Nthawi zina lingaliro loterolo ndi lokwanira, koma nthawi zina kulowetsedwa kwa chinthu chowonjezera chamaganizo n'kofunika mwachisankho chapadera kapena lamulo la chifuniro chomwe chimatsogolera kayendetsedwe kake. Nthawi zambiri, muzochita zosavuta, chisankho ichi cha chifuniro sichikhalapo. Milandu ya chikhalidwe chovuta kwambiri idzaganiziridwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi ife pambuyo pake.
Tsopano tiyeni titembenuzire ku chitsanzo cha zochitika za volitional, zomwe zimatchedwa ideomotor action, momwe lingaliro la kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kamayambitsa mwachindunji, popanda chisankho chapadera cha chifuniro. Nthawi iliyonse yomwe ife nthawi yomweyo, mosazengereza, timachita poganiza za kusuntha, timachita ideomotor. Pankhaniyi, pakati pa lingaliro la kuyenda ndi kuzindikira kwake, sitidziwa chilichonse chapakati. Inde, panthawiyi, njira zosiyanasiyana za thupi zimachitika mu mitsempha ndi minofu, koma sitikudziwa. Tangokhala ndi nthawi yoganizira zomwe tachita kale - ndizo zonse zomwe timadziwonera tokha pano. Mmisiri wamatabwa, yemwe poyamba anagwiritsa ntchito (monga momwe ndikudziwira) mawu akuti "ideomotor action", amawatchula, ngati sindikulakwitsa, ku chiwerengero cha zochitika zamaganizo. M'malo mwake, iyi ndi njira yachibadwa yamalingaliro, yosabisika ndi zochitika zilizonse zakunja. Pokambirana, ndimawona pini pansi kapena fumbi pamanja. Popanda kusokoneza kukambirana, ndimatenga pin kapena kufumbi. Palibe zisankho zomwe zimabwera mwa ine pazochita izi, zimangochitika mongoganizira za lingaliro linalake komanso lingaliro lamoto lomwe likuyenda m'malingaliro.
Ndimachita chimodzimodzi pamene, nditakhala patebulo, nthawi ndi nthawi nditambasula dzanja langa ku mbale yomwe ili patsogolo panga, nditenge mtedza kapena mulu wa mphesa ndikudya. Ndamaliza kale chakudya chamadzulo, ndipo pakutentha kwamacheza masana sindikudziwa zomwe ndikuchita, koma kuwona mtedza kapena zipatso ndi lingaliro losakhalitsa la kuthekera kozitenga, mwachiwonekere zakupha, zimayambitsa zochita zina mwa ine. . Pamenepa, ndithudi, zochitazo sizimatsogozedwa ndi chigamulo chilichonse chapadera cha chifuniro, monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zonse zomwe ola lililonse la moyo wathu wadzaza ndi zomwe zimayambitsidwa mwa ife ndi zowona zomwe zimachokera kunja ndi liwiro lotere. kuti nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kwa ife kusankha ngati tinene kuti izi kapena zofanana ndi chiwerengero cha machitidwe osinthasintha kapena osasunthika. Malinga ndi Lotze, tikuwona
“pamene tilemba kapena kuimba piyano, mayendedwe ovuta kwambiri amenewo amaloŵa m’malo mwamsanga; chilichonse mwa zolinga zomwe zimabweretsa mayendedwe awa mwa ife zimazindikirika ndi ife osapitilira sekondi imodzi; imeneyi ya nthawi yochepa kwambiri kuti zidzutse mwa ife zochita volitional, kupatulapo chikhumbo ambiri kubala motsatizanatsatizana mayendedwe lolingana ndi zifukwa maganizo awo kuti mofulumira m'malo wina ndi mzake mu chikumbumtima chathu. Mwanjira imeneyi timachita ntchito zathu zonse za tsiku ndi tsiku. Tikayimirira, kuyenda, kulankhula, sitifuna chisankho chapadera cha chifuniro cha munthu aliyense payekha: timachita, motsogoleredwa ndi maganizo athu "("Medizinische Psychologie").
M’zochitika zonsezi, timaoneka kuti tikuchita zinthu mosalekeza, popanda kudodoma popanda lingaliro lotsutsa m’maganizo mwathu. Kaya palibe kanthu mu chidziwitso chathu koma chifukwa chomaliza cha kuyenda, kapena pali chinachake chomwe sichimasokoneza zochita zathu. Timadziwa momwe zimakhalira kudzuka pabedi m'mawa wachisanu m'chipinda chosatenthedwa: chikhalidwe chathu chimapandukira zowawa zotere. Ambiri mwina amagona pabedi kwa ola limodzi m’maŵa uliwonse asanadzikakamize kudzuka. Timaganiza tikagona, mochedwa bwanji kudzuka, momwe ntchito zomwe tiyenera kukwaniritsa masana zidzavutikira izi; timadziuza tokha kuti: Uyu ndi Mdyerekezi akudziwa chimene ali! Ndiyenera kudzuka! - etc. Koma bedi ofunda amatikopa kwambiri, ndipo ife kachiwiri kuchedwa isanayambike zosasangalatsa mphindi.
Kodi timadzuka bwanji m'mikhalidwe yotere? Ngati ndiloledwa kuweruza ena ndi zochitika zaumwini, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri timadzuka pamilandu yotere popanda kulimbana kwamkati, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zigamulo za chifuniro. Mwadzidzidzi timadzipeza tatuluka kale pabedi; kuiwala za kutentha ndi kuzizira, ife theka tulo conjuring m'maganizo mwathu malingaliro osiyanasiyana amene ali ndi chochita ndi tsiku likudzalo; mwadzidzidzi lingaliro linabwera pakati pawo: "Basta, kunama kwakwana!" Nthawi yomweyo, palibe kutsutsa komwe kudabuka - ndipo nthawi yomweyo timasuntha molingana ndi malingaliro athu. Podziŵa bwino lomwe kusiyana kwa kumva kutentha ndi kuzizira, motero tinadziutsa mwa ife tokha chosankha chimene chinafooketsa zochita zathu, ndipo chikhumbo cha kudzuka pabedi chinakhalabe mwa ife chikhumbo chophweka, chosasinthika kukhala chikhumbo. Lingaliro loletsa kuchitapo kanthu litangochotsedwa, lingaliro loyambirira (lofunika kudzuka) nthawi yomweyo linayambitsa mayendedwe ofanana.
Mlanduwu, zikuwoneka kwa ine, uli ndi zinthu zazing'ono zonse za psychology ya chikhumbo. Zowonadi, chiphunzitso chonse cha chifuniro chomwe chapangidwa m'bukuli, kwenikweni, chikutsimikiziridwa ndi ine pakukambitsirana kwa mfundo zochokera pakudziwonera ndekha: mfundo izi zidandikhutiritsa za zowona za zomwe ndimaganiza, chifukwa chake ndimawona kuti ndizosafunikira. fotokozani zomwe zili pamwambapa ndi zitsanzo zina zilizonse. Umboni wa zomwe ndimaganiza udasokonezedwa, mwachiwonekere, chifukwa chakuti malingaliro ambiri agalimoto samatsagana ndi zochita zofananira. Koma, monga tionere m'munsimu, mwa onse, popanda kuchotserapo, milandu yotereyi, panthawi imodzimodziyo ndi lingaliro la galimoto, pali lingaliro lina lomwe limalepheretsa ntchito yoyamba mu chidziwitso. Koma ngakhale pamene ntchitoyo siinamalizidwe kwathunthu chifukwa cha kuchedwa, imachitidwabe mbali ina. Izi ndi zomwe Lotze akunena pa izi:
"Kutsatira osewera a billiard kapena kuyang'ana amipanda, timasuntha mofooka ndi manja athu; anthu osaphunzira bwino, kulankhula za chinachake, nthawi zonse gesticculate; poŵerenga ndi chidwi kufotokoza kosangalatsa kwa nkhondo ina, timamva kunjenjemera pang’ono kuchokera m’mitsempha yonse, monga ngati kuti tinalipo pa zochitika zofotokozedwazo. Tikamayamba kuganiza mozama kwambiri za mayendedwe, m'pamenenso mphamvu ya malingaliro agalimoto pamitsempha yathu imayamba kuwululidwa; zimafooketsa mpaka malingaliro ovuta akunja, odzaza malo a chidziwitso chathu, amachotsamo zithunzi zamagalimoto zomwe zidayamba kupita kuzinthu zakunja. "Kuwerenga maganizo," komwe kwakhala kofala kwambiri posachedwapa, ndiko kulingalira maganizo kuchokera ku kukangana kwa minofu: motengera malingaliro a galimoto, nthawi zina timapanga kugundana kwa minofu molingana ndi chifuniro chathu.
Motero, tingaone mfundo zotsatirazi kukhala zodalirika. Kuwonetsera kulikonse kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kamwemwemwemwemwemwebayimwemwedha ngu ngu ngu ngu ngundu ngundumbombo ndavaCiŵi N)
Chigamulo chapadera cha chifuniro, kuvomereza kwake ku kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kakupangidwa, kumawoneka pamene chikoka chotsalira cha chiwonetsero chotsirizachi chiyenera kuchotsedwa. Koma wowerenga tsopano akhoza kuona kuti muzochitika zonse zosavuta palibe chifukwa cha yankho ili. <...> Kusuntha si chinthu china chapadera chomwe chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku kumverera kapena maganizo omwe atuluka mu chidziwitso chathu. Chidziwitso chilichonse chomwe timachiwona chimagwirizana ndi chisangalalo cha ntchito yamanjenje, yomwe iyenera kutsatiridwa ndi kayendetsedwe kake. Zomverera zathu ndi malingaliro athu, titero kunena kwake, nsonga za mphambano za mitsempha, zomwe zotsatira zake zimakhala kuyenda ndipo, pokhala ndi nthawi yochepa kuti iwuke mumtsempha umodzi, kuwoloka kale kupita kwina. Kuyenda malingaliro; Kuzindikira kumeneku sikungoyambira kuchitapo kanthu, koma kuti chotsiriziracho chiyenera kukhala chotsatira cha “mphamvu ya chifuniro” chathu, ndi chikhalidwe chachibadwa cha nkhani imeneyo tikamaganizira za chinthu china kwa nthawi yaitali popanda kunyamula. izo kunja. Koma nkhani imeneyi si chizolowezi; apa kumangidwa kwa mchitidwewo kumayendetsedwa ndi mafunde otsutsana.
Pamene kuchedwa kuchotsedwa, timamva mpumulo wamkati - ichi ndi chikhumbo chowonjezera, chisankho cha chifuniro, chifukwa cha zomwe chifuniro chachitika. Poganiza - za dongosolo lapamwamba, njira zoterezi zikuchitika nthawi zonse. Kumene kulibe njira iyi, malingaliro ndi kutulutsa kwagalimoto nthawi zambiri zimatsatana mosalekeza, popanda kuchitapo kanthu kwapakatikati. Kuyenda ndi zotsatira zachibadwa za ndondomeko yamaganizo, mosasamala kanthu za khalidwe lake, pazochitika za reflex, ndi mawonetseredwe akunja a kutengeka, ndi ntchito yodzifunira.
Chifukwa chake, kuchitapo kanthu kwa ideomotor sichochitika chapadera, chomwe kufunikira kwake kuyenera kuonedwa mopepuka komanso komwe kufotokozera kwapadera kuyenera kufunidwa. Zimagwirizana ndi mtundu wonse wa zochita zachidziwitso, ndipo tiyenera kuzitenga ngati poyambira pofotokozera zomwe zimatsogoleredwa ndi chisankho chapadera cha chifuniro. Ndikuzindikira kuti kumangidwa kwa kayendetsedwe kake, komanso kuphedwa, sikufuna khama lapadera kapena lamulo la chifuniro. Koma nthawi zina kuyesayesa kwapadera kumafunika ponse paŵiri kuti amange ndi kuchitapo kanthu. Muzochitika zosavuta, kukhalapo kwa lingaliro lodziwika m'maganizo kungayambitse kusuntha, kukhalapo kwa lingaliro lina kungachedwetse. Wongolani chala chanu ndipo nthawi yomweyo yesani kuganiza kuti mukuwerama. Mumphindi imodzi zidzawoneka kwa inu kuti wapindika pang'ono, ngakhale palibe mayendedwe owoneka mwa iye, popeza lingaliro loti sakuyenda lidalinso gawo la chidziwitso chanu. Chotsani m'mutu mwanu, tangoganizani za kayendetsedwe ka chala chanu - nthawi yomweyo popanda kuyesetsa konse komwe mwachita kale.
Choncho, khalidwe la munthu panthawi yogalamuka ndi zotsatira za mphamvu ziwiri zotsutsana za mitsempha. Mitsempha ina yofooka kwambiri, yomwe imadutsa m'maselo a ubongo ndi ulusi, imakondweretsa malo oyendetsa galimoto; mafunde ena ofanana ofooka amalowererapo mu ntchito zakale: nthawi zina kuchedwetsa, nthawi zina kumawonjezera iwo, kusintha liwiro ndi njira. Pamapeto pake, mafunde onsewa ayenera posachedwa kudutsa m'malo ena oyendetsa galimoto, ndipo funso lonse ndiloti: nthawi imodzi amadutsa imodzi, ina - kudzera m'malo ena oyendetsa galimoto, chachitatu amayenderana. kwa nthawi yayitali. china, kuti kwa wowonera kunja zikuwoneka ngati samadutsa m'malo amoto konse. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti kuchokera pakuwona kwa physiology, manja, kusintha kwa nsidze, kuusa moyo ndizofanana ndi kayendedwe ka thupi. Kusintha kwa nkhope ya mfumu nthawi zina kungachititse munthu kuchititsa mantha kwambiri ngati kupha munthu; ndi mayendedwe athu akunja, omwe ndi zotsatira za mafunde amanjenje omwe amatsagana ndi kuyenda modabwitsa kopanda kulemera kwa malingaliro athu, sikuyenera kukhala modzidzimutsa komanso mopupuluma, sayenera kuwonekera ndi mawonekedwe awo a gooey.
Kuchita Mwadala
Tsopano titha kuyamba kudziwa zomwe zimachitika mwa ife tikamachita mwadala kapena ngati pali zinthu zingapo patsogolo pa chidziwitso chathu mwanjira yotsutsana kapena yabwino. Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimaganiziridwa zitha kukhala lingaliro lamoto. Payokha, imatha kuyambitsa kusuntha, koma zinthu zina zoganiziridwa pakanthawi kochepa zimachedwetsa, pomwe zina, m'malo mwake, zimathandizira kuti zitheke. Chotsatira chake chimakhala mtundu wa kusakhazikika kwamkati komwe kumatchedwa kusakhazikika. Mwamwayi, ndizodziwika bwino kwa aliyense, koma ndizosatheka kuzifotokoza.
Malingana ngati zikupitirizabe ndipo chidwi chathu chimasinthasintha pakati pa zinthu zingapo zomwe timaganiza, ife, monga akunena, timaganizira: pamene, potsiriza, chilakolako choyambirira cha kuyenda chimakhala chopambana kapena kuponderezedwa ndi zinthu zotsutsana ndi malingaliro, ndiye timasankha. kupanga chisankho ichi kapena icho. Zomwe zimaganiziridwa zomwe zimachedwetsa kapena kukondera chomaliza zimatchedwa zifukwa kapena zolinga za chisankho chomwe wapatsidwa.
Njira yoganiza ndi yovuta kwambiri. Pa mphindi iliyonse ya izi, kuzindikira kwathu ndizovuta kwambiri za zolinga zomwe zimalumikizana wina ndi mzake. Tili penapake momveka bwino za kukwanira kwa chinthu chovuta ichi, tsopano mbali zina za izo, ndiye ena amabwera patsogolo, malingana ndi kusintha kwa malingaliro athu ndi "associative flow" ya malingaliro athu. Koma ziribe kanthu kuti zolinga zazikulu zikuwonekera bwanji pamaso pathu ndipo ziribe kanthu momwe kuyambitsira kwa injini kumayandikira kwambiri pansi pa chikoka chawo, zinthu zosadziwika bwino, zomwe ziri kumbuyo ndikupanga zomwe timazitcha pamwamba pa psychic overtones (onani Mutu XI). ), kuchedwetsa kuchitapo kanthu malinga ngati sitingathe kusankha zochita. Imatha kupitilira kwa milungu ingapo, ngakhale miyezi, ndipo nthawi zina imasokoneza malingaliro athu.
Zolinga zogwirira ntchito, zomwe dzulo lokha linkawoneka ngati lowala komanso lokhutiritsa, lero zikuwoneka kale zotumbululuka, zopanda moyo wamoyo. Koma lero kapena mawa zomwe tikuchitazo sizichitika ndi ife. Chinachake chimatiuza kuti zonsezi sizikhala ndi gawo lalikulu; kuti zolinga zooneka ngati zofooka zidzalimbitsidwa, ndipo zolingaliridwa kukhala zamphamvu zidzataya tanthauzo lonse; kuti sitinafikebe pamlingo womalizira pakati pa zifuno, kuti tsopano tiyenera kuzipima popanda kutsogoza zirizonse za izo, ndi kuyembekezera moleza mtima monga momwe kungathekere kufikira chosankha chomalizira chikhwima m’maganizo mwathu. Kusinthasintha kumeneku pakati pa njira ziwiri zomwe zingatheke m'tsogolomu kumafanana ndi kusinthasintha kwa thupi lanyama mkati mwa elasticity yake: pali chisokonezo chamkati m'thupi, koma palibe kuphulika kwakunja. Mkhalidwe wotero ukhoza kupitirizabe mpaka kalekale m’thupi lanyama komanso m’chidziwitso chathu. Ngati ntchito ya elasticity yatha, ngati damu yathyoledwa ndipo mitsempha ya mitsempha imalowa mwamsanga mu ubongo wa ubongo, oscillations amasiya ndipo yankho limapezeka.
Kusankha zochita kungadziwonetsere m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ndiyesera kufotokoza mwachidule za mitundu yodziwika bwino ya kutsimikiza mtima, koma ndifotokoza zochitika za m'maganizo zomwe zimangodziwonera nokha. Funso la zomwe zimayambitsa, zauzimu kapena zakuthupi, zomwe zimayang'anira zochitikazi zidzakambidwa pansipa.
Mitundu isanu yayikulu yotsimikiza
William James anasiyanitsa mitundu isanu ikuluikulu ya kutsimikiza: yololera, mwachisawawa, yopupuluma, yaumwini, yofuna mwamphamvu. Onani →
Kukhalapo kwa zochitika zamaganizo monga kumverera kwa khama siziyenera kukanidwa kapena kukayikira. Koma pounika tanthauzo lake, mikangano ikuluikulu imakhalapo. Yankho la mafunso ofunika monga kukhalapo kwenikweni kwa causality wauzimu, vuto la ufulu wosankha ndi determinism wa chilengedwe chonse ndi zogwirizana ndi kumveka kwa tanthauzo lake. Poganizira izi, tiyenera kuyang'ana mosamala kwambiri mikhalidwe yomwe timamva kuti tikugwira ntchito modzipereka.
Khama
Ndikanena kuti chidziwitso (kapena njira zamanjenje zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa nazo) ndizopupuluma m'chilengedwe, ndikadawonjezera: ndi mphamvu yokwanira. Maiko ozindikira amasiyana pakutha kwawo kupangitsa kuyenda. Kuchulukira kwa zomverera zina muzochita sikungathe kuyambitsa kusuntha kowoneka bwino, kulimba kwa ena kumaphatikizapo mayendedwe owoneka. Ndikanena kuti 'muzochita' ndikutanthauza 'muzochitika wamba'. Mikhalidwe yotereyi ikhoza kukhala kuyimitsidwa kwachizoloŵezi, mwachitsanzo, kumva kosangalatsa kwa doice far niente (kumverera kokoma kosachita kalikonse), komwe kumapangitsa mwa aliyense wa ife kukhala ndi ulesi, womwe ungagonjetsedwe ndi chithandizo chamankhwala. kuyesetsa mwamphamvu kwa chifuniro; koteroko ndiko kumverera kwa inertia yobadwa, kumverera kwa kukana kwamkati komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi malo a mitsempha, kukana komwe kumapangitsa kuti kutulutsa zisatheke mpaka mphamvu yochitapo kanthu itafika pamlingo wina wa kupsinjika maganizo ndipo sichinapitirire.
Mikhalidwe imeneyi imakhala yosiyana mwa anthu osiyanasiyana komanso mwa munthu mmodzi pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. The inertia of the nerve centers cana mwina kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa, ndipo motero, chizolowezi kuchedwa kuchita mwina kuwonjezeka kapena kufooketsa. Pamodzi ndi izi, kuchulukira kwa njira zina zamaganizidwe ndi zolimbikitsa ziyenera kusintha, ndipo njira zina zolumikizirana zimakhala zodutsika kwambiri. Kuchokera apa n’zoonekeratu kuti n’chifukwa chiyani kukhoza kudzutsa chisonkhezero cha kuchitapo kanthu pazifukwa zina kumakhala kosinthasintha poyerekezera ndi zina. Pamene zolinga zomwe zimakhala zofooka m'mikhalidwe yabwino zimakhala zolimba kwambiri, ndipo zolinga zomwe zimagwira ntchito mwamphamvu pansi pazikhalidwe zodziwika bwino zimayamba kuchita zofooka, ndiye kuti zochita zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitidwa popanda kuyesetsa, kapena kupeŵa kuchita zomwe nthawi zambiri sizigwirizana ndi ntchito, kukhala kosatheka kapena kuchitidwa kokha chifukwa cha khama (ngati atachita chimodzimodzi). Izi zidzamveka bwino mu kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane za kumverera kwa khama.