Kuchiza kwa chiweto, kapena chithandizo chothandizidwa ndi nyama, ndi dongosolo lokhazikika lothandizira kapena chisamaliro chomwe wodwala amapereka kwa wodwala wake, mothandizidwa kapena pamaso pa nyama. Cholinga chake ndi kusunga kapena kukonza thanzi la anthu omwe akuvutika ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana, zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo, zamaganizo kapena zamagulu.

Chithandizo cha ziweto chimasiyana ndi zomwe zimatchedwa kuti Animal assisted activities (AAA) zomwe cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa, kuphunzitsa kapena kusangalatsa anthu. Mosiyana ndi chithandizo cha zinyama, AAA, yochitidwa m'madera osiyanasiyana (ochiritsira, sukulu, ndende kapena zina), alibe zolinga zenizeni zochiritsira, ngakhale ziri zopindulitsa pa thanzi. Ngakhale kuti akatswiri ena a AAA ndi akatswiri azaumoyo, ichi si chiyeneretso chofunikira, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi chithandizo cha zinyama.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu

Malinga ndi ofufuza angapo, mphamvu zochiritsira zosamalira ziweto zimachokera ku ubale wamunthu ndi nyama womwe umathandizira kukulitsa kudzidalira komanso kukwaniritsa zina mwazosowa zathu m'malingaliro ndi m'malingaliro, monga zomwe timamva kuti timakondedwa "mopanda malire", kuti tizimva kukhala wofunika. , kukhala ndi mgwirizano ndi chilengedwe, etc.

Chifukwa cha chifundo chodziwikiratu chomwe anthu ambiri amakhala nacho pa nyama, kupezeka kwawo kumawonedwa ngati chinthu chofunikira chochepetsera kupsinjika, chithandizo chamakhalidwe kuti mugonjetse mphindi yovuta (monga kuferedwa), komanso njira yotulutsira kudzipatula ndikulankhula zakukhosi kwanu. .

Amakhulupiriranso kuti kukhalapo kwa nyama kumakhala ndi mphamvu3 zomwe zingathandize kusintha khalidwe la munthu ndikukhala ngati chida chowonetsera. Mwachitsanzo, monga gawo la psychotherapy, zitha kukhala kuti munthu amene amawona chisoni kapena kukwiya m'maso mwa nyamayo akuwonetsa momwe akumvera mumtima mwake.

Pochiza zinyama, galu amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kumvera kwake, kumasuka kwa kunyamula ndi kuphunzitsa, komanso chifukwa chakuti anthu ambiri amamvera chisoni nyamayi. Komabe, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba ya golide mosavuta ngati mphaka, nyama zaulimi (ng'ombe, nkhumba, ndi zina) kapena kamba! Kutengera ndi zosowa za katswiri wa zootherapist, nyama zina zimaphunzira kusuntha kapena kuyankha ku malamulo enaake.

Kukhala ndi chiweto sikungonena za mankhwala a nyama. Tikuchita nazo zonse mofanana mu pepalali popeza maphunziro ambiri asonyeza ubwino umene izi zingakhale nawo pa thanzi: kuchepetsa kupsinjika maganizo, kuchira bwino pambuyo pa opaleshoni, kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kulingalira kwachiyembekezo cha moyo, kuyanjana kwabwino, ndi zina zotero.

Pali nkhani zosawerengeka za nyama, zoweta ndi zakutchire, - kuchokera kwa agalu kupita ku gorilla, kuchokera ku nyanja mpaka ku njovu - zomwe zapeza anthu komanso kupulumutsa miyoyo popanda aliyense wokhoza kufotokoza zomwe zilipo. wakankha. Tikunena za kukulitsa chibadwa cha kupulumuka, chikondi chosasinthika cha "mbuye" wawo komanso china chake chomwe chingakhale pafupi kwambiri ndi uzimu.

Kwa anthu ambiri, kukhalapo kwa chiweto kumatha kukhala chofunikira kwambiri pazaumoyo komanso m'maganizo4-13. Kuchokera pakupumula kosavuta mpaka kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwakukulu, kuphatikizapo chithandizo chamagulu ndi kuchira bwino pambuyo pa opaleshoni, ubwino wake ndi wochuluka.

Limbikitsani kuyanjana

Kukhalapo kwa galu panthawi ya chithandizo chamagulu kungalimbikitse kuyanjana pakati pa otenga nawo mbali16. Ofufuzawo adaphunzira makanema ojambula pagulu la abambo achikulire 36 omwe amachita nawo misonkhano yamagulu a ½ ola sabata iliyonse kwa milungu ina. Galu analipo kwa theka la nthawi ya misonkhano. Kukhalapo kwa nyamayo kunawonjezera kuyankhulana kwa mawu pakati pa mamembala a gululo, ndikukomera kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyengo yachitonthozo ndi kuyanjana kwa anthu.

Kuchepetsa nkhawa ndi kulimbikitsa kupuma

Zikuwoneka kuti kungokumana ndi nyama kapena kungoyang'ana nsomba ya golide mu aquarium yake kumakhala bata komanso kutonthoza. Zimenezi zingakhudze thanzi lakuthupi ndi lamaganizo. Kafukufuku wambiri wanena za ubwino wosiyanasiyana wokhudzana ndi kukhalapo kwa ziweto. Mwa zina, yawona zotsatira zabwino pamtima, kuchepetsa nkhawa, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kugunda kwa mtima, komanso kusintha kwa maganizo. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la kupsinjika maganizo, pongoganiza zopita kukaona nyama zomwe amakonda, amalimbikitsidwa. Zotsatira za kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha chiweto m'banjamo zimasonyeza kuti chiweto chimasonkhanitsa achibale. Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti kukhalapo kwa nyama kumatha kukhala kolimbikitsa kwambiri kuti ikhalebe bwino, kuchepetsa nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa, komanso kukulitsa luso lawo lokhazikika.

Thandizani ku umoyo wa anthu okalamba omwe akuvutika maganizo kapena kusungulumwa

Ku Italy, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti chithandizo cha ziweto chingakhale ndi zotsatira zabwino pamaganizo a okalamba. M'malo mwake, magawo ochizira ziweto adathandizira kuchepetsa kukhumudwa, nkhawa komanso kuwongolera moyo komanso momwe amamvera. Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti chithandizo cha ziweto chingathandize kuchepetsa kusungulumwa kwa okalamba omwe amakhala m'nyumba zosamalira nthawi yaitali.

Kutsika kwa magazi chifukwa cha kupsinjika maganizo

Kafukufuku wowerengeka ayesa kuwonetsa zotsatira za chithandizo cha pet pa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Iwo ankangoganizira kwambiri za anthu amene ali ndi vuto la kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso ena amene anali ndi vuto la kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kawirikawiri, zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti, poyerekeza ndi ena, anthu omwe amapindula ndi kukhalapo kwa nyama amakhala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kuthamanga kwa mtima panthawi yopuma. Kuphatikiza apo, zikhalidwe zoyambira izi zimachulukirachulukira pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kupsinjika, ndipo milingo imabwerera mwakale mwachangu mukatha kupsinjika. Komabe, zotsatira zoyezedwa sizili zazikulu.

Thandizani kukhala ndi moyo wabwino wa anthu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia

Chithandizo cha ziweto chingathandize kusintha moyo wa anthu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia. Pakafukufuku wa anthu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia yosatha, kukhalapo kwa galu panthawi yokonzekera kumachepetsa anhedonia (kutaya kwa kukhudzidwa komwe kumadziwika ndi kulephera kusangalala) ndikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino nthawi yaulere. Kafukufuku wina adawonetsa kuti masabata 12 a chithandizo cha ziweto amatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakudzidalira, luso lothana ndi vuto, komanso moyo wabwino. Wina adapeza kusintha koonekeratu mu socialization17.

Sinthani moyo wa anthu ogonekedwa m'chipatala

Mu 2008, kuwunika mwadongosolo kunawonetsa kuti kuchiza ziweto kungathandize kupanga machiritso abwino41. Zingalimbikitse, mwa zina, kuyanjana kwina kwa thupi ndi malingaliro, kulola zovuta za mkhalidwewo kuyiwalika kwakanthawi ndikuchepetsa malingaliro opweteka.

Mu 2009, kafukufuku wina adawonetsa kuti akayendera nyama, ophunzira nthawi zambiri amakhala odekha, omasuka komanso okondwa. Olembawo amawona kuti chithandizo cha ziweto chimachepetsa mantha, nkhawa, komanso kusintha maganizo a odwala omwe ali m'chipatala. Zotsatira zabwino zofananira zidawoneka mu kafukufuku wa amayi omwe ali ndi khansa omwe akulandira chithandizo cha radiation.

Kupititsa patsogolo moyo wa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a dementia kapena Alzheimer's

Mu 2008, ndemanga ziwiri zotsatizana zimasonyeza kuti chithandizo cha ziweto chingathandize kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's. Komabe, ubwino umenewu udzatha mwamsanga pamene maulendo a nyamayo asokonezedwa.

Mu 2002, zotsatira za kafukufuku wina zinawonetsa kupindula kwa kulemera kwa thupi komanso kusintha kwakukulu kwa zakudya m'masabata 6 a kuyesera. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchepa kwa kadyedwe kazakudya zopatsa thanzi kwanenedwa.

Kuchepetsa ululu ndi mantha panthawi yachipatala

Maphunziro awiri ang'onoang'ono anachitidwa pa ana ang'onoang'ono omwe adagonekedwa m'chipatala mu 2006 ndi 2008. Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti chithandizo cha zinyama chikhoza kukhala chothandizira chokondweretsa ku chithandizo chachizolowezi chowongolera kupweteka kwapambuyo pa opaleshoni.

Kayezedwe kakang'ono kachipatala komwe kunachitika mu 2003 adayesa kuwonetsa zopindulitsa za chithandizo cha ziweto mwa odwala 35 omwe ali ndi vuto la misala ndipo amafunikira chithandizo chamagetsi. Asanalandire chithandizo, iwo mwina anachezeredwa ndi galu ndi womugwira kapena kuŵerenga magazini. Kukhalapo kwa galu kukanachepetsa mantha ndi 37% pafupifupi poyerekeza ndi gulu lolamulira.

Katswiri

Katswiri wa zootherapist ndi wopenyerera kwambiri. Ayenera kukhala ndi malingaliro abwino osanthula ndikukhala tcheru kwa wodwala wake. Nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito m'zipatala, m'nyumba zopuma pantchito, m'malo otsekeredwa ...

Njira yophunzitsira

Nthawi zambiri; katswiri wa zootherapist amalankhula ndi wodwala wake kuti adziwe zolinga ndi vuto loyenera kuchiritsidwa. Gawoli limatenga pafupifupi ola limodzi pomwe zochitika zitha kukhala zosiyanasiyana: kutsuka, maphunziro, kuyenda ... Wothandizira nyama ayesetsanso kudziwa zakukhosi kwa wodwala wake ndikumuthandiza kufotokoza zakukhosi kwake.

Khalani katswiri wa zootherapist

Monga mutu wa zootherapist suli wotetezedwa kapena wovomerezeka mwalamulo, zingakhale zovuta kusiyanitsa akatswiri a zootherapist ndi mitundu ina ya ogwira ntchito zothandizira zinyama. Nthawi zambiri zimazindikirika kuti katswiri wa zootherapist amayenera kukhala ndi maphunziro okhudzana ndi thanzi kapena ubale wothandizira (unamwino, mankhwala, physiotherapy, kukonzanso magwiridwe antchito, chithandizo chamankhwala, kupaka minofu, psychology, psychiatry, kuyankhula, ntchito zamagulu, etc. ). Ayeneranso kukhala ndi luso lomwe limamulola kulowererapo kudzera pa nyama. Kwa mbali yawo, ogwira ntchito a AAA (nthawi zambiri odzipereka) sakhala ophunzitsidwa bwino pazinyama, pamene "zooanimateurs" amaphunzitsidwa khalidwe la zinyama, popanda kukhala akatswiri a zaumoyo.

Contraindications chithandizo cha ziweto

Zotsatira zabwino za kukhalapo kwa nyama zimaposa zovuta zomwe zingakhalepo. Ngakhale milandu yopatsirana matenda imakhala yochepa, pali njira zina zopewera44.

• Choyamba, kuti tipewe kukhalapo kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena zoonoses (matenda a zinyama omwe amatha kupatsira anthu), m'pofunika kuchita zinthu zina zaukhondo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chiweto chimayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse ndi veterinarian.
• Chachiwiri, chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa allergenic reaction, ndikofunikira kusankha mtundu wa nyama mosamala ndikusunga malo ake oyera.
• Pomaliza, pofuna kupewa ngozi monga kulumidwa, m’pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti nyamazo zaphunzitsidwa bwino komanso kuti zikulandira chithandizo chamankhwala chokwanira.

Zolemba zoyamba2 pakugwiritsa ntchito nyama pakuchiritsa zikuwonetsa kuti nyama zakutchire zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo chothandizira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amisala. Komabe, anamwino ndi amene anagwiritsa ntchito mchitidwewu kuchipatala. Florence Nightingale, yemwe anayambitsa luso la unamwino wamakono, anali mmodzi mwa anthu amene anayambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito nyama pofuna kupititsa patsogolo moyo wa odwala. M’nkhondo ya ku Crimea (1854-1856), anagoneka kamba m’chipatala chifukwa ankadziŵa kuti, kuchokera paubwana wake, anali ndi mphamvu zotonthoza anthu ndi kuchepetsa nkhaŵa zawo.

Chopereka chake chadziwika ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo wa ku America Boris M. Levinson, yemwe amaonedwa kuti ndi tate wa chithandizo cha ziweto. M’zaka za m’ma 1950, iye anali m’modzi mwa anthu oyamba kunena za ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito ziweto pochiza matenda amisala. Masiku ano, zootherapy komanso zochitika kuphatikiza kukhalapo kwa nyama zimapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana ochizira.