Zikuoneka kuti palibe mankhwala. Cholinga cha chisamaliro ndi kukuchepetsa zotsatira zake ADHD mwa ana kapena akulu, ndiye kuti zovuta zawo zamaphunziro kapena zaukadaulo, kuvutika kwawo komwe kumakhudzana ndi kukanidwa komwe nthawi zambiri amavutika, kudzidalira kwawo, ndi zina zambiri.

Pangani nkhani yomwe ingalole munthu kukhala nayo ADHD Kukhala ndi zokumana nazo zabwino ndi gawo limodzi la njira zomwe madokotala, akatswiri amisala ndi aphunzitsi amawongolera. Makolo amakhalanso ndi udindo waukulu. Ndithudi, ngakhale kuti akatswiri ambiri amatsagana ndi mwanayo ndi banja, “makolo akali ‘ochiritsa’ ofunika kwambiri kwa ana ameneŵa,” akutero Dr.^r François Raymond, dokotala wa ana⁷.

Mankhwala

Nazi mitundu ya Mankhwala ntchito. Sikuti nthawi zonse zimakhala zofunikira ndipo ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo njira zama psychosocial (kuti muwone zambiri). Chimodzi chokha kuwunika kwachipatala kuunika kwathunthu kudzatsimikizira ngati chithandizo chamankhwala chikufunika.

Le methylphenidate (Ritalin®, Rilatine®, Biphentin®, Concerta®, PMS-Methylphenidate®) ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ADHD. Sichichiza matendawo kapena kuwaletsa kuti apitirize kukula, koma amachepetsa zizindikiro zake malinga ngati munthuyo akulandira chithandizo.

Izi ndi zosangalatsa zomwe zimawonjezera ntchito ya Dopamine mu ubongo. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, izi zimachepetsa munthuyo, zimasintha maganizo ake ndikuwathandiza kukhala ndi zokumana nazo zabwino. Kwa ana, nthawi zambiri timawona kusintha kwa maphunziro. Maubwenzi amakhalanso ogwirizana kwambiri ndi achibale ndi mabwenzi. Zotsatira zake zingakhale zazikulu. Kupatulapo zina, methylphenidate sichimaperekedwa usanafike msinkhu wa sukulu.

Mlingo umasiyanasiyana munthu ndi munthu. Dokotala amasintha malinga ndi kusintha komwe kumawonedwa komanso zotsatira zake (zovuta za kugona, kusowa kwa njala, kupweteka kwa m'mimba kapena mutu, tic, etc.). The zotsatira zoyipazi amatha kuchepa pakapita nthawi. Ngati mlingo uli wochuluka kwambiri, munthuyo amakhala wodekha kapena wodekha. Kukonzanso kwa mlingo ndikofunikira.

Nthawi zambiri, mankhwalawa amatengedwa 2 kapena 3 pa tsiku: mlingo umodzi m'mawa, wina masana, ndipo ngati n'koyenera, womaliza masana. Methylphenidate imapezekanso ngati mapiritsi aatali, omwe amatengedwa kamodzi patsiku m'mawa. Muyenera kudziwa kuti methylphenidate sipanga chizoloŵezi chakuthupi kapena chamaganizo.

Mankhwala ena amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pakufunika, mongaamphetamine (Adderall®, Dexedrine®). Zotsatira zake (zonse zopindulitsa ndi zosafunika) zimafanana ndi za methylphenidate. Anthu ena amalabadira bwino gulu lina lamankhwala kuposa gulu lina.

Mankhwala osalimbikitsa,atomoxetine (Strattera®), ingachepetsenso zizindikiro zazikulu za kuchulukirachulukira komanso kusasamala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ADHD. Chimodzi mwazokonda zake ndikuti sichingakhudze ubwino wa kugona. Zingalole ana kugona mofulumira komanso kuti asapse mtima, poyerekeza ndi ana omwe amamwa methylphenidate. Zingachepetsenso nkhawa kwa ana omwe akudwala matendawa. Pomaliza, atomoxetine ikhoza kukhala njira ina ya ana omwe methylphenidate imayambitsa tics.

Mwana ayenera kuwonedwa 2 mpaka 4 milungu chiyambi cha mankhwala, ndiye pafupipafupi intervals wa miyezi ingapo.

Psychosocial njira

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingathandize ana, achinyamata kapena akuluakulu kuti athetse zizindikiro zawo. Pali mitundu yambiri yothandizira yomwe imathandizira, mwachitsanzo, kuwongolera chidwi komanso kuchepetsa nkhawa zokhudzana ndi ADHD.

Njira izi zikuphatikizapo:

• kuyankhulana ndi psychoeducator, mphunzitsi wothandizira kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo;
• chithandizo chabanja;
• gulu lothandizira;
• maphunziro kuthandiza makolo kusamalira mwana wawo hyperactive.

Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zimapezedwa makolo, aphunzitsi, madokotala ndi psychotherapist amagwira ntchito limodzi.

Khalani bwino ndi mwana hyperactive

Popeza mwanayo ali ndi vuto la chidwi, amafunikira zomveka bwino kulimbikitsa maphunziro. Mwachitsanzo, ndi bwino kuwapatsa ntchito imodzi yokha panthawi imodzi. Ngati ntchitoyo - kapena masewera - ndi ovuta, ndi bwino kuwagawa m'masitepe omwe ndi osavuta kumvetsetsa ndikuchita.

The hyperactive mwana makamaka tcheru zokopa zakunja. Kukhala m’gulu kapena m’malo osokonekera (TV, wailesi, chipwirikiti chakunja, ndi zina zotero) kungakhale ngati choyambitsa kapena chokulitsa. Za kuphedwa kwa ntchito yakusukulu kapena ntchito zina zimene zimafuna kuika maganizo pa zinthu, choncho tikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikika pamalo abata kumene sipadzakhala zosonkhezera zimene zingasokoneze chidwi chanu.

Kwa ana omwe ali nawo kuvutika kugona, malangizo ena angathandize. Ana akhoza kulimbikitsidwa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi masana, koma azichita zinthu zodekha, monga kuwerenga, asanagone. Mutha kupanganso malo opumula (kuwala kocheperako, nyimbo zofewa, mafuta ofunikira okhala ndi zinthu zotsitsimula, etc.). Ndikoyenera kupewa masewera apawailesi yakanema ndi apakanema pasanathe ola limodzi kapena awiri kuchokera nthawi yogona. Ndizofunikanso kukhala ndi chizoloŵezi chogona chomwe chimakhala chokhazikika momwe mungathere.

Kutenga Ritalin® nthawi zambiri kumasintha kudya wa mwana. Kawirikawiri, uyu amakhala ndi chilakolako chochepa pa chakudya chamadzulo komanso chakudya chamadzulo. Ngati ndi choncho, patsani mwanayo chakudya chachikulu pamene mwanayo ali ndi njala. Pachakudya chamasana masana, yang'anani pazakudya zazing'ono zamitundumitundu. Ngati pakufunika, zokhwasula-khwasula zopatsa thanzi zingaperekedwe. Ngati mwanayo akumwa mankhwala kwanthawi yayitali (kamodzi kamodzi m'mawa), njala siyingayambe mpaka madzulo.

Kukhala ndi mwana hyperactive kumatenga mphamvu zambiri ndi kuleza mtima kwa makolo ndi aphunzitsi. Choncho n’kofunika kuti azindikire malire awo ndi kupempha thandizo ngati kuli kofunikira. Makamaka, ndi bwino kupatula nthawi ya "mpumulo", kuphatikizapo abale ndi alongo.

The hyperactive mwana alibe lingaliro la ngozi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri pamafunika kuyang'aniridwa kwambiri kuposa mwana wabwinobwino. Posamalira mwana woteroyo, ndikofunika kusankha munthu wodalirika komanso wodziwa zambiri kuti apewe ngozi.

Kukakamiza, kukuwa ndi chilango chakuthupi nthawi zambiri sizithandiza. Pamene mwanayo "adutsa malire" kapena mavuto a khalidwe akuwonjezeka, ndi bwino kumufunsa kuti adzipatula kwa mphindi zingapo (m'chipinda chake, mwachitsanzo). Njira yothetsera vutoli imalola aliyense kuti akhazikikenso pang'ono ndikuwongoleranso.

Chifukwa cha kudzudzulidwa chifukwa cha vuto lawo la khalidwe ndi zophophonya, ana achangu amakhala pachiwopsezo cha kusadzidalira. M’pofunika kusonyeza mmene akupita patsogolo osati zolakwa zawo ndi kuziona kukhala zofunika. The zolimbikitsa ndi zolimbikitsa perekani zotsatira zabwino kuposa zilango.

Pomaliza, nthawi zambiri timalankhula za mbali "zosasinthika" za ana omwe ali ndi ADHD, koma tisaiwale kutsindika mikhalidwe yawo. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ana okondana kwambiri, opanga zinthu komanso othamanga. M’pofunika kwambiri kuti ana ameneŵa amve kukondedwa ndi banja lawo, makamaka chifukwa chakuti amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zizindikiro za chikondi.

Kuti mumve zambiri ndi zothandizira, pitani patsamba la Douglas Mental Health University Institute (onani Mawebusayiti Osangalatsa).