Akathisia ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimatanthauzidwa ndi kufunitsitsa kusuntha kapena kupondereza pamalopo mosalephera komanso mosalekeza. Matenda a sensorimotor awa amakhala makamaka m'miyendo yapansi. Akathisia akhoza limodzi ndi kusokonezeka maganizo, nkhawa. Chifukwa cha akathisia chiyenera choyamba kudziwika ndipo chithandizo choyamba chiyenera kukhala ndi cholinga ichi.

Ndi chiyani ?

Akathisia ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimatanthauzidwa ndi kufunitsitsa kusuntha kapena kupondereza pamalopo mosalephera komanso mosalekeza. Matenda a sensorimotor awa - omwe amayenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa psychomotor - amakhala makamaka m'miyendo yapansi. Zimachitika makamaka mukakhala kapena mutagona. Kusapeza bwino, kusowa tulo kwachiwiri, ngakhale kupsinjika mumitundu yayikulu nthawi zambiri kumawonedwa. Akathisia akhoza limodzi ndi kusokonezeka maganizo, nkhawa.

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa akathisia ndi matenda a mwendo wopumula kumakambidwabe chifukwa cha kuchulukana kwachipatala pakati pa awiriwa. Ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti zizindikiro ziwiri zofanana koma amaonedwa kuti ndi osiyana chifukwa cha cholowa chosiyana cha mfundo zimenezi: maphunziro osakhazikika miyendo syndrome kubwera zambiri kuchokera minyewa mabuku ndi pa tulo ndi Akathisia wa maganizo ndi psychopharmacological mabuku.

Momwe mungadziwire akathisia

Pakalipano, akathisia amangopezeka pazidziwitso zachipatala ndi lipoti la odwala, chifukwa palibe mayeso otsimikizira magazi, kuwunika kwa zithunzi, kapena maphunziro a neurophysiological.

Zofunikira za akathisia yochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi neuroleptic-induced madandaulo akusaleza mtima komanso chimodzi mwazinthu zotsatirazi:

• Kusuntha kosakhazikika kapena kugwedezeka kwa miyendo mukakhala;
• Kugwedezeka kuchokera ku phazi kupita ku linalo kapena kupondaponda pamene wayimirira;
• Kufunika koyenda kuti muchepetse kusaleza mtima;
• Kulephera kukhala kapena kuyimirira osasuntha kwa mphindi zingapo.

Chida chowunikira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS), yomwe ndi sikelo ya nsonga zinayi momwe magawo okhudzidwa ndi cholinga cha matenda amavotera padera ndiyeno kuphatikiza. Chilichonse chimavoteledwa pamlingo wa nsonga zinayi, kuyambira ziro mpaka zitatu:

• Cholinga cha gawo: pali vuto loyenda. Pamene kuuma kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, kutsika kwapansi kumakhudzidwa makamaka, nthawi zambiri kuchokera m'chiuno mpaka kumapazi, ndipo kusuntha kumatenga mawonekedwe a kusintha kwa malo pamene atayima, akugwedeza, kapena kuyenda kwa mapazi atakhala. Komabe, akathisia ikakhala yoopsa, imatha kukhudza thupi lonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kugwedezeka kosalekeza ndi kugwedezeka, nthawi zambiri kumatsagana ndi kudumpha, kuthamanga, ndipo nthawi zina, kuponya pampando kapena kukankha. bedi.
• Chigawo chodziyimira payokha: kuopsa kwa kusapeza bwino kumasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku "kukwiyitsa pang'ono" komanso kumasuka mosavuta posuntha mwendo kapena kusintha malo, kukhala "osapiririka konse". Mu mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri, phunzirolo silingathe kukhala ndi malo aliwonse kwa masekondi angapo. Madandaulo okhudzidwa amaphatikizapo kumverera kwa kusakhazikika kwamkati - nthawi zambiri m'miyendo - kukakamiza kusuntha miyendo ndi ululu ngati mutuwo akufunsidwa kuti asasunthe miyendo yawo.

Zowopsa

Ngakhale kuti akathisia woopsa kwambiri wa antipsychotic-induced akathisia nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi schizophrenia, zikuwoneka kuti odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la maganizo, makamaka bipolar disorder, ali pangozi yaikulu.

Ziwopsezo zina zitha kudziwika:

• Kupwetekedwa mutu;
• Khansara ;
• Kuperewera kwachitsulo.

Akathisia osatha kapena mochedwa amathanso kulumikizidwa ndi ukalamba komanso kugonana kwachikazi.

Antipsychotics

Akathisia amawonedwa nthawi zambiri akalandira chithandizo ndi antipsychotics m'badwo woyamba, ndi kuchuluka kwa odwala kuyambira 8 mpaka 76% ya odwala omwe amathandizidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwalawa. . Ngakhale kuti kufalikira kwa akathisia kumakhala kochepa ndi mankhwala a antipsychotic a m'badwo wachiwiri, kuli kutali ndi zero;

Kudetsa nkhaŵa

Akathisia akhoza kuchitika pa chithandizo ndi antidepressants.

Zina zamankhwala

Maantibayotiki azithromycin 55, calcium channel blockers, lithiamu, ndi mankhwala omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito posangalala monga gamma-hydroxybutyrate, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) ndi cocaine.

Matenda a Parkinsonian

Akathisia yafotokozedwa pamodzi ndi matenda osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi matenda a Parkinson.

Zodziwikiratu Akathisia

Akathisia amanenedwa m'zochitika zina za schizophrenia yosachiritsika, kumene amatchulidwa kuti "akathisia wokhazikika".

Kusatsatiridwa bwino ndi chithandizo

Kuzunzika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha akathisia ndikofunikira ndipo kungakhale chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi chithandizo cha neuroleptic chomwe chimayambitsa chizindikiro ichi.

Kuwonjezereka kwa zizindikiro zamaganizo

Kukhalapo kwa akathisia kumawonjezeranso zizindikiro zamaganizo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachititsa kuti madokotala aziwonjezera mosayenera okhumudwitsa, monga kusankha serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) kapena antipsychotics.

kudzipha

Akathisia akhoza kugwirizanitsidwa ndi kukwiya, chiwawa, chiwawa, kapena kuyesa kudzipha.

Chifukwa cha akathisia chiyenera choyamba kudziwika ndipo chithandizo choyamba chiyenera kukhala ndi cholinga ichi.

Pamene Akathisia amakula makamaka chifukwa cha kumwa mankhwala a psychotropic, malingaliro oyambirira ndi kuchepetsa kapena kusintha mankhwala ngati n'kotheka. Odwala omwe amamwa mankhwala a m'badwo woyamba, ayesetse kusinthira kwa othandizira a m'badwo wachiwiri omwe amawoneka kuti amachepetsa akathisia, kuphatikiza quetiapine ndi iloperidone.

Ngati pali chitsulo chochepa, zingakhale zothandiza kukonza vutoli.

Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti "kuchotsa akathisia" kumatha kuchitika - potsatira kusintha kwa chithandizo, kuwonjezereka kwakanthawi kochepa kumatha kuchitika: chifukwa chake sikoyenera kuweruza momwe kuchepetsa mlingo kapena "kusintha kwamankhwala pasanathe milungu isanu ndi umodzi kapena". Zambiri.

Komabe, akathisia ikhoza kukhala yovuta kwambiri kuchiza. Zambiri zosiyanasiyana zimanenedwa kukhala zothandiza, koma umboni sunatsimikizidwebe.