Amoeba ndi tizilombo tomwe timayenda momasuka m'malo ozungulira komanso makamaka m'madzi akuda. Zina mwa izo zimachulukana m’chigayo cha munthu. Ngati ambiri a amoebae alibe vuto, ena ndi omwe amayambitsa matenda oopsa nthawi zina. Timatenga katundu.

Amoeba ndi chamoyo chokhala ndi selo limodzi la eukaryotic chomwe chili m'gulu la ma rhizopods. Monga chikumbutso, maselo a eukaryotic amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa nyukiliya ndi organelles zomwe zimakhala ndi majini ndipo zimalekanitsidwa ndi selo lonse ndi phospholidic nembanemba.

Amoeba ali ndi pseudopodia, mwachitsanzo, ma cytoplasmic extensions kuti ayendetse ndikugwira nyama. Zowonadi, amoeba ndi heterotrophic protozoa: amalanda zamoyo zina kuti azidyetsa ndi phagocytosis.

Amoeba ambiri ndi zamoyo zaulere: amatha kupezeka m'zigawo zonse za chilengedwe. Amayamikira malo a chinyontho, makamaka madzi otentha otentha omwe kutentha kwawo kumachokera ku 25 ° C mpaka 40 ° C. Komabe, pali amoebae angapo omwe amachititsa kuti matumbo a munthu awonongeke. Zambiri mwa amoeba sizimayambitsa matenda.

Ma amoeba ena amakhala m'matumbo a anthu pomwe ena amapezeka m'malo athu. Ndi ochepa chabe a amoeba omwe ali ndi matenda.

Ma amoeba awa amapezeka kawirikawiri m'mayeso a parasitology a chimbudzi. Kukhalapo kwawo kumawonetsa kuipitsidwa komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi ngozi ya ndowe, koma nthawi zambiri sikuyambitsa matenda. Mwa omaliza, timapeza amoeba amtundu:

• Entamoeba (hartmanni, coli, polecki, dispar);
• Endolimax ndi;
• Iadamoeba (pseudolimax) bütschlii;
• Dientamoeba fragilis;
• etc.

Amebiasis, meningitis, encephalitis, keratitis, pneumo-bronchitis, etc., matendawa amatha kuyambitsidwa ndi amoeba nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'madzi kapena chakudya chodetsedwa ndi ndowe. Izi nthawi zambiri zazikulu ma pathologies amakhala osowa. Zodziwika bwino ndi intestinal amebiasis, meningoencephalitis yolembedwa ndi Naegleria Fowleri ndi Acanthamoeba keratitis.

M'mimba amibiase (amoebose)

Amebiasis ndi matenda aakulu a m'mimba komanso chiwindi omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda Entamoeba histolytica, matumbo amoeba okhawo amtundu wa Entamoeba amatha kusokoneza minofu ndikuganiziridwa kuti ndi zoyambitsa matenda.

Amebiasis ndi amodzi mwa matenda atatu a parasitic omwe amayambitsa matenda padziko lonse lapansi (pambuyo pa malungo ndi bilharzia). Amebiasis ndi wofala kwambiri madera otentha ndi intertropical zone. Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri imapezeka makamaka ku India, Southeast Asia, Africa ndi tropical America.

Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri ana ndipo makamaka m'mayiko omwe ali ndi zida zochepa za ukhondo wamagulu (mayiko olemera kwambiri). M’mayiko otukuka, zimakhudza kwambiri apaulendo kuchokera kudera lomwe lili ndi vuto lalikulu la matendawa.

Kuipitsidwa kumachitika pakamwa, mwa kumeza chakudya kapena madzi oipitsidwa (zipatso ndi masamba) kapena mwamkhalapakati wa manja oipitsidwa. Kufalitsa kumachitidwa ndi ma cysts osamva omwe ali mu ndowe zomwe zimawononga chilengedwe.

Kuopsa kwa matendawa kumayamba chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kuthekera kwake kufalikira mu minofu, makamaka chiwindi.

Meningoencephalitis chifukwa cha Naegleria Fowleri

La meningoencephalitis chifukwa cha Naegleria Fowlerindizosowa: kuyambira 1967, palimodzi, milandu 196 yokha ya meningoencephalitis yadziwika padziko lapansi, osati yonse yomwe ikugwirizana ndi amoeba iyi.

Kuipitsidwa kumachitika pokoka mpweya wamadzi owonongeka (mwachitsanzo, panthawi yosambira).

Madzi otentha otsika kuchokera ku mafakitale, makamaka malo opangira magetsi, ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Dziwani kuti ana ndi omwe amawakonda kwambiri amoeba.

Amoeba amadutsa mucosa ya m'mphuno kukafika ku ubongo ndiyeno amakulira pamenepo. Matenda oyambitsidwa ndi Naegleria Fowleri amabweretsa kutupa kwa ubongo (meningoencephalitis). Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• mutu;
• kusapeza bwino;
• kugwedezeka;
• kusinza;
• nthawi zina kusakhazikika kwachilendo.

Matendawa amatha kupha ngati sanawazindikire.

Acanthamoeba keratitis

Ndi kutupa kwa cornea komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi amoeba Acanthamoeba, omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri m'nthaka, m'nthaka ndi m'madzi (madzi onse a m'nyanja ndi pampopi kapena m'madziwe osambira, etc.). Acanthamoeba imadziwonetsera yokha m'magawo awiri: mu trophozoite state ndi cystic state, yotsirizirayi imakana malo ovuta kwambiri kuti itsimikizire kukhalapo kwake.

Mu 80% ya milandu, matendawa amakhudza ovala lens. Zowonadi, zotsirizirazi zimayambitsa kupsa mtima ndikuyika malire pomwe ma amoeba amatha kuchulukana. 20% yotsalayo imakhudza anthu okhala m'madera okhala ndi nyengo youma.

Inoculation imachitidwa poyika pa cornea cysts yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi chala chodetsedwa, ma lens osatsukidwa bwino kapena otsukidwa, madzi, chinthu chosawoneka bwino (tsamba la udzu, matabwa, ndi zina zotero), mphepo yafumbi, ndi zina zotero.

Kuyamba kwa keratitis iyi kumadziwika ndi kumva kowawa kwa thupi lachilendo ndikung'ambika, ndipo nthawi zina ndi photophobia. Kufiira kwa maso, kuchepa kwa maso, ndi edema ya zikope ndizofala. Ngati chithandizocho sichinayambike munthawi yake komanso / kapena ngati sichigwira ntchito, kupitilira kwakuzama kwa amoebae kumapitilira ndikuwonongeka kwa chipinda cham'mbuyo, kenako chipinda cham'mbuyo, retina ndipo pamapeto pake timawona muzovuta kwambiri za metastases muubongo mwina mwa njira ya hematogenous. kapena njira yamanjenje (pamphepete mwa mitsempha ya optic).

Kuyeza kwachipatala kuyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi zitsanzo ngati mukukayikira za amoeba.

M'mimba amibiase (amoebose)

Choyamba, kufufuza kwachipatala kumayika dokotala panjira yoyenera. Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira matendawo imadalira malo omwe ali ndi matendawa:

Matenda a m'mimba

• Kufufuza kwapang'onopang'ono kwa chopondapo ndi ma enzyme immunoassay mu chopondapo;
• Sakani DNA ya tiziromboti mu chopondapo ndi / kapena mayeso a serological.

Matenda owonjezera m'mimba

• Kuyesa kwazithunzi ndi serological kapena kuyesa kuchiza kwa amebicide.

Meningoencephalitis ku Naegleria Fowleri

• Kufufuza kwakuthupi ;
• Mayesero a kujambula, monga computed tomography (CT) ndi magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), amachitidwa kuti athetse zifukwa zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a ubongo, koma sangathe kutsimikizira kuti amoeba ndi amene amachititsa;
• Kuphulika kwa lumbar ndi cerebrospinal fluid kusanthula kumatsimikizira matendawa;
• Njira zina zimatha kuchitidwa m'ma laboratories apadera ndipo ndizotheka kuzindikira amoebae. Izi ndizochitika, mwachitsanzo, ndi biopsy ya minofu ya ubongo.

Acanthamoeba keratitis

• Kuwunika ndi chikhalidwe cha corneal scrapings;
• Matendawa amatsimikiziridwa poyang'ana mawonekedwe a cornea, omwe ali ndi Giemsa kapena trichrome, komanso kulima muzojambula zapadera.

Matenda oyambitsidwa ndi amoeba nthawi zambiri amafunikira chithandizo chachangu kuti apewe zovuta. Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amakhala amankhwala (antiamibiens, antifungal, antibiotics, etc.) ndipo nthawi zina opaleshoni.

M'mimba amibiase

Chithandizo chimakhala ndi makonzedwe a antiamoebic osakanikirana ndi "contact" antiamoebic. Kupewa kwa amebiasis kumatengera kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo a ukhondo payekha komanso gulu. Popanda chithandizo, matendawa amakhalabe opanda chiyembekezo.

Amebic meningoencephalitis ku Naegleria Fowleri

Matendawa nthawi zambiri amapha. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala angapo, kuphatikizapo: Miltefosine ndi imodzi kapena zingapo mwa mankhwala otsatirawa: amphotericin B, rifampicin, fluconazole kapena mankhwala ogwirizana monga voriconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, azithromycin, etc.

Acanthamoeba keratitis

Chithandizocho chili ndi njira zingapo:

• mankhwala monga propamidine issethionate (m'maso), hexomedine, itraconazole;
• Njira zopangira opaleshoni monga keratoplasty kapena cryotherapy.