Areola udindo. Chithokomiro cha mammary ndi chophatikizika cha exocrine chomwe chili kumtunda ndi kumtunda kwa thorax. Mwa anthu, zimapanga misa yoyera yopanda kukula. Kwa amayi, zimakhalanso zosakhazikika pakubadwa.

Mapangidwe a bere. Kuyambira kutha msinkhu kwa amayi, mbali zosiyanasiyana za mawere a mammary, kuphatikizapo dzira la mkaka, lobes ndi zotumphukira za subcutaneous tishu zimayamba kupanga bere1. Pamwamba pa mawere a mammary ali ndi subcutaneous cell minofu ndi khungu. Pamwamba ndi pakatikati pake, mawonekedwe a brownish cylindrical amapanga ndipo amapanga nipple. Nipple iyi imapangidwa ndi timabowo tomwe timadutsa mkaka kuchokera ku minyewa yosiyana ya nthiwatiwa. nsonga iyi imazunguliridwanso ndi chimbale cha brownish pigmented skin disc, chokhala ndi m'mimba mwake kuyambira 1,5 mpaka 4 cm ndikupanga areola (1) (2).

Mapangidwe a Areola. The areola ikuwonetsa zolosera khumi zazing'ono zotchedwa ma tubercles a Morgagni. Ma tubers awa amapanga zopangitsa za sebaceous. Pa nthawi ya mimba ndi kuyamwitsa, zotupa izi zimakhala zambiri komanso zazikulu. Amatchedwa Montgoméry tubers (2).

Kuyanjana. Mphuno ndi nsonga zamabele, zomwe zimapanga mbale ya areola-nipple, zimalumikizana ndi gland ya mammary. Amalumikizidwa ku gland ndi mitsempha ya Cooper (1) (2). Minofu yosalala yokhayo imakhala pakati pa khungu la mbale ya areolo-nipple ndi gland, yotchedwa areolo-nipple muscle. (1) (2)

Thelotism imatanthawuza kubweza ndi kutsogolo kwa nipple chifukwa cha kukangana kwa minofu ya areolo-nipple. Kudumpha kumeneku kungakhale chifukwa cha chisangalalo, kuzizira, kapena nthawi zina kukhudzana ndi mbale ya areolar-nipple.

Matenda abwino a m'mawere. Mabere amatha kukhala ndi zotupa zabwino kapena zotupa. Ma cysts ndi omwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri. Amafanana ndi mapangidwe a thumba lodzaza ndi madzimadzi m'mawere.

Khansara ya m'mimba. Zotupa zowopsa zimatha kukhala m'mawere, makamaka m'dera la areolo-nipple. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa ya m'mawere yomwe imagawidwa kutengera momwe ma cell amayambira. Kukhudza dera la areolo-nipple, Paget's disease of the nipple ndi mtundu wosowa wa khansa ya m'mawere. Imakula m'mitsempha ya mkaka ndipo imatha kufalikira kumtunda, kupangitsa nkhanambo pa areola ndi nipple.

Chithandizo chamankhwala. Kutengera ndi matenda omwe amapezeka komanso momwe matendawa amakhalira, mankhwala ena amatha kuperekedwa. Nthawi zambiri amalembedwa kuwonjezera pa chithandizo china.

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, mankhwala a mahomoni, chithandizo cholunjika. Kutengera siteji ndi mtundu wa chotupa, magawo a chemotherapy, radiotherapy, mahomoni ochizira kapena ngakhale akulimbana nawo amatha kuchitidwa.

Chithandizo cha opaleshoni. Malingana ndi mtundu wa chotupa chomwe chapezeka komanso momwe matenda akuyendera, opaleshoni ikhoza kuchitidwa. Mu opaleshoni yokhazikika, lumpectomy imatha kuchitidwa kuchotsa chotupa chokhacho ndi minofu ina yozungulira. Pa zotupa zapamwamba kwambiri, mastectomy ikhoza kuchitidwa kuchotsa bere lonse.

M'mawere prosthesis. Kutsatira kusinthika kapena kutayika kwa bere limodzi kapena onse awiri, prosthesis yamkati kapena yakunja imatha kuyikidwa.

• Mkati mawere prosthesis. Prosthesis iyi ikufanana ndi kumangidwanso kwa bere. Zimachitidwa ndi opaleshoni mwina panthawi ya lumpectomy kapena mastectomy, kapena pa opaleshoni yachiwiri.
• Kupanga mawere akunja. Zosiyanasiyana zakunja za m'mawere zilipo ndipo sizifuna opaleshoni iliyonse. Zitha kukhala zosakhalitsa, zochepa kapena zokhazikika.

Kuyesedwa kwakuthupi. Choyamba, kuyezetsa kuchipatala kumachitika kuti muwone ndikuwunika zomwe wodwala akuwona.

Mayeso oyerekeza achipatala Unemammography, breast ultrasound, MRI, scintimammography, ngakhale galactography amatha kuchitidwa kuti azindikire kapena kutsimikizira matenda.

Biopsy. Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha minofu, mawere a m'mawere akhoza kuchitidwa.

Arturo Marcacci ndi katswiri wazachipatala waku Italy wazaka za m'ma 19 ndi 20 yemwe adatcha minofu ya areolo-nipple, yomwe imatchedwanso Marcacci muscle (4).