Kugunda kwamtima kwabwinoko ndiko 60 mpaka 100 kumenyedwa mtima pamphindi, mokhazikika. Zimakhalanso zachilendo kuti chiwerengero cha kugunda kwa mtima chifulumire chifukwa cha kulimbitsa thupi kapena ngati kusokonezeka kwa chithokomiro, mwachitsanzo. A Cardiac arrhythmia zimachitika pamene mtima amagunda mosakhazikika kapena ngati igunda kugunda kwa mtima kosakwana 60 kapena kugunda kwa mtima kupitirira 100 pa mphindi imodzi, popanda chifukwa.

Arrhythmia ndiye vuto lalikulu la mtima. Mu mtima arrhythmic, ndi mphamvu zamagetsi amene amalamulira Kugunda kwa mtima zimachitika kuchokera njira yosokoneza kapena osadutsa mabwalo amagetsi anthawi zonse.

Kutalika kwa arrhythmia kumasiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa wina komanso kumadalira mtundu wa arrhythmia.

ndemanga. Pali mitundu yambiri ya arrhythmia, ndipo si onse omwe akufotokozedwa patsamba lino.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya arrhythmia

The arrhythmias amagawidwa molingana ndi malo omwe amachokera, atrium kapena ventricle ndipo malinga ndi zotsatira zomwe amatulutsa, mwina kuthamanga kapena kutsika kwa mtima. The tachycardia zimagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa kugunda kwa mtima, ndi bradycardies mpaka kuchepa.

tachycardia, kapena kuchuluka kwa mtima

Timalankhula za tachycardia pamene mtima umagunda kwambiri kuposa kugunda kwa 100 pamphindi.

Nthawi zina tachycardia imachitika headsets. Mafomu odziwika kwambiri ndi awa:

• Fibrillation yoyeserera. Ndilo mtundu wofala kwambiri waarrhythmia. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika pambuyo pa zaka 60, mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena vuto la mtima. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya mtima. Mpaka 10% ya anthu 80 ndi kupitirira amavutika nazo. Nthawi ya fibrillation ya atria imatha kuchokera mphindi zingapo mpaka maola angapo. Nthawi zambiri fibrillation imakhala yokhazikika. Fibrillating atrium imatha kugunda pamlingo wa 350 mpaka 600 pa mphindi imodzi (mwamwayi ma ventricles samagunda mwachangu chifukwa zina mwazosokoneza zimatsekeka panjira). Mtundu uwu wa arrhythmia ukhoza kukhala wowopsa. Magazi sakuyendayendanso mokwanira. Ngati imadutsa mu atrium, a magazi magazi akhoza kupanga, kusamukira ku ubongo ndi chiopsezo choyambitsa sitiroko;
• Atrial flutter. Mtundu uwu wa arrhythmia ndi wofanana ndi fibrillation ya atrial, ngakhale kuti kugunda kwa mtima kumapangidwira kwambiri komanso pang'onopang'ono pa nkhaniyi, pafupifupi 300 pamphindi;
• Tachycardia supraventricular. Pali mitundu ingapo. Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kugundana kwa 160 mpaka 200 pamphindi ndipo kumatha kuchokera mphindi zingapo mpaka maola angapo. Zimapezeka kwambiri mwa achinyamata ndipo nthawi zambiri sizikhala pachiwopsezo. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi supraventricular tachycardia matenda a paroxysmal ou Matenda a Bouveret (mtundu wafupipafupi umapangidwa ndipo umalimbikitsa ma ventricles mwachangu komanso pafupipafupi). ndi Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome ndi mawonekedwe ena. Zimachitika pamene mphamvu zamagetsi zimadutsa kuchokera ku atrium kupita ku ventricle popanda kudutsa mfundo ya atrioventricular;
• sinus tachycardia. Amadziwika ndi a kuchuluka kwa kugunda kwa mtima kupitilira kumenya 100 pamphindi. Sinus tachycardia ndi yachilendo mu mtima wathanzi pambuyo pochita zolimbitsa thupi, kutaya madzi m'thupi, kupsinjika maganizo, kumwa zolimbikitsa (khofi, mowa, chikonga, ndi zina zotero) kapena mankhwala enaake. Komabe, nthawi zina zimakhala chizindikiro cha vuto lalikulu la thanzi mu mtima, monga pulmonary embolism kapena kulephera kwa mtima;
• Atrial extrasystole. Extrasystole ndi kupuma msanga kwa mtima, komwe nthawi zambiri kumatsatiridwa ndi kupuma kwanthawi yayitali kuposa nthawi zonse. The extrasystole nthawi zina imatsika pakati pa kugunda kwabwinobwino, osasintha kutsatizana kwawo. Si zachilendo kukhala ndi masiku angapo. Ndi msinkhu, amakhala pafupipafupi, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda vuto. Komabe, zikhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi vuto la thanzi (mtima kapena zina). Extrasystole ya Atrial imayambira mu atrium, pamene ventricular extrasystole (onani m'munsimu) imachokera ku ventricles.

Nthawi zina tachycardia imachitika ma ventricles, ndiko kuti, m’zipinda zapansi za mtima;

• Maginito tachycardia. Uku ndi kugunda kokhazikika, koma kofulumira kwambiri kwa ma ventricles, kuyambira 120 mpaka 250 kugunda pamphindi. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika pamalo a chilonda chomwe chinasiyidwa ndi opaleshoni yam'mbuyomu kapena zofooka chifukwa cha matenda a mtima. Nthawi ikatha mphindi zingapo, imatha kulowa m'mitsempha yamagazi ndipo imafunikira yankho lachangu;
• Fibrillation ya ventricular. Kugundana kofulumira komanso kosalongosoka kwa ma ventricles a mtima kumapanga a kuchipatala. Mtima sungathenso kupopa ndipo magazi sakuyendanso. Anthu ambiri amasiya kuzindikira nthawi yomweyo ndipo amafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwamsanga, kuphatikizapo kukonzanso thupi. Kugunda kwa mtima kuyenera kubwezeretsedwanso ndi defibrillator, apo ayi munthuyo amafa mkati mwa mphindi zochepa;
• Syndrome du QT yaitali. Vutoli limatanthawuza kutalika kwa malo a QT pa electrocardiogram (ECG), yomwe ndi nthawi yomwe ili pakati pa magetsi a magetsi ndi kutuluka kwa ventricles. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha a chibadwa kapena kobadwa nako malformation wa mtima. Kuonjezera apo, zotsatira za mankhwala angapo zingayambitse matendawa. Zimapangitsa kuti mtima uzigunda mwachangu komanso mosakhazikika. Zingayambitse kukomoka ngakhalenso kuchititsa imfa yadzidzidzi;
• Ventricular extrasystole. Kudumpha msanga msanga kumatha kuchitika m'mitsempha. Extrasystole ya ventricular imakhala yochulukirapo kuposa ya chiyambi cha atrium. Mofanana ndi atrial extrasystole, ikhoza kukhala yopanda vuto mu mtima wathanzi. Komabe, m'pofunika kufufuza zambiri pamene ndizofala kwambiri.

Bradycardias, kapena kuchepa kwa kugunda kwa mtima

Bradycardia imachitika pamene magazi amazungulira kugunda kwa mtima kosakwana 60 pamphindi. ku kugunda kwa mtima pang'onopang'ono kuti zachibadwa siziri kwenikweni zoika moyo pachiswe. Ikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha thanzi labwino kwambiri la mtima. Mwachitsanzo, othamanga ena amakhala ndi kugunda kwa mtima kwa 40 pa mphindi imodzi ndipo amakhala olimba modabwitsa.

Kumbali ina, pamene mtima sungathe kupereka mokwanira ku ziwalo ndi mpweya, timalankhula za symptomatic bradycardia. Mafomu otsatirawa ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri:

• Kuwonongeka kwa node ya Sinoatrial. Izi nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kugunda kwa mtima kosakwana 50 pamphindi. Choyambitsa chofala kwambiri ndi minofu yowonongeka yomwe imasokoneza kapena kulowetsa node ya sinoatrial;
• Atrioventricular block. Kuwonongeka kumeneku pakufalitsa mphamvu yamagetsi (kuchedwetsa, kusokoneza nthawi zina kapena kusokoneza kwathunthu) pakati pa atria ndi ventricles kumayambitsa kutsika kwa mtima.

Zimayambitsa

Zomwe zimayambitsaarrhythmia mtima zambiri ndipo zikuphatikiza izi:

• Ukalamba wamba;
• Kupsinjika;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika fodya, mowa, khofi kapena chilichonse cholimbikitsa; kugwiritsa ntchito cocaine;
• Kutaya madzi m'thupi;
• atherosulinosis ndi atherosulinosis;
• Kumwa mankhwala enaake;
• Broncho-pneumopathies (zovuta ndi kupuma dongosolo);
• Pulmonary embolism;
• Kulephera kwa Coronary kumabweretsa kusowa kwa oxygenation ya minofu ya mtima.

Zovuta zotheka

Mitundu ina ya arrhythmia imawonjezera chiopsezo cha zovuta monga:

• ngozi ya cerebrovascular (stroke);
• mtima kulephera;
• a kutaya chidziwitso (kawirikawiri, mitundu ina yokha ya arrhythmia).

Pamene dokotala?

Lumikizanani nawo maulendo apadera nthawi yomweyo ngati mukumva zizindikiro monga kugunda kwa mtima, kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kusowa mpweya, mosayembekezereka komanso mosafotokozeredwa.