Ashtanga yoga ndi yoga yotsogola, koma koposa zonse ndi nzeru zomwe Krishnamacharya, Sage ndi Yogi adapanga atapita ku Himalaya cha m'ma 1916. Kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri adaphunzira Ashtanga Yoga kuchokera kwa Master Sri Ramamohan Brahmachari. M'ma 1930 adaperekanso izi kwa ophunzira ambiri aku India ndi azungu. Mwa odziwika kwambiri ndi Sri K. Pattabhi Jois, BNS Iyengar, Indra Devi ndi mwana wake wamwamuna TKV Desikachar. Mchitidwewu udatchuka ku West zaka 30 pambuyo pake. Koma kodi Ashtanga yoga ndi chiyani, mfundo zoyambira, maubwino, kusiyana ndi yoga yachikhalidwe, mbiri yake?

Mawu oti Ashtanga amachokera ku mawu achi Sanskrit akuti "ashtau" omwe amatanthauza 8 ndi "anga" omwe amatanthauza "mamembala". Miyendo isanu ndi itatu ikuyimira machitidwe 8 ​​ofunikira ku Ashtanga yoga omwe tidzakhazikitse pambuyo pake: malamulo amakhalidwe, kudziletsa, magwiridwe antchito amthupi, luso la kupuma, luso la kuzindikira, kusinkhasinkha, kusinkhasinkha ndi kuwunikira.

Ashtanga yoga ndi mawonekedwe a Hatha yoga momwe maimidwewo amaphatikizidwa ndikutambasula kuti mupatse mphamvu, mphamvu ku thupi; ndi ma contractions (Bandas) omwe akufuna kupezera mpweya wofunikira (prana) m'matupi amkati mwamthupi kudzera kulumikizana kwa mayendedwe ndi kupuma (vinyasa). Makamaka a Ashtanga agona poti maimidwe amalumikizidwa molingana ndi zomwe zidakonzedweratu, ndikuti ndizovuta kukwaniritsa. Malingana ngati momwe sanakhalire, munthuyo samazindikira zomwe zikutsatira. Izi zimamupatsa mwayi wopirira.

Thupi limapatsidwa mphamvu ndi mpweya, womwe umawonjezera kutentha kwa thupi ndikuthandizira kuwononga thupi. Mchitidwewu umabweretsa chidwi, mphamvu ndi mphamvu zofunikira kuti mutonthozedwe popanda zopweteka zomwe zingayambike, bola zikachitika modekha, modzichepetsa ndi mwachifundo kuti mupeze njira ya Wisdom. Mchitidwe wa yoga umafuna kutsegula malingaliro kusinkhasinkha pofuna kulimbikitsa bata lamatsenga, komanso kuti munthuyo adziwe zomwe angathe kuchita mwauzimu.

Mfundo za Ashtanga yoga zidakhazikitsidwa ndi miyendo isanu ndi itatu yomwe Patanjali adapanga mu gulu lake lotchedwa "Yoga-sutra", ndi mtundu wamalingaliro amoyo okhudzana ndi:

Malamulo amakhalidwe (yamas)

Yamas ndizokhudza ubale wathu ndi ena komanso zinthu zakunja. Pali ma yamaya asanu omwe munthuyo ayenera kulemekeza: osavulaza, kukhala owona mtima, osaba, kukhala okhulupirika kapena osadziletsa (brahmacharya) komanso osakhala adyera. Mawonekedwe oyamba a yama ndi ahimsa omwe amatanthauza kuti asamapweteketse cholengedwa chilichonse, osavulaza, osapha mwa njira iliyonse ndipo konse. Zomwe zimaphatikizapo kukhala wamasamba, wosadyeratu zanyama zilizonse kapena wosadyeratu zanyama zilizonse.

Kudziletsa (niyamas)

Wachiwiri akutchula malamulo omwe munthuyo ayenera kutsatira. The niyamas ndi: ukhondo mkati, ukhondo kunja, kukhutira, kudziwa zolemba zopatulika. Zotsatirazi zitha kubweretsa kudzipereka kwa Mulungu ngati munthuyo alidi wauzimu (sadhana) wodzazidwa ndi chisomo, chisangalalo ndi chifundo.

Kukhazikika kwa thupi (asanas)

Maimidwewo amathandizira kulimbitsa thupi, kuti likhale losinthasintha komanso kubweretsa kukhazikika komanso kudzidalira. Cholinga ndikudyetsa thupi ndi mpweya wofunikira (prana) pamalo aliwonse, kuti mufike pamalingaliro olekerera. Maimidwewo ndiofunikira ku Ashtanga yoga chifukwa amalola kukonza kusamvana ndikukhazikika kuti agwirizanitse thupi ndi malingaliro, monga machitidwe ena onse a yoga.

Kupuma (pranayama)

Izi zimaphatikizapo kupuma kofunikira, kutalika kwa nthawi mukuzungulira kwa mpweya, kuletsa kupuma, ndikukula kapena kutambasula kwa mpweya. Kuyeserera pranayama kumathandiza kuyeretsa njira zofunika pamoyo wapadziko lapansi ndikuchotsa kupsinjika ndi poizoni wamthupi ndi wamaganizidwe, Pochita zolimbitsa thupi kupuma kumathandizira kukweza kutentha kwa thupi, komwe kumalimbikitsa kuchotsa poizoni. Kudzoza ndi kutsirizika kwake kuyenera kukhala kofanana komanso kuchitike kudzera mphuno ndi mpweya wotchedwa ujjayi. Ku Ashtanga yoga komanso munthawi zonse, kupuma ndikofunikira chifukwa kumalumikizidwa ndi malingaliro.

Kuthana ndi mphamvu (pratyahara)

Ndikulamulira kwamalingaliro komwe kumatha kubweretsa kukhazikika kwamkati, izi ndizotheka ndikuwongolera chidwi chanu panjira ya kupuma. Kufuna kukhazika mtima pansi ndikuwongolera malingaliro ake osakhudzidwa ndi m'modzi kapena asanu mwa mphamvu zathu zisanu kumathandizira munthuyo kupita patsogolo mpaka kutsekedwa. Munthuyo samasamaliranso zinthu zakunja kuti azilingalira za iye komanso zamkati mwake.

Ndende (dharana)

Chidwi cha munthuyo chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi chinthu chakunja, kugwedera kapena mungoli mkati mwanu.

Kusinkhasinkha (dhyana)

Ntchito yozunzirako imalola kusinkhasinkha, komwe kumapangitsa kuthana ndi malingaliro, komwe kulibe lingaliro.

Kukonzekera (samadhi)

Gawo lomalizali limapanga mgwirizano pakati pa (atman) ndi mtheradi (brahman), mu filosofi ya Buddha amatchedwa nirvana, ndiye mkhalidwe wodziwa zonse.

Ashtanga yoga imakupatsani mwayi:

• Kuchepetsa poizoni: Mchitidwe wa Ashtanga yoga umayambitsa kutentha kwamkati kumayambitsa thukuta. Izi zimapangitsa kuti poizoni atulutse thupi.
• Limbikitsani zimfundo za thupi: kugwiritsa ntchito kosiyanasiyana komanso kolimba kwamphamvu kumathandizira kugwira ntchito bwino kwa mafupa.
• Onjezerani kupirira komanso kusinthasintha
• Kuchepetsa thupi: Kafukufuku wa ana 14 azaka zapakati pa 8 mpaka 15 omwe ali pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 adawonetsa kuti Ashtanga yoga anali mnzake wothandizira kuchepa thupi.
• Kuchepetsa kupsinjika ndi nkhawa: Kusinkhasinkha ndikupumira kumathandiza kuti muchepetse nkhawa komanso kuchepetsa nkhawa.
• Imasiyanitsa a Doshas ku Ayurveda.

Ku Ashtanga yoga, anthu amakhala pamalo amodzi kwa kanthawi kochepa chifukwa mawonekedwe aliwonse amalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya (5 kapena 8), womwe umathandizira kutsata kwakanthawi pang'ono. Chifukwa chake imafunikira ndalama zambiri ndikupanga yoga kukhala yamphamvu kuposa yoga yachikhalidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yopumira ndiyapadera ndipo nthawi yolimbikitsira ndi kutha kwake ndi yofunika kwambiri pakusintha kwakhazikikidwe.

Chiyambi cha Ashtanga yoga akuti chimachokera ku cholembedwa chakale chotchedwa "Yoga Korunta". Lembali lidalembedwa ndi Vamana Rish pakati pa 500 ndi 1500 BC ndipo adapezanso ndi Sri Tirumalai Krishnamacharya mulaibulale yaku yunivesite ku Calcutta. Katswiri mu Sanskrit wakale, adazindikira kuti mawuwa anali gawo lakale kwambiri (pakati pa 3000 & 4000 BC), adayamba kuwaphunzitsa Pattabhi Jois mu 1927 ali ndi zaka 12. Patanjali amaganiza za Ashtanga Yoga mu Yoga Sutra yomwe ili ndi ma Aphorisms osachepera 195 Aphorisms kuyambira m'zaka za zana lachiwiri BC kapena zaka 2 pambuyo pake.

M'buku lachiwiri ndi lachitatu la Yogas Sutras, maluso a Ashtanga adanenedwa, izi zimalumikizidwa ndi zochitika za yogic ndipo cholinga chake ndi kuputa chisangalalo: kuyeretsa, malingaliro amthupi, njira zopumira. Patanjali amagogomezera pang'ono zochitika zam'mbuyo, inde, izi ziyenera kufalikira ndi Masters kapena Guru osati ndi mawu ofotokozera. Ayeneranso kupereka kukhazikika ndikuchepetsa kuyesayesa kwakuthupi kuti tipewe kutopa ndi mantha m'malo ena amthupi. Amakhazikitsa njira zolimbitsa thupi kuti chidwi chathu chizikhala pa gawo lazidziwitso. Poyamba, mawonekedwe angawoneke kukhala osasangalatsa, ngakhale osapiririka. Koma molimba mtima, nthawi zonse komanso kuleza mtima khama limakhala laling'ono mpaka litasowa: izi ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa kusinkhasinkha kuyenera kukhala kwachilengedwe kuti athe kuyika chidwi.

Palibenso zotengera za Ashtanga kuyambira Ashtanga, yomwe masiku ano imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake, imachokera ku Hatha yoga, monga yoga ya Vinyasa kapena Iyengar yoga. Masiku ano, pali masukulu osiyanasiyana opanga yoga koma sitiyenera kuyiwala kuti yoga ndiyoposa nzeru zonse, ndikuti thupi ndi chida chotithandizira kuti tizichita bwino ndi ife komanso pafupi nafe.

Mtundu wa yoga makamaka umapangidwira anthu omwe akufuna kukhalabe athanzi ndikutulutsa mphamvu zawo, kuti akhale ndi zabwino. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuti munthuyo azilimbikitsidwa popeza Ashtanga yoga imachita chidwi ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwakanthawi.