Astronotus: kufotokozera, kukonza ndi chisamaliro mu aquarium, kubereka

Nsomba za Aquarium ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa mafani kuti azisunga nsomba m'madzi am'madzi kunyumba. Astronotuses amaimira mitundu ya cichlid, yomwe imatchedwanso mosiyana: nsomba ya pikoko, oscar, ocellatus kapena velvet cichlid.

Astronotus: kufotokoza

Astronotus amaimira gulu la nsomba zazikulu kwambiri zam'madzi zam'madzi, zomwe kukula kwake m'chilengedwe ndi pafupifupi 40 cm. Ngati mumasunga nsomba iyi m'malo opangira, ndiye kuti astronotus amakula mpaka 22 cm. ali ndi chotupa. Astronotus amasiyananso mumitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya astronotus yokhala ndi mtundu wofiira wa thupi ndi yotchuka kwambiri. Young nsomba penapake amatikumbutsa makolo awo, koma amasiyana koyera wakuda, pafupifupi malasha mtundu ndi madontho lalikulu ndi kukhalapo kwa chitsanzo yaing'ono mu mawonekedwe a nyenyezi mosintha anamwazikana pa thupi.

Ndikofunika kudziwa! Aquarists ambiri amadziwa za kukhalapo kwa mtundu wa albino woswana wa mitundu yofiira ya Astronotus, yomwe ili ndi zipsepse zoyera ndipo imatchedwa "Red Oscar".

Mitundu yoyambira ya Astronotus imasiyanasiyana pakati pa imvi-bulauni, komanso mtundu wakuda wa jet. Pali mawanga akuluakulu pathupi, omwazika mosintha mthupi lonse, koma opanda mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a geometric, komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a geometric. Pankhaniyi, mawanga amasiyanitsidwa ndi utoto wachikasu komanso kukhalapo kwa malire akuda. Pansi pa chipsepse cha caudal, mutha kuwona malo akuda, akulu kwambiri komanso opangidwa ndi mzere wa lalanje. Maonekedwe, malowa amakhala ngati diso lapakati. "Diso" lomwelo limapezeka m'chigawo cha dorsal fin, ngakhale kuti ndi lalitali.

malo achilengedwe

Mayiko monga Brazil, Venezuela, Guiana ndi Paraguay, omwe amadziwika ndi nyengo yofunda, amatengedwa kuti ndi kumene nsomba za aquarium zimabadwira. Pafupifupi zaka 100 zapitazo, nsombazi zinabweretsedwa ku Ulaya, kenako zinawonekera m'dera la dziko lathu. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, nsombazo zinatchuka pakati pa anthu okhala m'madzi.

Nthawi yomweyo, astronotus adazolowerana bwino ku South America, komwe ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino cha usodzi wamasewera. Mafamu ambiri akuluakulu omwe amaweta mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba zokongola akuswananso astronotus. Kwenikweni, zokonda zimaperekedwa ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana monga "Oscar Red".

Kusamalira ndi kusamalira mu aquarium

Aquarists amakono, mwinamwake, ali ndi cichlids otchuka kwambiri komanso odziwika bwino, omwe amaimiridwa ndi Astronotus. Izi zili choncho makamaka chifukwa chakuti nsomba zokongolazi zimakhala ndi luso lanzeru. Eni ake ambiri amawona zinthu monga kuti nsomba zimatha kuzindikira mwiniwake ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimakulolani kuti muzizimeta. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, sizovuta kuwaphunzitsa njira zosavuta.

Kusankha aquarium

Kuti zisungidwe bwino, ndikofunikira kupereka nsomba ndi madzi ofunda, kutentha kwa madigiri 23 mpaka 27, zomwe ziyeneranso kukhala zoyera. Chifukwa chake, pamodzi ndi aquarium, muyenera kugula thermometer ndi chowotcha nthawi yomweyo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, muyenera kudziwa kuti pali zinthu zina zomwe zili mu astronotus. Madzi otentha kwambiri, ndipo makamaka akasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, angayambitse njala ya okosijeni. Zotsatira zake, minofu, kuphatikizapo minofu ya mtima, komanso mitsempha ya mitsempha imawonongeka mwadzidzidzi mu nsomba. Madzi ozizira kwambiri amatha kufooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi cha nsombazo, ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo oopsa komanso akupha.

Ndikofunika kudziwa! Ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi makina osefera madzi. Pankhaniyi, chipangizocho chiyenera kukhala champhamvu kwambiri kuti chiyeretse madzi ambiri.

Poganizira kuti nsomba ya astronotus si yaying'ono, mudzafunika aquarium yokhala ndi pafupifupi malita 150 osachepera. Ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kuchuluka kotereku ndikofunikira pa nsomba iliyonse payekhapayekha. Oimira a dongosolo lofanana ndi nsomba amabala zinyalala zambiri m'moyo wawo. Pachifukwa ichi, zofunikira zapadera zimayikidwa pazitsulo zosefera. Choyamba, iyenera kukhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba. Kachiwiri, kamodzi pa sabata muyenera kusintha 25% yamadzi am'madzi am'madzi ndi madzi oyera. Chifukwa cha kusefedwa kwamphamvu, ndizotheka kuchotsa poizoni wosonkhanitsidwa munthawi yake. Kuti muwongolere magwiridwe antchito a zosefera, ndikofunikira kuwayeretsa nthawi zonse kuti asaipitsidwe. Ndikofunikiranso kuyang'anira kuuma kwa madzi (osapitirira 25 dH) ndi acidity yake (mkati mwa 6,5-75 pH).

Kugwirizana, khalidwe

Akatswiri amakono a aquarists afika pa lingaliro lakuti ma perciformes awa amasungidwa mosiyana. Anansi awo angakhale oimira omwewo a banja la cichlid, mwa mawonekedwe a cichlids akuluakulu akumwera kapena ku Central America.

Kuti mukhale mu aquarium imodzi, muyenera kusankha mtundu womwe uli ndi makhalidwe ofanana. Asakhale achangu kwambiri kapena ongokhala chete. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kudziwa za chinthu monga kukhazikika mu aquarium yamitundu yonse ya cichlids nthawi imodzi. Njirayi ikuthandizani kuti muchotse zotsatira za kugonjetsedwa kwa madera ndi anthu amphamvu kapena anthu omwe adawonekera mu aquarium kale.

Zakudya ndi zakudya

Maziko a chakudya cha astronotus chomwe chili mu aquarium ndi:

• njenjete yaikulu ndithu.
• Ziphuphu.
• Nyama yang'ombe yopanda mafuta.
• Moyo wosweka wa ng'ombe.
• Nsomba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba zam'madzi.
• Chakudya chapadera chokonzeka chouma cha ma cichlids akuluakulu.

Cichlids akuluakulu ndi osusuka kwambiri. Ngakhale mutaika chakudya chochuluka bwanji, adzadya zonse. Chifukwa chake, kuti asakhale ndi vuto la m'mimba, sayenera kudyetsedwa kuposa 1 nthawi patsiku. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kukonza masiku osala kudya.

Ndikofunika kudziwa! Mtima wa ng'ombe (wodulidwa) ukulimbikitsidwa kuti uperekedwe kwa Astronotus osaposa kamodzi pamwezi. Njirayi imathetsa maonekedwe a kunenepa kwambiri mwa anthu ndipo imathandizira kuti nsomba zizichulukana.

Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kukulitsa zakudya za cichlids, kuphatikiza ma cichlids, kukhala nsomba zazing'ono, tadpoles ndi achule ang'onoang'ono, nyamayi ndi shrimp. Mosalephera, zakudya ziyenera kuphatikizapo zinthu zomera chiyambi. Kuti muchite izi, mungagwiritse ntchito nyenyeswa ya mkate wakuda, oatmeal flakes, sipinachi yodulidwa, komanso letesi. Pankhaniyi, thanzi la nsomba za aquarium zimadalira momwe chakudya cha nsomba chimapangidwira bwino pamodzi ndi zakudya za nyama ndi zomera. Koma mulimonsemo, nsomba zamoyo zazing'ono ziyenera kukondedwa, chifukwa m'chilengedwe ichi ndi chakudya chawo chachikulu.

Kubala ndi ana

Amuna okhwima maganizo amasiyana ndi akazi okhwima m’njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo:

• Akazi akuluakulu amakhala ndi gawo lozungulira kwambiri la pamimba.
• Amuna amakhala ndi mtunda wokulirapo pakati pa maso awo kuposa akazi.
• Chipsepse cha kumatako chakumbuyo kwa yaikazi chimakhala chooneka ngati mapeyala. Mwa amuna, mbali iyi ya zipsepse zimakhala zosalala, popanda zotupa.
• Amuna akuluakulu amasiyana ndi akazi akuluakulu mokulirapo pang'ono ngati ali amisinkhu yofanana.
• Zipsepse za m'chiuno mwa amuna ndi zazitali pang'ono ndipo zimawonekera kwambiri kuposa zazikazi.
• Mbali yakutsogolo ya akazi si yotambasuka poyerekezera ndi yakutsogolo kwa amuna.

Zonsezi pamwambapa zikhoza kutengedwa ngati chitsogozo ngati kuli kofunikira kusiyanitsa amuna ndi akazi, ngakhale kuti amaonedwa kuti ndi achibale kwambiri. Anthu a Astronotus amakhala okhwima pakugonana ali ndi zaka 2. Kuti nsomba za aquarium ziziswana popanda mavuto, ziyenera kuikidwa m'madzi wamba omwe amatha pafupifupi malita 300. Ngati nsombazo zimakhazikika padera, ndiye kuti mudzafunika mphamvu ya malita 200 mu voliyumu ndi kusefedwa bwino ndi kayendedwe ka mpweya. Pa nthawi yomweyi, payenera kukhala mwala wawukulu wathyathyathya pansi, pomwe yaikazi imayikira mazira.

Asanayambe kuswana, yaikazi imapanga ovipositor, yomwe imatha kuwonedwa ndi maso. Akuluakulu amabala pafupifupi mwezi uliwonse ka 10 motsatizana, kenako amapumula, kwa miyezi iwiri kapena kupitilira apo.

Zambiri zosangalatsa! Fry yomwe imabadwa siimakula ndikukula mofanana, choncho iyenera kusanjidwa nthawi zonse, apo ayi, mwachangu kwambiri zimayamba kudyera zing'onozing'ono.

Kuti muthe kuswana bwino, ndikofunikira kuganizira za kuchuluka kwa zakudya za Astronotus, makamaka pankhani yazakudya zochokera ku nyama, monga mphutsi za tizilombo, mphutsi zamagazi, nyongolotsi, etc.

Kuwonjezera apo, mukhoza kuwapatsa zidutswa za ng'ombe zowonda, komanso nsomba zazing'ono. Pazifukwa zotere, ndikofunikira kukweza kutentha kwa madzi ndi madigiri angapo, ndikuwapatsa astronotus ndi gwero lowonjezera komanso lalitali la kuwala. Ndi bwino kusintha mbali ina ya madzi ndi madzi owiritsa. Yaikazi ikaikira mazira, yaimuna imawasanganiza nthawi yomweyo. Zomangamanga zimatha kutumizidwa ku chofungatira kapena kusiyidwa motetezedwa ndi makolo awiri. Astronotus ndi ena mwa nsomba zomwe zimateteza ndi kusamalira ana awo amtsogolo. Amachotsa mazira osabereka kuchokera ku zomangamanga ndikudyetsa ongobadwa kumene mwachangu ndi zotulutsa pakhungu.

Kuswana matenda

Astronotus ndi nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi zodzichepetsa komanso zosamva matenda. Ngakhale zili choncho, amatha kudwala matenda wamba komanso opatsirana. Izi makamaka ndi zotupa za mafangasi kapena mabakiteriya.

Matenda a bakiteriya nthawi zambiri amachitika chifukwa chosakonzekera bwino, komanso kudya zakudya zoperewera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chichepetse. Pankhani ya matenda oterowo, mabala, ming'alu ndi madontho amawonekera pathupi la nsomba. Monga lamulo, izi ndi zotsatira za kusowa kwa mavitamini ndi mchere, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zakudya zopanda thanzi komanso madzi odetsedwa, omwe nthawi zambiri samasinthidwa ndi madzi oyera. Zochizira matenda a bakiteriya, m`pofunika kukonzanso zakudya, kupangitsa kukhala wathanzi ndi moyenera, komanso ntchito Metronidazole.

Mfundo zofunika! Avereji ya moyo wa zamoyozi ndi zaka 12. Pansi pa chisamaliro choyenera, zakudya zopatsa thanzi, njira zodzitetezera, nsomba za aquarium izi zimatha kukhala zaka 15, kapena kupitilira apo.

Pankhani ya mawonetseredwe a matenda parasitic kapena matenda chikhalidwe, m`pofunika kuchita kudzipatula miyeso. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuyambitsa nsomba zamtsinje muzakudya za Astronotus, zomwe zimatha kukhala gwero la majeremusi osiyanasiyana. Musanakhazikitse aquarium, nthaka yomwe iyenera kuyikidwa mu aquarium iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi kutentha. Zomera ndi zinthu zina, komanso zokongoletsera, zimathandizidwa ndi njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate.

Ndemanga za eni ake

Aquarists odziwa bwino amalangiza kuti, pokonza aquarium, onetsetsani kuti nsomba zili ndi penapake zobisala. Pankhaniyi, iwo adzakhala omasuka makamaka.

Mamembala awa a banja la cichlid amakonda kukonza malo onse a aquarium malinga ndi zomwe amakonda. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi zambiri munthu amatha kuona chithunzi pamene nsomba zikugwira ntchito yosuntha zinthu zokongoletsera, monga driftwood kapena miyala. Kutengera mbali iyi ya moyo wa astronotus, zokongoletsa zonse siziyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zakuthwa.

Chifukwa chosunga oimira a perciformes mu aquarium, adatsimikiza kuti ndi bwino kudyetsa ana ndi mphutsi zamagazi, ndipo zigawo zazikulu zodyera ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa akuluakulu. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito nyongolotsi ngati chakudya, ndi bwino kuyeretsa dothi ndikutsuka m'madzi. Zotsatira zabwino zimatha kuyembekezera kudyetsa nsomba za aquarium ndi mapuloteni opangidwa ndi minced, omwe amatha kukonzedwa pamaziko a ng'ombe yowonda, nyama ya squid, chiwindi ndi zidutswa za mtima. Mukaphika nyama yophikidwa, imayikidwa mufiriji.

Astronotus ndi nyama zakutchire zomwe zimafunikira chakudya chokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri. Malo ogulitsa ziweto amapereka kusankha kwakukulu kwapadera, chakudya chokonzekera nsomba za aquarium. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, munthu ayenera kuganizira kuti pansi pa chilengedwe, astronotus amadya oimira nyama, omwe ali ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Choncho, kutsindika kuyenera kuikidwa ndendende pazinthu zoterezi za zakudya zawo.

Kuti musinthe zakudya za nsombazi, mutha kudyetsa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi tizilombo tosatha, komanso zakudya zamitundumitundu, zatsopano komanso zowuma. Ndikothekanso kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zowuma mufiriji.

Ndikofunika kudziwa! Pa nthawi ina, muyenera kupatsa nsomba chakudya chambiri kuti adye kwa mphindi ziwiri. Ngati chakudya chikhalabe mu aquarium, amayamba kuwola, ndikutseka madzi. Mitundu yonse ya mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayamba kukhala m'madzi odetsedwa.

Pomaliza

Malinga ndi eni ambiri, astronotus ndi nsomba zapadera za aquarium. Ngati moyo wabwino umaperekedwa kwa iwo, ndi chakudya choyenera ndi chisamaliro, ndiye kuti amatha kukondweretsa mabanja onse ndi khalidwe lawo losangalatsa kwa zaka zambiri. Izi ndi nsomba zanzeru kwambiri zomwe zimamangiriridwa ndi mbuye wawo. Komanso, kuti nsomba zizikhala zathanzi nthawi zonse, sizifunikira zambiri: aquarium yayikulu, madzi oyera ndi ofunda, kukhalapo kwa malo mu aquarium kuti mutha kubisala ndi zakudya zomanga thupi.

Tsoka ilo, ambiri samamvetsetsa izi ndipo, pogula nsomba za aquarium, amakhulupirira kuti ndizokwanira kudyetsa zambiri. Zotsatira zake, eni ake amakumana ndi mavuto ambiri nsomba zikayamba kudwala ndipo nthawi zina zimafa. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zimaŵetedwa kuti zingosangalatsa ana ndikuwapatsa chisamaliro cha ana, omwe nthawi zambiri amaiwala kuwadyetsa, ndipo sangathe kuchita zinthu zambiri pofuna kukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Chilichonse chimene wina anganene, koma popanda makolo sikungatheke kuthetsa vutoli. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kutenga nawo mbali kwa mamembala onse a m'banja mu ndondomekoyi ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa maphunziro. Wina amene, ndi ana amamva ngati palibe wina. Aliyense m’banja akathandizana, ndiye kuti onse m’banjamo amayamba kumvetsetsana. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pa ubale wapakati pa ana ndi makolo awo. Ana ambiri amadandaula chifukwa chosowa chisamaliro cha makolo awo, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti makolo satenga nawo mbali m'maleredwe a ana awo.

Chinthu chachikulu ndikusunga ana anu otanganidwa ndi chinachake, koma ndondomekoyi iyenera kuyendetsedwa osati china chilichonse.