Ataxia, ndi chiyani?

Ataxia si matenda pawokha, koma a chizindikiro zomwe zimachokera kuwonongeka kwa cerebellum (gawo la ubongo lomwe limayendetsa kugwirizana kwa minofu).

Ataxia imakhala ndi kutayika kwa mgwirizano mu minofu ya manja ndi miyendo pakuyenda mwaufulu monga kuyenda kapena kugwira zinthu. Ataxia imathanso kukhudza mapepala, ndi mayendedwe amaso ndiluso kumeza. Ataxia imatchedwanso cerebellar ataxia kapena cerebellar syndrome.

Palinso mitundu ingapo yaataxies cholowa. Awa ndi matenda a minyewa ndi ma genetic omwe amakhudza cerebellum. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ofowoka, ndiko kunena kuti mavuto ogwirizana kumveka bwino pakapita nthawi.

Zimayambitsa

Ataxia imatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zinthu zingapo:

• Un vuto lalikulu. Kuwonongeka kwa msana kapena ubongo chifukwa cha ngozi yapamsewu, mwachitsanzo.
• Ngozi ya cerebrovascular (stroke) kapena kusachedwa kwa ischemic (TIA kapena mini-stroke), kutanthauza kutsekereza kwakanthawi kwa a ubongo mtsempha wamagazi zomwe zimathetsa mwachibadwa, popanda kusiya zotsatirapo zilizonse.
• A cerebral palsy. Kuwonongeka kwa ubongo musanayambe, panthawi kapena mwamsanga pambuyo pobadwa, zomwe zimakhudza kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.
• Zovuta pambuyo pa a kachilombo ka HIV monga nkhuku kapena kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr.
• Multiple sclerosis.
• Poizoni ku zitsulo zolemera, monga lead kapena mercury kapena solvents.
• A zochita ndi mankhwala enaake, monga barbituriques (mwachitsanzo phenobarbital) kapena mankhwala ogonetsa (monga benzodiazepines), amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza nkhawa, kukhumudwa kapena kusowa tulo.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa.
• Matenda a metabolic.
• Kuperewera kwa vitamini.
• A chotupa, khansa kapena matenda omwe amakhudza cerebellum.

Ma ataxia obadwa nawo kwambiri amayamba chifukwa cha jini yochokera kwa kholo limodzi.

Mwachitsanzo:

• THEspinocerebellar ataxia. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 36 (yotchedwa SCA1 ku SCA30) ya matendawa, yomwe imadziwika ndi zaka zoyambira komanso ziwalo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhudzidwa kuphatikiza pa cerebellum (mwachitsanzo diso).
• THEataxia zazing'ono. Pali mitundu 7 ya episodic ataxias (yosankhidwa EA1 ku EA7) yomwe imawoneka ngati kuukira koopsa komwe kumakhudza kusamvana ndi kugwirizana.

Cholowa cholowa ataxias chimayamba chifukwa cha jini yochokera kwa makolo onse awiri.

Mwachitsanzo:

• THEataxia wa Friedreich.

Izi zimayambitsa matenda obwera chifukwa cha neuromuscular kuchepetsa kupanga mphamvu m'thupi. Mitsempha ndi maselo a mtima ndizomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri. Anthu ndi kuyenda kwachilendo, kusokonekera Ndi chimodzi vuto la kulankhula, zomwe zimawonekera paubwana kapena unyamata woyambirira. Zowonongeka izi zimayambitsa kusintha kwa chigoba, monga kupotoza kwa msana (scoliosis), kupotoza kwa mapazi, komanso kukulitsa mtima. Ku Europe, pafupifupi munthu mmodzi mwa anthu 1 aliwonse amaganiziridwa kuti ali ndi matendawa. Ku France, kuli odwala pafupifupi 50.

• THEataxia Charlevoix-Saguenay ndi spastic (ARSACS).

Matenda osowa cholowa amenewa ndi okhudza anthu ochokera kumadera a Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean ndi Charlevoix ku Quebec. Zimabweretsa a kuwonongeka kwa msana, limodzi ndi kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono kwa zotumphukira mitsempha. Anthu pafupifupi 250 akukhudzidwa ndi matendawa m'madera omwe akhudzidwa. Pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa anthu 1 amanyamula jini ya ARSACS m'malo awa.

• Theataxia telangiectasia kapena Louis-Bar Syndrome.

Izi osowa majini matenda amakhudza kuyenda, ndi mitsempha ya magazi (dilation) ndi chitetezo. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amawonekera ali ndi zaka 1 kapena 2 zaka. Kuchuluka kwake kukuyembekezeka kukhala pafupifupi 1 mwa 40 mpaka 000 obadwa padziko lonse lapansi.

Zitha kuchitikanso nthawi zina kuti palibe kholo lomwe limadwala matendawa ndipo pakadali pano palibe mbiri yodziwika bwino yabanja (kusintha kwachete).