Mawu akuti "atherogenic" amatanthauza zinthu kapena zinthu zomwe zimatha kutulutsa atheroma, kapena kuyika kwa zolembera zopangidwa ndi LDL-cholesterol, maselo otupa ndi chipolopolo cha fibrous. Chochitikachi ndi chowopsa makamaka ngati mtsempha wamagazi umapereka chiwalo chofunikira kwambiri monga mtima kapena ubongo. Ndi chifukwa cha matenda ambiri a mtima, kuphatikizapo sitiroko ndi myocardial infarction. Kupewa kwake kwakukulu kumaphatikizapo kukhala ndi zizolowezi zabwino zaukhondo ndi zakudya. Kupewa kwachiwiri kumaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi zizindikiro kapena zovuta. Pankhaniyi, cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta zatsopano, pagawo lomwelo kapena pagawo lina la mitsempha.

Mawu akuti "atherogenic" amatanthauza zinthu kapena zinthu zomwe zimatha kutulutsa atheroma, ndiko kunena kuti zolembera zomwe zimapangidwa ndi lipids, maselo otupa, maselo osalala a minofu ndi minofu yolumikizana. Zolemba izi zimadziphatika ku makoma amkati a mitsempha yapakati ndi yayikulu, makamaka ya mtima, ubongo ndi miyendo, ndipo imatsogolera ku kusintha komweko kwa maonekedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha makomawa. 

Kuyika kwa zolemberazi kungayambitse zovuta zazikulu monga matenda a mitsempha yamagazi poyambitsa:

• kukhuthala ndi kutayika kwa khoma la arterial (atherosclerosis);
• kuchepa kwa m'mimba mwake (stenosis). Chodabwitsa ichi chikhoza kufika kupitirira 70% ya m'mimba mwake mwa mtsempha. Izi zimatchedwa stenosis yolimba;
• kutsekeka pang'ono kapena kwathunthu kwa mtsempha wamagazi (thrombosis).

Timalankhula za zakudya za atherogenic kuti titchule zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri, monga zakudya zakumadzulo zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta odzaza mafuta ndi ma trans mafuta acids potsatira hydrogenation ya mafuta acids pogwiritsa ntchito mafakitale.

Kukula kwa atheromatous plaques kungakhale chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo, koma chifukwa chachikulu ndi cholesterol yambiri m'magazi, kapena hypercholesterolemia. Zowonadi, kupangidwa kwa zolembera za atheromatous kumadalira kuchulukana pakati pa zakudya zamafuta a cholesterol, kuchuluka kwake kozungulira komanso kuchotsedwa kwake.

M'kupita kwa moyo, njira zingapo zidzayamba kusokoneza khoma la mitsempha, makamaka m'madera a bifurcation:

• arterial hypertension, yomwe, kuwonjezera pamakina ake pakhoma, imasintha ma lipoprotein a intracellular;
• vasomotor zinthu, monga angiotensin ndi catecholamines, amene amatha kuvumbula sub-endothelial kolajeni;
• zinthu za hypoxiant, monga chikonga, zomwe zimayambitsa kupsinjika kwa ma cell zomwe zimapangitsa kufalikira kwa ma intercellular.

Kuphwanyidwa kumeneku kudzalola kudutsa khoma la mitsempha ya lipoprotein ang'onoang'ono monga HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) ndi LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) lipoproteins. LDL-cholesterol, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa "cholesterol yoyipa", yomwe imapezeka m'magazi imatha kumangika. Izi zimapanga zotupa zoyamba zoyamba, zotchedwa lipid streaks. Awa ndi ma depositi omwe amapanga mikwingwirima ya lipid pakhoma lamkati la mtsempha. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, LDL-cholesterol imatuluka pamenepo ndipo imakhala yotupa pakhoma lamkati. Kuti athetse, omalizawo amalemba ma macrophages omwe ali ndi LDL-cholesterol. Kupatula njira iliyonse yoyendetsera, macrophages amakhala ochulukirapo, amafa ndi apoptosis pomwe amakhala atatsekeredwa kwanuko. Yachibadwa machitidwe a kuchotsa ma cell zinyalala sangathe alowererepo, iwo kudziunjikira mu atheroma zolengeza amene amakula pang`onopang`ono. Poyankha njirayi, maselo osalala a mitsempha ya khoma la mitsempha amasamukira ku plaque pofuna kuyesa kulekanitsa gulu la maselo otupa. Adzapanga ulusi wa ulusi wopangidwa ndi ulusi wa collagen: yonseyo imapanga mbale yochulukirapo kapena yocheperako komanso yokhazikika. Pazifukwa zina, ma plaque macrophages amapanga mapuloteni omwe amatha kugaya kolajeni yopangidwa ndi maselo osalala a minofu. Pamene chodabwitsa ichi chotupa chimakhala chokhazikika, zochita za proteases pa ulusi zimalimbikitsa kukonzanso kwa screed yomwe imakhala yosalimba kwambiri ndipo imatha kuphulika. Pankhaniyi, khoma lamkati la mitsempha likhoza kusweka. Mapulateleti a magazi amaphatikizana ndi zinyalala zama cell ndi lipids zomwe zimawunjikana m'mwazi kuti apange magazi, omwe amachedwetsa ndikulepheretsa kutuluka kwa magazi.

Kuyenda kwa kolesterolo m’thupi kumaperekedwa ndi LDL ndi HDL lipoproteins amene amanyamula mafuta m’thupi, kuchokera ku chakudya m’mwazi, kuchokera m’matumbo kupita kuchiŵindi kapena m’mitsempha, kapena kuchokera m’mitsempha kupita kuchiŵindi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, tikafuna kuyesa chiwopsezo cha atherogenic, timamwetsa ma lipoprotein awa ndikuyerekeza kuchuluka kwawo:

• Ngati pali ma lipoprotein a LDL ambiri, omwe amanyamula mafuta m'thupi kupita ku mitsempha, chiopsezo chimakhala chachikulu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake LDL-cholesterol imatchedwa atherogenic;
• Ngozi imeneyi imachepetsedwa pamene mlingo wa magazi a HDL lipoproteins, amene amatsimikizira kubwerera kwa cholesterol ku chiwindi kumene amakonzedwa asanachotsedwe, ali wochuluka. Chifukwa chake, HDL-HDL-cholesterol imayeneretsedwa ngati chitetezo chamtima pomwe mulingo wake uli wokwera, komanso ngati chiwopsezo chamtima pomwe mulingo wake uli wochepa.

Kuchulukana kwa zolembera za atheromatous kumatha kusokoneza pang'onopang'ono kutuluka kwa magazi ndikupangitsa kuwonekera kwazizindikiro zakumaloko:

• ululu;
• chizungulire;
• kupuma movutikira;
• kusakhazikika poyenda, etc.

Zovuta zazikulu za atherosulinosis zimayamba chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa zolembera za atherosclerotic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chotupa kapena thrombus, chomwe chimalepheretsa kutuluka kwa magazi ndikuyambitsa ischemia, zotsatira zake zomwe zingakhale zazikulu kapena zakupha. Mitsempha ya ziwalo zosiyanasiyana imatha kukhudzidwa:

• Mtsempha wamagazi matenda, mu mtima, ndi angina kapena angina pectoris monga chizindikiro, ndi chiopsezo m`mnyewa wamtima infarction;
• carotids, pakhosi, ndi chiopsezo cha ngozi ya cerebrovascular (stroke);
• msempha wa m'mimba, pansi pa diaphragm, ndi chiopsezo cha kupasuka kwa aneurysm;
• Mitsempha ya m'mimba, m'matumbo, yokhala ndi chiopsezo cha mesenteric infarction;
• aimpso mitsempha, pa mlingo wa impso, ndi chiopsezo aimpso infarction;
• mitsempha ya m'munsi mwa miyendo ndi chizindikiro cha kupunduka kwa miyendo ya m'munsi.

Kupatula kubadwa, kugonana ndi zaka, kupewa mapangidwe a atheromatous plaques kumadalira kuwongolera ziwopsezo zamtima:

• kuchepetsa thupi, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi shuga;
• kusiya kusuta;
• kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi;
• kutengera zakudya zabwino;
• kuchepetsa kumwa mowa;
• kuwongolera nkhawa, etc.

Ngati cholembera cha atheromatous sichikhala chochepa ndipo sichinapangitse kukhudzidwa, kupewa koyambaku kungakhale kokwanira. Ngati miyeso yoyambirirayi ikulephera, cholemberacho chikasinthika, chithandizo chamankhwala chingalimbikitse. Itha kuperekedwanso nthawi yomweyo ngati pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha zovuta. Iwo mwadongosolo analimbikitsa kupewa yachiwiri pambuyo koyamba mtima chochitika. Mankhwalawa amaphatikizapo:

• mankhwala a antiplatelet, monga aspirin pamlingo waung'ono, kuti achepetse magazi;
• Mankhwala ochepetsa lipid (ma statins, ma fibrate, ezetimibe, cholestyramine, okha kapena ophatikiza) omwe ali ndi zolinga zochepetsera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa, kukhazikika kwa cholesterol ndikukhazikika kwa atheromatous plaques.

Poyang'anizana ndi zolembera zapamwamba za atheromatous ndi zolimba stenosis, revascularization ndi coronary angioplasty ingaganizidwe. Izi zimapangitsa kuti atheromatous zone ikule chifukwa cha baluni yofukizidwa komweko mtsempha wamagazi ndi ischemia. Pofuna kusunga kutsegula ndi kubwezeretsa magazi, kachipangizo kakang'ono kamene kamatchedwa stent amaikidwa ndikusiyidwa.