Mtsempha wa azygos (azygos: kuchokera ku Chigriki kutanthauza "umene suli ngakhale"), wotchedwanso mtsempha waukulu wa azygos, ndi mitsempha yomwe ili pa chifuwa.

malo. Mitsempha ya azygos ndi nthambi zake zili pamtunda wa chigawo chapamwamba cha lumbar, komanso pamtunda wa khoma la chifuwa.

kapangidwe. Mtsempha wa azygos ndi mtsempha waukulu wa azygos venous system. Yotsirizirayo imagawidwa m'magawo awiri:

• gawo lolunjika lokhala ndi mtsempha wa azygos kapena mtsempha waukulu wa azygos;
• mbali yakumanzere yokhala ndi mitsempha yaing'ono ya azygo kapena hemiazygous, yopangidwa ndi mtsempha wa hemiazygous, kapena mtsempha wapansi wa hemiazygous, ndi chowonjezera cha mtsempha wa hemiazygous, kapena mtsempha wapamwamba wa hemiazygous. (1) (2)

Ma azygos

Origin. Mtsempha wa azygos umachokera pamtunda wa 11 kumanja kwa intercostal space, komanso kuchokera ku magwero awiri:

• gwero lopangidwa ndi mgwirizano wa kumanja wokwera m'chiuno mtsempha ndi mtsempha wa 12 wakumanja wa intercostal;
• gwero lopangidwa mwina ndi kumtunda kwapansi kwa vena cava, kapena ndi mtsempha wolondola wa aimpso.

Njira. Mtsempha wa azygos umakwera kutsogolo kwa matupi a vertebral. Pa mlingo wa vertebra yachinayi, mtsempha wa azygos umakhota ndipo umapanga chigoba kuti chigwirizane ndi vena cava yapamwamba.

Nthambi. Mtsempha wa azygos uli ndi nthambi zingapo zomwe zidzagwirizane nazo paulendo wake: mitsempha isanu ndi itatu yotsiriza yopita kumanja ya intercostal, mtsempha wapamwamba wa intercostal, mitsempha ya bronchial ndi esophageal, komanso mitsempha iwiri ya hemiazygous. (1) (2)

Hemiazygous mitsempha

Chiyambi. Mtsempha wa hemiazygous umachokera pamtunda wa 11 kumanzere kwa intercostal danga, ndipo kuchokera ku magwero awiri:

• gwero lopangidwa ndi mgwirizano wa kumanzere kukwera mtsempha wa lumbar ndi 12 kumanzere intercostal mtsempha;
• gwero lopangidwa ndi mtsempha wakumanzere wa aimpso.

Njira. Mtsempha wa hemiazygous umayenda kumanzere kwa msana. Kenako imalumikizana ndi mitsempha ya azygos pamtunda wa 8th dorsal vertebra.

Nthambi. Mtsempha wa hemiazygous uli ndi nthambi zogwirizanitsa zomwe zidzagwirizane nazo paulendo wake: 4 kapena 5 yotsiriza ya mitsempha ya intercostal. (1) (2)

Chowonjezera hemiazygous mtsempha

Origin. Mtsempha wa hemiazygous wowonjezera umachokera ku 5 mpaka 8 kumanzere kwa mtsempha wa intercostal.

Njira. Zimatsikira kumanzere kwa matupi a vertebral. Amalumikizana ndi mitsempha ya azygos pamtunda wa 8th dorsal vertebra.

Nthambi. Panjira, nthambi zachikole zimalumikizana ndi chowonjezera cha hemiazygous mtsempha: mitsempha ya bronchial ndi mitsempha yapakatikati.1,2

Njira ya azygos venous imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhetsa magazi a venous, osauka mu oxygen, kuchokera kumbuyo, makoma a chifuwa, komanso makoma a m'mimba (1) (2).

Chimfine. Amatchedwanso venous thrombosis, matendawa amafanana ndi mapangidwe a magazi, kapena thrombus, m'mitsempha. Matendawa amatha kuyambitsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga kusakwanira kwa venous (3).

Kusakwanira kwa venous. Mkhalidwewu umafanana ndi kukanika kwa venous network. Izi zikachitika mumtsempha wa azygos, magazi a venous amakhala osakhetsedwa bwino ndipo amatha kukhudza momwe magazi amayendera (3).

Chithandizo cha mankhwala. Kutengera ndi matenda omwe amapezeka, mankhwala ena amatha kuperekedwa monga anticoagulants, kapena antiaggregants.

Kuphulika. Kuyezetsa kumeneku kumaphatikizapo kuthyola thrombi, kapena magazi, pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya infarction ya myocardial.

Kufufuza mwakuthupi. Choyamba, kuyezetsa kuchipatala kumachitika kuti muwone zomwe wodwala akuzindikira.

Kuyesa kuyerekezera kwachipatala. Kuti mutsimikizire kapena kutsimikizira matenda, Doppler ultrasound kapena CT scan akhoza kuchitidwa.

Kufotokozera kwa mitsempha ya azygos. Bartolomeo Eustachi, katswiri wa ku Italy wazaka za m'ma 16 ndi dokotala, adalongosola zamagulu ambiri a anatomical kuphatikizapo mitsempha ya azygos. (4)