Vavu ya mitral, yomwe imatchedwanso kuti bicuspid valve (kuchokera ku Latin cusp kutanthauza nsonga ya mkondo, kapena valavu ya nsonga ziwiri), ndi valve yomwe ili pamtunda wa mtima, kulumikiza atrium yakumanzere kupita ku ventricle yakumanzere.

Malo a valve mitral. Vavu ya mitral ili pamlingo wa mtima. Yotsirizirayo imagawidwa m'magawo awiri, kumanzere ndi kumanja, iliyonse ili ndi ventricle ndi atrium. Zina mwazinthu zamtunduwu zimalumikizidwa ndi ma valve, kuphatikiza valavu ya mitral pakati pa atrium yakumanzere ndi ventricle yakumanzere (1).

Mitral valve kapangidwe. Vavu ya mitral ikhoza kugawidwa m'magawo awiri (2):

- zida za valve, zokhala ndi:

• mphete ya fibrous, yozungulira valavu
• timapepala ta valavu, zoyambira pamlingo wa fibrous annulus ndipo zimapangidwa ndi makwinya a endocardium (1), gawo lamkati la mtima.

- zida za subvalvular, zokhala ndi:

• za zingwe za tendon
• za zingwe za tendon

Njira yamagazi. Magazi amazungulira mbali imodzi kupyolera mu mtima ndi dongosolo la magazi. Atrium yakumanzere imalandira magazi ochuluka kuchokera ku mitsempha ya m'mapapo. Magaziwa amadutsa mu mitral valve kukafika kumanzere kwa ventricle. Mkati mwake, magazi amadutsa mu valavu ya aorta kukafika ku msempha ndi kugawidwa m'thupi lonse (1).

Kutsegula / kutseka valve. Vavu ya mitral imatsegulidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi pamlingo wa atrium yakumanzere ndi kutsika kwake. Pamene ventricle yakumanzere ili yodzaza ndipo kupanikizika kumawonjezeka, ventricle imagwirizanitsa ndipo imapangitsa kuti mitral valve itseke. Izi zimatsekedwa makamaka chifukwa cha minofu ya papillary.

Anti-Reflux yamagazi. Kugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuyenda kwa magazi, valavu ya mitral imalepheretsanso kutuluka kwa magazi kuchokera ku ventricle kupita ku atrium (1).

Matenda a mtima a Valvular amatanthauza ma pathologies onse omwe amakhudza ma valve a mtima. Njira ya ma pathologieswa imatha kubweretsa kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka mtima ndikukulitsa kwa atrium kapena ventricle. Zizindikiro zamatendawa zimatha kukhala kung'ung'udza mu mtima, kugunda kwamtima, ngakhale kusapeza bwino (3).

• Kusakwanira kwa Mitral. Amatchedwanso kutayikira kwa valve, ndi matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu akuluakulu. Zimalumikizidwa ndi kutsekeka koyipa kwa valavu kumapangitsa magazi kubwerera ku atrium. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimakhala zosiyanasiyana ndipo zingaphatikizepo kuwonongeka kwa zaka, matenda kapena endocarditis.
• Mitral stenosis. Amatchedwanso mitral valve narrowing, matendawa amafanana ndi kutsegula kosakwanira kwa valve komwe kumalepheretsa magazi kuyenda bwino. Zomwe zimayambitsa zimakhala zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimatha kukhala matenda a nyamakazi, matenda kapena endocarditis.

Chithandizo chamankhwala. Malingana ndi matenda a valve ndi kupitirira kwake, mankhwala osiyanasiyana amatha kuperekedwa, mwachitsanzo pofuna kupewa matenda ena monga infective endocarditis. Mankhwalawa amathanso kukhala achindunji komanso opangira matenda omwe amagwirizana nawo (4).

Chithandizo cha opaleshoni. Mu matenda apamwamba kwambiri a valve, chithandizo cha opaleshoni chimachitidwa kawirikawiri. Chithandizo chikhoza kukhala kukonza valavu ya mng'oma kapena kusintha ndi kuyika kwa makina kapena bioprosthesis (bio-prosthesis) (3).

Kuyezetsa thupi. Choyamba, kufufuza kwachipatala kumachitidwa pofuna kuyang'ana kugunda kwa mtima makamaka ndikuwunika zizindikiro zomwe wodwalayo amaziwona monga kupuma movutikira kapena kupuma.

Kuyeza kujambula kwachipatala: A ultrasound ya mtima, kapena ngakhale doppler ultrasound ikhoza kuchitidwa. Iwo akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ndi coronary angiography, CT scan, kapena MRI.

Kupsinjika kwa electrocardiogram. Mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza mphamvu zamagetsi pamtima panthawi yolimbitsa thupi.

André Vésale, katswiri wa anatomist waku Belgian komanso dokotala wazaka za zana la 5, adapatsa dzina la "mitral" ku valavu iyi poyerekeza ndi mawonekedwe a miter, mutu wa mabishopu (XNUMX).